The article presents the weighting function for the points within the geodetic network. The obtained system of equations is solved by the method of least squares. In the result of solving the system of equations we found the original formula for calculation of reverse weights of any point in the geodetic network
One of the main problems at engineering-geological
researches is the choice of the most suitable territory
for construction of designed projects and
constructions. The most dangerous threat to the
economy and the security of the Krasnodar region are
geohazards. The article provides an expert evaluation
of engineering-geological conditions of the territory,
the map-scheme of evaluation of engineeringgeological
zoning of the region. The characteristic is
given to the engineering-geological taxons allocated
on degree of usefulness of conditions
Within the Terek-Sunzha gas area we have identified patterns, most of which are divided into blocks in some cases with large amplitude shear. The processes of destruction of structures took place during the period of their formation and the subsequent time and due to the strong and catastrophic earthquakes. The article provides a statistical analysis of strong earthquakes in this region during the period 1688-2008 and the regularities of their existence. It is shown that the maximum number of earthquakes took place during the period of the depths of 5-12 km and the distribution of the number of strong earthquakes at levels subject to certain matematical patterns. With regard to the analysis of the distribution of earthquakes in a single year in the whole of the globe, we obtained the correlation of the displacement of rocks from levels of existence of earthquakes and possible displacement of rocks to very catastrophic earthquakes. We have also given the forecast frequency and the number of strong catastrophic earthquakes for the period from the beginning of the formation of structures up to the present time. We assessed maximum displacements of rock blocks during this time, which is in good agreement with the actual values of the displacement of rock blocks
In the given article, we explore the territory
organization of tourism in the Krasnodar region.
General route models of trips are considered. M.
Clauson’s theory about dependence demand of
distance of a trip is explored. Also, the efficiency of
testing this theory in modern conditions was taken up.
Theoretical and practical aspects of clusters in a
tourist-recreational complex, such as substance of
cluster approach in tourism, ways of determining the
geographic boundaries of clusters and other details are
investigated. The territory of the Krasnodar region has
grate tourist potential, but the flow of tourists is very
unevenly distributed. This is the reason why a new one
clustering of the Black Sea cost in the region is
offered. It means care of the administrative boundaries
of municipalities and zoning on the basis of
accessibility of attractive excursion objects in respect
to distance and influence of environment. This way of
management of coastal zones in the Krasnodar region
helps to govern all resources more rationally. It also
provides confident development of tourism
The chemical composition of neogen-quaternary, paleogene, cretaceous and paleozoic aquifer systems in the Ob-Tomskoye interfluves area is presented in the article. The water saturation with respect to secondary minerals is described. Authors show that the waters of all studied aquifer systems are saturated with respect to montmorillonites and calcite in a less degree. The geochemical water types are identified and their distribution is described
Considerable parts of the ablation zones of mountain
glaciers in various mountain systems of the World are
covered with rocks (dibris). Heat and physical
properties of debris layer are very different from those
of ice. Debris layer determines ablation rate and ice
run-off regime. Dependently on thickness, it can
accelerate ablation or totally isolate ice cover from
melting. To describe ablation rate in a mathematical
model correctly, one needs to include in it a block
responsible for heat exchange of debris-covered areas
with the atmosphere. In the paper, we consider an
algorithm for calculation of ablation rate under the
layer of debris, which is to be incorporated to the
surface mass balance model. We also describe results
of calculations of temperature distribution in a debris
layer and estimates of ablation rate under the latter. All
calculations were carried out for heat and physical
properties of Djankuat Glacier in the Central Caucasus
What we have analyzed in the article is the spatial
structure of the surface air temperature and
precipitation amount fields in the Black Sea Region.
Spatial correlation method is applied to reveal
teleconnections between surface air temperature and
precipitation measured at the meteorological stations
of the region from one hand and globally averaged
surface air temperature and atmospheric circulation
indecies from the other hand. Atmospheric circulation
indecies – North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and
Oscillation «North Sea – Northern Caspian Sea»
(NCP) – determine to a great extent regional
temperature and precipitation regime. The goal of the
current research is to establish probable causes and
mechanisms influencing regional climatic variations
and examining of possible connections of the latter
with the global climate change. It is demonstrated that
relations between air temperature and precipitation at
particular stations in the region and global temperature
are weak and ambigous. At the same time, temperature
and precipitation regimes are affected by changes of
phases of NAO and NCP. It means that global
warming has no direct effect on the regional climate.
More probably, global warming influences the regional
climate through the changes in the atmospheric
circulation pattern in the particular region
The structural and functional properties of humic acids of different types of poorly studied soils of the Krasnodar Region: ordinary black soil or chernozem (carbonated), meadowish chernozem and gray forest soils are investigated. We define the type of humus of the soil samples studied as fulvate-humate. Using traditional indicators of humus soil conditions the regularities of soil and ecological processes involving organic matter in soils under natural and anthropogenically factorial changes in the monitoring sites are revealed. The relationship of the optical properties of humic acids with the intensity of the processes of transformation of humic substances by increasing the depth of the soil sample is shown. By NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and spectrophotometry in the visible spectrum differences and similarities in the structure of macromolecules of humic acids in soil samples. In terms of soil contamination with oil in a field experiment, on the monitoring site we have set a trend towards to redistribution in the ratio of functional groups of humic acid macromolecules: the proportion of aliphatic fragments increases. We have revealed an increase in the share of the mobile fraction of humic substances in terms of oil pollution. The article has the most suitable justification for these processes. The results can be used for prediction the environmental state of the soil under anthropogenic pollution
The article is devoted to the study of the spatial
distribution of air temperature, precipitation and their
ratio in the form of moisturizing factor of the Mayma
river basin. Calculations of the vertical and horizontal
gradients are hold. Cartographic models of the
distribution basic climatic indices are also constructed
Prospects of development of oil-extracting branch of the Krasnodar region are connected with continuation of prospecting works and search drilling in a zone of transit of the Kuban River and water areas of the Black and Azov seas. In the existing normative documents about technical researches we didn't find reflection of the rule of works on platforms of capital construction of wells on the earth and in transitional conditions. The technique of studying of engineering-geological features of territories of oil and gas fields is offered. Regional and zone factors of engineering-geological conditions of oil and gas fields are established. Engineering-geological structures are allocated. Additional types of technical researches are defined