Name
Khrustalev Evgeny Yurievich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Central Economics and Mathematics Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow
Web site url
—
—
Articles count: 39
The article examines the role of innovation in enhancing
the competitiveness of individual firms (enterprises), and
accelerate the growth of the national economy. The aim
of this work is to identify and analyze the relationship
between innovation and export performance. To achieve
it evaluated Russia's innovation capabilities, take into
account the risk associated with high exposure to the
domestic economy from the export of fuel and energy
products, the comparison of scientific-technical state of
Russia with other countries on such indicators as the
inclusion of human and financial resources in research
and development work, the level of exports of
technology-intensive goods and services
Problems of formation and evaluation of the
feasibility of the plans and programs of development
of high-tech products aerospace are both relevant
and meaningful. To accelerate progress in the field
of production of innovative aviation technology we
have offered an improved method of program
planning, which has been extended with
comprehensive tools for identifying, assessing and
managing risks objectively exist in the field of
aeronautical engineering with a long life cycle. The
authors have reviewed the basis for the development
of plans and programs for the development of
modern aircraft, the basic stages of formation of
plans for its establishment; formulated
methodological principles for the definition to be
included in the work plans; built formalized
procedure to account risks arising from the
implementation of prepared plans. Practical use of
this new method and its tool for implementation will
improve the efficiency of the process of substitution
of imported aircraft equipment in the domestic
counterparts
Decision-making requires a thorough analysis of the
external environment in which the economic system
operates. Anti-Russian economic sanctions is
significantly destabilized external environment that
has complicated the task of making decisions on
management of the enterprise. This study analyzes
the problem of decision making under conditions of
the uncertainty caused by the anti-Russian sanctions,
the conclusion about the limited decision-making
methods based on game theory. The most effective
are management practices supported by information
systems. The article analyzes the current information
technology of managing a company made by
different developers who have already installed their
software products on objects, which are strategic for
the Russian economy. In terms of economic
sanctions, such a situation creates a threat to the
economic security of the country. Based on domestic
developments, it is proposed to construct an
information model of the enterprise, which will
reduce the risks and increase the quality of
managerial decisions. The work presents a structural
scheme of the information model and defines its
objectives and characteristics
The relevance of the theme of this article determines the fact that in modern conditions the sphere of housing and communal services, on the one hand, requires the immediate carrying out of complex modernization of communal infrastructure, and on the other hand, it has every reason to become a breakthrough for sustainable development of the domestic economy. The main elements of management in the sphere of housing and communal services the article defines the housing Fund, as well as many institutional agents engaged in its operation. It is established that housing and functioning municipal infrastructure have a significant physical and moral deterioration. Its presence negatively impacts on the quality provided to the population for consumption of housing services. We have identified the most significant factors and the degree of their influence on the development of innovative potential of the sphere of housing and communal services. The article substantiates the necessity of accounting these factors when developing economic and mathematical models for institutional agents of housing and communal services to make optimal decisions in conditions of uncertainty and enabling them to improve the quality of housing and communal services. Features of formation of economic-mathematical models were taken out of the scope of this article. We have defined a number of the most promising areas for carrying out of complex modernization of communal infrastructure of housing and communal services on the basis of introduction of new economic mechanisms, economic-mathematical models and instrumental methods that increase the quality of housing and communal services
The relevance of an effective system of professional
development for science-intensive and high-tech
industries demonstrates not only the need to promptly
respond to the global challenges of the modern
economy, but also the presence of professionals able to
reform the Russian economy in conditions of adverse
effects of the sanctions. The leading role in these
processes is assigned to highly qualified staff, which is
formed in the process of training specialists within the
system of continuous professional education and
training (CPEandT). Expansion of the use of the
system of CPEandT in modern educational technology
(MET) opens new possibilities for advanced training
and monitoring of this process by formalizing
mechanisms of didactic content. We have developed
specific mechanisms of formalization of the bestknown
relationship between the information flow of
didactic content and scope of knowledge of
professional disciplines plan of professional
development, as well as the possibility of their use for the monitoring of the process. The article discloses
mechanisms of formalization of the process of
professional development for science-intensive and
high-tech industries, which will actively contribute to
their successful implementation and monitoring
Realization of the objects set in the Strategy of
innovative development of the Russian Federation
depends on the level of resource providing the projects
and programs entering it. In this work, types of
resources and a possibility of their effective use are
analyzed. Russia possesses practically all types of
natural resources and the labor potential necessary for a
country conclusion in leaders of world economy. The
problem consists in inefficient use of these resources,
which are distributed in the directions, deadlock for our
country. During the analysis which is carried out by
means of production function it is established that
return from investments into mining industry is much
