Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article provides a review of domestic patent information on the effectiveness of using modern probiotic feed additives in pig farming practice. The inclusion of probiotic feed additives in the diets of pigs is aimed at excluding pathogenic and opportunistic microflora from the intestinal microbiocenosis, increasing the productive action of feed and intensifying metabolic and immune processes in the organism. The introduction of probiotic feed additives into the diet of pregnant sow and suckling pigs, as well as weaned piglets, allows achieving high indicators for the safety and productivity of young animals, which is very important for the cost-effective development of production. The ability of probiotic feed additives to normalize the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of newborn piglets provides increased resistance to mass gastrointestinal diseases, as well as increasing the safety and viability of piglets. Thus, probiotic feed additives are an important component of the modern diet of farm animals at all stages of their development. At the same time, the most popular and effective for modern pig farming are multicomponent probiotic feed additives that contain a complex of probiotic cultures with different biological effects on the organism, sorbents that often act as prebiotics, enzyme preparations and other biologically active substances that provide a positive multifunctional effect on the organism of farm animals

The article analyzes the patented in different countries methods of using of the ionizing radiation in processes of storing and processing of plant materials. Description of nature of the radioactive treatment and the ionizing radiation is given; examples of possible sources of the ionizing radiation are listed. Advantages and disadvantages of the radioactive treatment are shown. The patent search in databases of the WIPO was carried out. Patents, registered in countries like Korea, China, Japan, etc., were analyzed. Methods, realization of which allows sterilizing of material and increasing its storing period, and also improving its processing, were systematized. The carried out survey of the patent documentation revealed, that at the present time there is quite a number of methods of using of the ionizing radiation in storing and processing of plant materials, which can be explained by the fact, that irradiation allows to solve quite effectively a number of important tasks, such as sterilizing the material and modifying chemical substances in its content. In the article it is also shown, that, nevertheless, issues of safety and quality of irradiated products have not yet been fully resolved. In the end, the conclusion was made about the relevance of further research in this field

To determine the mass fraction of linolenic acid in flax seed oil the authors developed a rapid method based on the pulse method of nuclear magnetic resonance with the use of NMR analyzers low resolution. This method has some significant advantages compared with the known method on the basis of chromatographic method for the determination of the mass fraction of linolenic acid in the oil extracted from the seeds of flax, namely, does not require additional sample preparation (extracting oil by solvent), eliminates the use of toxic chemicals, requires a much lower investment of time to conduct a single analysis, highly automated, and eliminates the influence of human factor on the research results. The method is based on the revealed correlation between the weighted average time spin-spin relaxation of protons contained in the triacylglycerols of the oil of the flax seed, and a mass fraction of linolenic acid in the seed oil at a temperature of 23ºc. In article results of research of influence of temperature on the weighted average time spin-spin relaxation of protons contained in the flax seed oil. Installed directly proportional linear relationship between the temperature of flax seeds and measured the average time spin-spin relaxation of protons oil contained in the flax seeds with the correlation coefficient is 0,930, the temperature change of the sample of seeds at 1 ° C leads to the change of the coefficient is 0.011 kt. The developed methodaccuracy in the temperature range from 20 to 26 ºC

The article analyzes the existing technologies and methods of storage of tubers of topinambur. We have analyzed the traditional methods of storage of tubers of topinambur - in containers, boxes or bags in storage or in the ground clamps. Russian and foreign topinambur tubers storage technologies in modified atmosphere, with use of easily removable wax coating, with plant extracts treatment, at different storage temperatures are studied. We have also carried out analysis of scientific and patent sources led to the conclusion that existing technologies and methods of storing topinambur tubers, which do not allow reducing to the maximum extent the weight loss and the inulin hydrolysis during storage. A reasonable conclusion was made about the advisability of further studies in the field of innovative technologies and methods of preparation for storage and storage of topinambur tubers, ensuring minimal weight loss, as well as maximum preservation in their structure of inulin, vitamin C and other biologically active substances during storage

A selection of food additives for the enrichment of waffle products was made. Food additive "Powder from tubers of Jerusalem artichoke" is distinguished by a high content of inulin - 46.21%. Low-fat sunflower lecithin contains a significant amount of phospholipids (98.29%). The influence of the joint application of food additives "Powder from the tubers of Jerusalem artichoke" and nonfat sunflower lecithin on the technological properties of the wafer test was studied. It is established that the introduction of the food additive "Powder from the tubers of Jerusalem artichoke" together with defatted sunflower lecithin, instead of the traditional soybean, allows to reduce the viscosity of the wafer test. When introduced into wafer dough, the dosage of defatted sunflower lecithin can be reduced, compared to soybean, from 0.4 to 0.2% by weight of flour

