The task of improving of quality of school education is
a problem pressing for education workers both before,
and now. This article attempts to examine ways of
solving it by teachers of Chechen-Ingush ASSR in the
60s-70's last century. The Republic paid great attention
to recruitment and retention of trained teaching staff at
schools. Competence of teaching staff was developed
continuously. As a result, both quantitative and
qualitative profile of teaching staff increased steadily,
qualitative profile of rural schoolmasters was
improved. Official evaluation of teachers, conducted
since 1972, contributed to improvement of the
professional level of teaching staff, and overall
operation of general education school. Care about
living conditions of rural teachers positively impacted
on school operation. Career enhancement training was
carried out on a regular basis. Technical training aids
were introduced into school practice. Schools switched
to new programs, taught children in national schools
from the age of six, which contributed to improving of
learning of native and Russian languages, and had a
positive effect on quality increase of the entire
educational work of school. As a result of a complex
of works conducted, overwhelming majority of
teachers in rural schools of the republic finished school
years without non achievers and repeaters
On the basis of the periodic analysis of the materials
of the Soviet post-war decades, this article attempts
to analyze the activities of commercial enterprises to
meet the consumer demand of the rural population.
According to the author, the abolition of the card
system in the Soviet Union in 1947 did not reach the
stated goals: increasing demand of the population
was unable to meet the deficit and preserve
consumer goods led to the emergence of new social
relations and relations between individuals included
in the power hierarchy and employees trade
institutions, and the bulk of the rural population is
supplied with goods on leftovers. Many shopping
facilities in collective farms did not have time to
prepare for work in a trade without a card and as a
result, the first days of the reform were not working.
In rural areas, acute shortage of food and industrial
products: matches, kerosene, clothing, etc. Villagers
not infrequently encountered rude attitude on the
part of those engaged in trade and unsanitary
conditions reigning in retail establishments. In many
settlements, timetable of stores sellers was not
respected and it gave yet another disadvantage to the
rural population
The article deals with the post-war reshuffle of forces in
the near Stalin’s enclosing, which ended with the largest
repressive campaign of the late Stalinism. Shortly, after
the war Stalin encouraged the competition in the system of
the highest power, he goes to the formation of a new
center of power and sets out the party and state
appointments, so called "leningradcev." At the same time
strengthening the position of A. Zhdanov, A. Kuznetsova,
N.Voznesenskogo "the host" accompanies with a limited
sphere of influence of G. Malenkov and L. Beria. During
the 1946-1948, following with the favorite tactics of
checks and balances, the leader does not carry the
advantages of any parties. However, in summer of 1948
the interpersonal conflict between Stalin and Zhdanov was
identified and the sudden death of the latter, destroyed the
existing guide in the narrow balance of power, were the
starting point for the beginning prosecution of
"leningradcev" without guardianship. Using the suspicions
and phobias of the leader, Malenkov and Beria were able
to initiate the "Leningrad affair". The author thinks that if
Zhdanov did not have a fatal cardiac infarction, he would
be back to work in Moscow from the necessitous vocation,
would stay in the membership of governing group and the
bloody reprisals would be avoided
In the article, we can analyze the organization work of
trade unions about collective agreements conclusion as
example of agricultural enterprises in Kalmykia in
1963-1973. The author considers the realization of the
main clauses in the collective agreement. In them there
were reflected the commitments of administration and
collective of industrial and office workers on perfect in
labor organization, introduction of new techniques and
raising the productivity of labor, qualification and
training of personnel. The collective agreements were
made with registration of the main points in labor and
wages questions, and so points in the sphere of
working time, resting time, payment of labor and
material stimulation, labor protection, improvement of
life conditions and cultural service of workers. The
analyses of extensive documentary material showed
that there were serious defects in the working practice
with collective agreements. There were the facts in
formal attitude; conditions and details of agreements
realization were not always discussed in time. The
agreements promoted to realization of production
plans, improvement of everyday repairs and cultural
services of industrial and office workers, and attracting
them to industrial managements. Though in collective
agreements the question of industrial development
were taken more place than protecting workers rights
and interests
The article presents historical information about the
stages of gradual transformation of the first non-large
wine-making institution of Crimea, organized in 1828
under the initiative of Prince M.S. Vorontsov in the
natural boundary called Magarach near the Imperial
Nikitsky botanical garden in the world famous Institute
of Grape and Wine "Magarach" - once the chief
coordinator of the research work in the field of viticulture
and winemaking republics of the USSR and the
main forge of scientific staff in this direction. Among
the directors of the institute of the last century, there
were such talented organizers as A.G. Globa, T.G.