lower, than from capital investments in the productions
which are turning out competitive, innovative products
with high value added. Important task is distribution of
resources in the priority directions of Strategy among
which there is no astronautics, of a nuclear power
engineering, aircraft, those branches where still there is
a scientific and technical reserve and there were
qualified personnel. The analysis of historical
experience showed that the country achieved the
greatest success in post-war years when command
methods carried out mobilization of all necessary
resources for achievement of a goal. In the modern
market conditions it is offered to finance the initial
stages of life cycle of innovative projects from public
funds, and on closing stages to raise funds from
investors by means of tools of public-private
partnership
The need for rapid informatization of the sphere of
education in Russia it is one of the important areas of
the reform. Through the use of modern pedagogical
technology (MPT) it is possible to implement new
opportunities of learning and skills to a broad
contingent of students. These circumstances
predetermine the high relevance and importance of
scientific topics of this article. In the article the authors
show the prospect of the transition from reproductive
to creative models of organization of educational
process on the basis of the opportunities MPT. If the
first model was characterized by personal contact with
trained teachers, for the second model in the process of
«transmission» of knowledge we actively involved
creativity trainees. In addition, the article indicated the
place and role of electronic educational resources
(EER) as part of the MPT, and the results of the
comparative analysis of new and traditional
technologies for the development of EER. It is proved
that the introduction of the EER within the MPT in the
educational process contributes to its efficiency and
radically changes the interaction of the leading
teachers of universities with an enrollment
Based on risk analysis and consequences of the
accidents which have happened to the space equipment
from the moment of the beginning of an active phase of
space activity, the authors have come to a conclusion
that initial stages of life cycle of the project, namely
start and a conclusion to an orbit of artificial Earth
satellites are subject to the greatest risks. Further
functioning of the spacecraft in an orbit is accompanied
by much smaller risks, and the least risky are works on
service of land infrastructure, processing and
information transfer to consumers. Methods of
economic protection, which provide acceptance or
transfer for a certain payment of risks are not always
acceptable for an initial stage of the space project – start
and removal into a satellite orbit. Authors suggest
evading whenever possible from similar risks for what
it is necessary to reduce starts for the benefit of foreign
customers. The research of structure of the world space
market has shown that such kinds of activity as
production of land space infrastructure and rendering
services of satellite communication and broadcasting
are the most demanded. The market of starting services
is gradually reduced in connection with miniaturization
of the equipment of satellites and high specific risks of
start. The policy of Roskosmos is focused generally on
preservation of leadership in starting services which
differ in high risks, to the detriment of creation of own
satellite group capable to render a wide range of space
services to foreign partners. Change of reference points
of the strategy of development of the domestic spacerocket
industry towards highly profitable and least risky
types of space activity is offered
The article describes a new approach to the assessment
of the economic system. The authors propose to assume
that the system grows, if its share in the world
production increases. For the qualitative assessment, we
have offered to analyze the dynamics of growth of
exports of products with high benefit to the foreign
countries, which include engineering goods, defense,
manufacturing materials. On the world market of hightech
products, we have the stiff competition and the
growth of exports of domestic products with high
benefit indicates high level of innovation. Based on the
analysis of available statistical data, we revealed a
correlation between exports of innovative products, the
volumes of financing research and development and
foreign direct investment in the national economy. It
was determined foreign capital has a negative impact on
exports of products with high benefit. The authors
proposed a two-factor regression model, which allows
you to make short-term forecasts and allocate resources.
The study showed that despite the ongoing economic
sanctions and unsuccessful economic reforms in the
past, Russia has a high potential for innovation, which
is activated when reducing the influence of foreign
capital. Attempts to isolate the Russian economic
system led to the mobilization of resources and the
growth of innovation activity of domestic business
In connection with the informatization of production,
scientific-technical, social and public activities, the
emergence of the digital economy, there is a need to
protect effectively sensitive and confidential data. The
solution to the problem of creation of system of
information security becomes particularly relevant and
significant, since with the advent of complex automated
information systems significantly increased the quantity
of information stored in the computing device, in single
databases have become integrated information for
various purposes, greatly expanded the number of users
having access to the information resources of the
enterprise. In the article, we have proposed and
scientifically based conceptual foundation and
principles of construction of modern system of
protecting information files to manufacturing
enterprises, which constitute commercial secret, from
damage and unauthorized access. We have identified
the information that requires protection from
competitors and intruders, identified infrastructure their
protection and the mechanisms for their own reliable
operation of protective systems. It is shown that the
objects to be protected from potential internal and
external threats and illegal acts are staff, material,
financial and intellectual resources, means and systems
of informatization and protection of all types of
resources. The basic principles of information security
production of the enterprise are the mutual
responsibility of management and staff, legitimacy,
cooperation with law enforcement bodies, maintenance
of optimum balance of interests of the company and the
individual