BARLEY LEAF RUST (PUCCINIA HORDEI OTTH. PATHOGEN) IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS: SPREAD AND RASE COMPOSITION
The spread of barley dwarf rust pathogen has been studied in five agro-climatic zones of North Caucasus in 2012-2013. The race composition of the North Caucasian pathogen population was identified
The river Chelbas – is the steppe river passing through all Chelbasskaya village of the Kanevsky area. Selting of small rivers leads to rise in level of ground waters and bogging of flood plains which become unsuitable for any use. Harmful influence can conduce coming in a reservoir of a large number of suspensions. Suspensions increase water turbidity, reduce depth of penetration of sunshine, i.e. reduce a layer in which there is a photosynthesis that conducts to decrease of primary production of a waterway and deficiency of oxygen. The increase in ground rainfall can lead to change of fauna of a benthos, a silting of spawning areas, death from suffocation of have already spawned caviar of fishes. Research of the right river bank of Chelbas in the territory of stanitsa Chelbasskaya included studying of qualitative structure of wood, shrubby and grassy vegetation of a coastal strip, visual assessment of its state and definition of the general projective covering. In the lower current of these rivers the mineralization raises to 3-5 g/l. It speaks, apparently, by that the water containing alluvial deposits in the top parts of valleys have higher filtrational properties better are washed out, than on surrounding watersheds and slopes, and also down valleys. Works on bank protection will improve a condition of a right-bank strip of river Chelbas
Soil degradation (erodere – eat away, lat.) - a process
when pieces of rocks and soil are separated from their
initial location. Then transferred and deposited in
some new place. The factors of erosion are water,
wind, landslides, rock particles and etc. Erosion is the
process of destruction and demolition of the soil cover
(or parent rocks) by flows of water or wind which
causes depletion of fertile top soil layer. The destruction
of this layer occurs quickly, and for its restoration
thousand years are required. Reduction of soil fertility
is one of the main problems that are associated with
its pollution. Erosion is a natural process that occurs
very slowly ever since the Earth was formed (about
45-50 billion years ago). Realistically, mountains,
valleys, plains and deltas on the Earth's surface have
been created by water and wind erosion as a result of
their joint action over a long period of time. Geological
erosion was acted at a slow pace for hundreds of
years. When humans appeared it occurred to be an
invasion of species which could transform their natural
environment. An artificial type of erosion, which
acts much faster than the natural erosion, was formed
because of human
The article presents the results of three years of
researches conducted at the Department of Viticulture
of Kuban State Agrarian University, to study the
processes of shoots and rooting of the three-bud
cuttings of grapes of Pervenets Magaracha, Podarok
Magaracha and Cytrony Magaracha of the selection of
Magarach Institute of Grape and Wine. The area of
these varieties, which are inter-specific hybrids, in the
Krasnodar region is more than 2 thousands hectares.
The cuttings were rooted in sawdust in a greenhouse
on a heated rack. It was found, that the regenerative
capacity of cuttings was strongly dependent on the
method of their storage prior to installation on the
germination. The best results were obtained in the case
when cuttings had been stored in the refrigerator
before starting the experiment. The lowest impact of
the way to store cuttings was on the percentage of
cuttings with blossoming eyes, and the largest - the
length of the shoots, the output of the cuttings with at
least 3 of the roots, and the average number of roots
developed on one cutting. Rooting of cuttings and
their growth with three and more roots were different
over the years for the varieties of Pervenets
Magaracha and Cytrony Magaracha, in favor of one
sort or another, but the average 3-year difference
between varieties was not significant. On average, in
two or three years, the maximum number of roots
appeared in the variety of Cytrony Magaracha, which
was a bit ahead of Pervenets Magaracha. The
difference in the number of cuttings formed at the
roots was authentic. Correlation analysis showed that
the closest relationship to the performance of the
rooting ability of cuttings was found in the length of
the shoots. The level and the nature of the identified
correlations suggests that the rooting ability of the
cuttings of the varieties of Pervenets Magaracha was
determined primarily by hormonal activity, Podarok Magaracha by its supply of plastic substances, and
Cytrony Magaracha had equally both factors
The isolation of E.coli phages from samples of natural
and waste water obtained during expeditions in the
different regions of Russian Federation was carried
out. The obtained phages (286 isolates) were tested for
their ability to lyse the pathogenic strains of E. coli –
pathogenic agents of pig colibacteriosis in Krasnodar
region. The study was conducted of their ability to
phage transduction, the molecular-genetic
characterization and biotechnological parameters of
selected bacteriophages. For first experimental design
of veterinary drugs was selected 5 coliphages having no ability of plasmids transduction. It has been shown
that all the investigated phages are representatives of
T4-type phages of family Myoviridae. The reported
study was partially supported by RFBR, research
projects No. 08-04-99111, 09-04-10132, 16-44-
230855