Kataryan, P.Y. Golodriga. The Institute operated a
network of regional branches, created enotec with a
settled in 1836 wine Muscat pink Magarach (World
rarity is reflected in the Guinness book of records), the
world ampelographic collection (fourth in number of
samples), scientists developed area-standard assortment
for production, issued 11 Volumes of "Ampelography
of USSR" (awarded by OIV), designed a lot
of outstanding for yield and stability varieties (Pervenets
Magaracha, Ranniy Magaracha, Citron
Magaracha et al.) and clones (Muscat white of Red
Stone, Pinot Noir yields and others.) grapes. There
was a significant contribution in the sphere of research
and development of viticulture and winemaking of
world, the institute was given an international prestige
and this led to establishing the base of the General
Assembly of the OIV - International Organization of
Grape and Wine, the International Symposium on the
selection of wine-town, several international wine
tasting competitions and International finest examples
of table grapes
In today's world, one of the most urgent problems is
applying to study history of everyday life. In this paper
first analyzes the reflection of the everyday life of the
Cossacks on the paintings for S. A. Gavrilyachenko.
The author examines in detail the work of the artist
associated with this theme indicates strengths and
weaknesses. Particular attention is paid to the precision
display of the Cossack everyday life in the artist's
canvases. Based on the study, the author comes to the
conclusion about the possibility of using S. A.
Gavrilyachenko as one of the sources in the study of
Cossack life. The work particularly focuses on the
specifics of their use is indicated method of analysis of
illustrative sources. The article also highlights the
daily life of the Cossacks. The paper identifies features
of life and development of the Cossacks, is indicated
by its role in the history of Russia. Important place in
the life of the Cossacks took the Orthodox faith; they
very strictly observe the customs, traditions and
beliefs. Particularly tragic was the Cossack period of
the February revolution of 1917, at this time the
destruction of the centralized management of the
Cossack troops occurred. A decisive blow to the bar
caused the Civil war of 1917-1923 and what happened
during the famine of 1921 — 1922, this theme is most
fully represented in the works of S. A. Gavrilyachenko
The article is devoted to military and administrative
activity of one of imperial deputies – Evgeny
Aleksandrovich Golovin in the Caucasus in 1838-1842.
The general spent more than three months studying data
on the area he did not know in the archives of SaintPetersburg.
E. A. Golovin paid special attention to road
and fortification construction. He aimed at making them
“centres of Russian nationhood by establishing schools
and markets”. On December 15, 1838 E. A. Golovin
submitted a report to A. I. Chernyshov, the military
minister, where he described the nearest political tasks of
the Russian government. In Golovin’s opinion, the main
military actions in Dagestan were supposed to be seizure
of Chirkat, construction of fortifications therein and
devastation of Akhulgo, residence of Shamil.
However, E. A. Golovin turned out to be bound with
instructions written in Petersburg more than his
predecessors. Programmes for military actions in the
Caucasus region specifying even troop units to participate
in expeditions down to the last detail were drawn on an
annually basis. By the end of his term in the position of
the Commander-in-Chief of the Independent Caucasian
Corps Golovin started supporting the siege system by
combining it, the same way as A. P. Ermolov, with
periodic temporary offensive operations. After the
Evgenievskoe Fortification (named so to honour Golovin
by Royal Decree) had been constructed at the Sulak River,
Evgeniy Aleksandrovich was dismissed in October 1842.