The article analyzes the ways of ensuring a stable quality of vegetable raw materials in the process of storage and use of biopreparations patented in Russia and abroad. The search was conducted in the period from 1995 to 2015 on the databases of the patent agencies of the Russian Federation, the United States, Japan and the European Patent Organization. We have systematized the patented methods, the implementation of which can increase the shelf life of vegetable raw materials. The study led to the conclusion of the usefulness of developing innovative ways of ensuring a stable quality of vegetable raw materials in the process of storage using biopreparations

In recent decades, Russia has increased the demand for high oleic sunflower oil and, consequently, for the raw material from which it is derived – high oleic sunflower seeds. Currently existing methods of control of mass fraction of oleic acid in the seed oil of sunflower, have significant drawbacks, due to which sharply raises the question of the development of the Express methods of control of mass fraction of oleic acid. The study presents the results of determining the mass fraction of oleic acid in the oil of sunflower seeds, obtained by known methods (GC and ri), and developed a method based on NMR. The developed method of determining the mass fraction of oleic acid in sunflower seed oil has a number of advantages compared with the known: is not destructive (does not require the extraction of oil from seeds), does not require special sample preparation excludes the use of toxic chemicals, the analysis duration is 5 minutes, ensuring high representativeness of the sample, and the simplicity and automation of the analysis process reduces the requirements for qualifications of laboratory personnel. The developed method of determining the mass fraction of oleic acid in the oil of sunflower seeds can be carried out simultaneously with the determination of oil and moisture content of seeds on commercially available analyzers, but I hope it 1006М, which is currently applied at more than 250 companies of oil and fat industry

Long-term storage of fruits can be achieved by means of their special preparation by pre-treatment before storage by electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency (ELF EMF). In the current study patterns of influence of ELF EMF pre-treatment of fruits on the effectiveness of reducing microbial contamination during storage for the development of effective technological modes of preparation of fruits before storage are revealed. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of microbial contamination of the fruits’ surface were studied. Effective modes of fruits (apples and pears) treatment by ELF EMF were established - for apples: frequency - 22 Hz, current - 10 A for 40 minutes, and for pears: frequency - 26 Hz, current - 5 A for 50 minutes, allowing to reduce to the maximum extent the microbial contamination of their surface, and also to reduce the loss of their weight from microbial spoilage during storage. The terms of storage of processed by ELF EMF fruits under refrigeration were established - for apple varieties Idared and Golden Delicious - within 8 months, for pear variety Conference - for 7 months

Technologies of fruits storing known at the present time, solving actual problems – slowing down biochemical processes, inhibiting ethylene synthesis, do not provide fully the preservation of quality of fruits due to not taking into consideration the peculiarities of microflora of fruits and microbiological processes, taking place during storage. Purpose of the research: investigation of influence of complex treatment of fruits with electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency (ELF EMF) and the biopreparation “Vitaplan” on changing of losses of biologically active substances in the process of longterm storage. Objects of the research: apples of the Idared variety and pears of the Conference variety, regionalized in the Krasnodar region. Mass shares of the vitamin C and P-active substances were measured in the process of storing. ELF EMF treatment was conducted on an experimental installation. Fruits were exposed to the action of electromagnetic fields with specified parameters. Complex treatment of fruits (apples and pears) with ELF EMF and the biopreparation “Vitaplan” before dispatching for storage allows preserving the biologically active substances – the vitamin C and P-active substances – to the maximum degree. Synergetic effect, appearing due to the complex action of electromagnetic field and the bio-preparation, allows decreasing the processing time in the electromagnetic field

The article presents data, on the basis of which we have concluded that the oil and phospholipids contained in soy lecithins, the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids differ significantly from oil and phospholipids contained in sunflower lecithins, with differences in the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids of oil and phospholipids contained in sunflower and soy lecithins, leads to differences in the content of resonating protons, and, consequently, the level of amplitude values of NMR signals of protons of the investigated lecithins. It is established that the values of the amplitudes of the NMR signals of protons of each of the four components of sunflower lecithins differ from the values of the amplitudes of the NMR signals of protons the component of soy lecithins, which confirms the differences in the composition and content of fatty acids lecithins studied. Considering quantitative characteristic of mass fraction of substances insoluble in acetone, i.e. phospholipids, is the sum of the amplitudes of the NMR signals of protons of the third (A3) and fourth (A4) component, was built the graphical dependence of the mass fraction of substances insoluble in acetone, from the value of (A3+A4)/ASIS, % which is described by the equation (correlation coefficient R2 =0,9911) of the following form: y=0,8177x +2.52. Based on these data, we have developed a rapid method of determining the mass fraction of substances insoluble in acetone, soy lecithin, eliminating the use of toxic organic solvents, is environmentally safe, which is protected by RF patent for the invention