Properties of forest seeds are the basic and initial data for substantiate technology and technical means constructions, to separate the seeds from the samaras and extraction them from the legumes, and also to substantiate constructive, technological parameters and operating modes of seed-cleaning machines. So far, there are not enough full information about the technological and mechanical properties of forest seeds, this makes it difficult substantiation and developing new technologies and technical means, in particular, to separate the seeds from samaras hardwoods and extracting legumes from the leguminous trees. The article presents the results of studies of technological and mechanical properties of forest seeds with samara and without pterygoid appendages: Norway maple, ash and elm ordinary, as well as legumes: honey locust, white acacia, acacia yellow and pure seed. Were studied: weight of 1000 seeds, volume weight, mass and volume coefficients, angle of repose, the coefficient of static friction and the coefficient of dynamic friction of the various working surfaces, holding strength samaras to forest seeds and strength of legumes pods. The data obtained are used for substantiate technology and technical means constructions, to separate the seeds from the samaras and extraction them from the pericarp
Studies of ecosystems allow estimation of difficult processes (physical, chemical and biological), taking place in them and determine how to manage them. At the heart of the natural systems there are freely interacting populations of different taxons, productivity of their above-ground structures, details of which are quite limited, and as underground systems, the data have even less information. In the late 60s and early 70s in the XX century a lot of information appeared associated with problems of environment, its pollution, lack of energy of food resources, clean water; it determined the root cause of the reaction of the population of developed countries on the aggravation of relations between society of people and habitat. Existed for a long time the concept of the exploitation of nature, which reflected on using soils, forests, water and other sources and which showed the power of mankind and its technical power over nature. In reality, this concept was just a common strategy of aphids sucking their environment. Understanding the real situation on the different levels of consciousness of the population defined situation of practical and scientific research in the field of ecology of different directions - chemical, biological, mathematical and other sciences. Development of ecology today will evolve to meet conservation and sustainable development of the biosphere, which experiencing constant anthropogenic pressure. An important problem of agrolandscape systems is an objective assessment of their productivity. Among the issues that determine the development of agricultural systems there are the natural conditions and soil fertility, crop dynamics over the years, the duration of the growing season of individual taxons, as well as the possibility of create of mixed crops, different type of life form, ecological features, physiological diversity of biochemical characteristics. Sowings this type allow, under certain conditions, obtaining stable yields under any climate dynamics and significant reduction of soil erosion. Combined sowing that is practiced in South East Asia, particularly in China, where the main components are the soybean and corn. The usefulness of mixed crops is the stability of yields over the years and the ability to emphasize their resistance to dry weather conditions
The flora of Yakutia is rich in medicinal plants. Many
of these plants are not still studied totally. The species
Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) is one of the most popular
family which are widely used by the local population
for therapeutic purposes. Medicals use the rhizome and
roots of Rhodiola rosea as a source of medicinal raw
materials. This means the removal and destruction of
plants. The procurement should be carried out solely
on the basis of plants grown in culture because of the
rarity and few natural reserves of the species. R. rosea
L. passes a full cycle of the sprouts, blossoming and
bearing fruits during the introduction in the conditions
of Central Yakutia. The weather conditions of the year
influence on the rate of development and growth
processes very strong. The experiments determination
of the germination of local reproductions were
negative. The sprouts grow very good. In this case, it is
good possibility of intense vegetative reproduction of
Rhodiola. The evaluation of stability of introduction
may be attributed to the kind of group stability. The
great potential and adaptive capacity of R. rosea
significantly enhances the possibility of growing this
species under conditions of the Central Yakutia. It is
recommended to improve and elaborate of protection
of natural populations and unique plant communities
This review article highlights a new method of DNA extraction from herbarium leaves of grapes for use in PCR-analysis
There are changes in almost all the properties of
chernozems under locally overmoistening. In
general, changes in the properties and conditions of
chernozems under the development of local wetlands
went in a particular way, regardless of the
peculiarities of soil formation factors and causes
waterlogging. The most noticeable change is the
transformation of physical properties of soil and
organic matter status. According to our research,
more quickly and clearly excessive moisture causes a
change in the physical properties of the soil. There
are changes of the structural state, bulk density and
amount of water-stable aggregates. The significant
change is the transformation of soil organic matter.
There is increasing of total humus content. In a
group composition, the fraction of humic and fulvic
acids increases the share. The humus profile is
stretched. In the majority of cases in investigated
soils was diagnosed secondary salinization. The
periodic waterlogging of the soil also contributes to
the change in the amount of soil carbonates and their
distribution in the profile. Chernozems gradually lose
calcium, the main structurant and humates maker.
Among the most studied soil of Zernogradsky region
in the cationic part of the prevailing spot goes
sodium. In addition, the narrowing ratio of calcium
to magnesium was observed. That is the hallmark of
the aqueous extract of locally overmoistening soils