The author concludes that in process of recognition of the
world of mountaineers the commander-in-chief showed
aspiration to searches of other, less dramatic solutions of
the Caucasian question, opened for the successors of
prospect of the movement of Russia and the people of
Chechnya, Dagestan and Western Caucasus towards each
other
The authors analyze the results of the lessons and
consequences of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945
in the context of modernity, as well as falsification
attempts to distort, defame and otherwise detract the
role of the USSR in the victory over Nazi Germany.
They argue that the knowledge of the truth about the
Great Patriotic War gives us the opportunity not only
proud of the feat of their fathers and grandfathers, our
homeland, but also strengthen the belief in the great
future of modern Russia. They say that for a long time in
Western historiography, and, unfortunately, in the
domestic, and plant abstracts, not only contrary to the
truth, archival materials and documents, but also the
common logic. In particular, the article in question of
who is to blame for fueling the war - the Soviet Union
and Germany, Stalin or Hitler? The authors argue that,
despite some external similarities in politics and
ideology of the two historical actors of Stalin and Hitler,
the two totalitarian regimes, it is really only superficial
similarities. The authors show that it is the ideology and
politics of fascism and Nazism became the primary
cause of the outbreak of Hitler started World War II, and
then the attack on the Soviet Union. The article stated a
direct continuity between past and present Nazi fascism,
emerging after the coup in the Ukraine with the direct
support of the West. The article analyzes and that
assistance provided by the Soviet Union and its allies in
the anti-Hitler Germany - United States and Britain.
Without belittling their contribution to winning, the
authors, however, have proved a decisive role of our
country in it
The article is devoted to the military and
administrative activities in the Caucasus in 1838–1842
y. one of the Royal Governors-Evgeny Aleksandrovich
Golovin. The author concludes that as a Russian
Patriot and aiming initially to make the Caucasus the
Russian spirit and legal institutions, Golovin began
gradually local features, and at the end of his
Administration Region tried to combine central
traditions with peripheral. His transformations were
appraised only after Evgeniy Aleksandrovich had left
Transcaucasia. For instance, in Tiflis they started
building more European-style constructions on
wastelands, erected causeways, pavements and pools
with clean mountain water. With its extraordinary
combination of the East and the West Tiflis turned into
one of the most interesting and largest cities of Russia.
As a truly Russian nobleman, General Golovin liked
living luxuriously, openly and hospitably. The best
representatives of the local society were welcomed in
his house in a warm-hearted and friendly manner,
which caused an unconscious sensation of gratitude
and left a favourable impression. Preliminary analysis
of activity of E.A. Golovin in Transcaucasia gives no
grounds for assessments which are extremely negative
or idealise the Chief Executive. Yet E.A. Golovin
managed to be remembered as a reformer and
facilitator of Transcaucasia whose numerous initiatives
were developed by his successors: M. S. Vorontsov,
A. I. Baryatinskiy, Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich
and others
During the whole history of the Russian Imperial
Army the unchanging principles of its education were
moral and physical power, development of the mind
and volition. On these principles the Russian Army
grew. The formation of the theory and practice of
education in the Russian army was directly connected
with names of famous military leaders because good
training troops led to a successful execution of combat
missions. So, for example, the name of A. V. Suvorov
and his «The Science of Victory», the work which the
Field Marshal presented his original system of views
on ways to combat, training and educating soldiers are
well known. But at the same time, many other military
leaders have contributed to this hard work for the
benefit of the Russian army. In this article we focus
on coverage of the military pedagogic views and
activity of the military historian, writer, lieutenant
general V. A. Potto. The article details the pedagogical
approaches V. A. Potto’s to moral education of the
future officers and the opinion of general to
educational process at the military school, which
focuses mainly on the training of the Cossacks