In the work, we present the results of the investigation
of acute toxicity of bio humates obtained by the method
vermicultivation on laboratory animals. In the diets
of farm animals and Pets to fill in the missing nutrients
in the past years, we had an extensive use of various
feed additives. Among them, mineral (macro - and
micronutrients), protein and fat supplements, vitamins,
biostimulants, complex natural compounds (sapropel,
peat), synthetic products (enzymes, hormones, antibiotics,
adaptogens, antioxidants). The search for new
ways of improvement and increase of efficiency of
agricultural animals using feed additives with high
demands on ecology of meat and dairy foods naturally
led to increased studies on the use in livestock farming
of water-soluble alkaline salts of natural humic acids -
humates. Their environmental safety and the unique
ability to improve metabolism and increase energy
cells very positively manifested in living organisms.
Numerous studies Russian and foreign scientists installed
a high efficiency natural humates as biostimulators
and immunomodulators in animal husbandry and
veterinary medicine. Accumulated extensive experimental
material, proving that the use of humates leads
to faster growth of animals, reducing morbidity and
mortality, increase the body's resistance to toxins in
feed and resistance to adverse environmental conditions.
Improving with the help of humates ecological
purity of the ecosystems "water — soil — plant", as
well as the health of birds, animals and fish will ultimately
lead to strengthen health and to prolong human
life as a consumer of agricultural products. Currently,
the livestock market is intensively increasing the humates
produced in Russia and abroad from brown coal,
peat, sapropel. A special place among them has been
occupied by the newest formulations because of a
unique combination of safety, efficiency, and value,
which, thanks to its amazing properties to increase energy cells, stimulate vital processes and to enhance
the beneficial effects of other substances called energine.
They are harmless to animals and humans; do not
have allergologie, anaphylactogenic, teratogenic, embryotoxic
and carcinogenic properties when used in
recommended doses. This allows you to create on their
basis organic natural feed additives and veterinary
medicines for agricultural animals, birds, fish, fur animals
and Pets, and preventive and therapeutic drugs
for humans
In the Southern Federal University on the genetic basis
of sunflower inbred line 3629, a collection of plastid
mutants with varying degrees of chlorophyll
deficiency was created by inducing Nnitrosomethylurea.
Chlorophyll content was associated
with their photosynthetic activity. It was found that the
lower the chlorophylls content in mutant plastids, the
lower the sugar concentration in plant tissues. For
example, during the entire period of plant growth for
whites (1.0-3.0 % chlorophylls a+b from control) var-
10, var-17 and yellows (6.0-9.5 % chlorophylls a+b
from control) var-29, var-33 leaf areas of variegated
mutants depending on the development phase and the
content of green pigments are characterized by a low
(2-7 fold) sugar content. Yellow-green (75.5%
chlorophylls a + b from control) leaves of en:chlorina-
7 contain a higher level of carbohydrates, although it is
1.5-2 fold lower than at line 3629. Monosaccharides
are products of hydrolytic reactions catalyzed by β-
glycosidases. It was shown, that the activity level of β-
galactosidase and β-glucosidase exceeded the
corresponding indicators of the control at 1.5-2 and 2-7
fold, respectively. Similarly to enzymes from the
water-soluble fraction, membrane-bound β-
glycosidases also showed increased activity in the
leaves of the investigated mutants, compared to the
control green plants of 3629. Consequently, the
activity of β-glycosidases increases dramatically in
leaf tissues with deficiency of photosynthetic. Thus,
chlorophyll mutations can lead to a change in the
expression of nuclear genes, resulting in a significant
increase in the activity of β-glycosidases in the mutant organelles themselves
Species composition and abundance of soil algal flora
were studied in the Central zone of the Krasnodar region
on crops of crops cultivated by various technologies. In
the algal flora of the studied area, 48 species of soil algae
and cyanobacteria from 28 genera and 18 families, 7
classes and 4 divisions were identified. The largest and
numerous in number of species are the departments:
Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta. Extensive delivery:
Oscillatoria, Gloeocapsa. They account for 22 % of the
total number of species. A negative effect of herbicides on
number and species composition of soil algae was noted.
In all variants of their application there was no form of
Klebsormidium flaccidum (Kützing). The number of
species of Chlorella vulgaris Beyer. was low,
Botrydiopsis arhiza Borzi. It is believed that these species
of algae can be used as bioindicators. The positive effect
of mineral fertilizers and the aftereffect of introducing
organic matter on the soil algal flora have been
established. In these variants the deleterious effect of
herbicides was reduced. According to the calculated
regression equations, the applied mineral fertilizers to a
greater extent weakened the negative effect of herbicides
on the total number of populations than the aftereffect of
introduced organics
INFLUENCE OF COMPLEX COMPOSTS ON DEVELOPMENT OF LIVING ORGANISMS IN TOP LAYERS OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM
Complex compost, which is formed in the process of
unification of organic and mineral colloids, the formation
of new cycles of nutrients, increasing the enzymatic
activity of organic matter and respiration of
living organisms, the formation of gaseous compounds,
increase of ecological niches and land reclamation is a
new direction in practical ecology, agriculture and soil
science. This line determines of creation and use of
complex mixtures of different wastes household, industrial
and agricultural production for enrichment soil of
organic and mineral dispersed and colloidal systems
and improving their physical, chemical and biological
and ecological functions. Formation of complex of
compost is provided by the enrichment of substrate of
organic matter, comprehensive set of mineral substances
and their mixed colloidal composition. Microbial
communities are determined by the level of transformation
of organic matter and activity of life support
system and the variety of living species. Entering into
the top layer of soil of complex compost contributes to
the development and expansion of ecological niches.
At the complex compost it is very active increases the
number of actinomycetes, especially representatives of
the genus Streptomyces, the population of which are
accumulated in the top layer of soil in the summer.
Actinomycetes series of Cinereus were encountered
most often in the soil after introduction of complex
compost, Violaceus and Aureus were allocated less
Professional apple gardening is bound to particular
risks, of which is essential losses of a harvest because
of diseases. An apple scab, the caused Venturia
inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter, brings the greatest
loss. The main approach in monitoring of a scab of an
apple-tree is creation of grades, steady against
pathogen. In the present work we have carried out
phytopathology testing of generations of the seedlings
received from the free pollination of six forms of a
crab of Malus orientalis from a collection MOS VIR
(Maykop) characterized by a relative resistance to the
apple scab in 2-3 classes of damage by long-term data. For infection we used inoculum, consisting both
of natural population of a scab, and of strains of
pathogen of various cultivars and geographical origin.
When carrying out padding infection increase in force
of an infectious background that can be bound to
selection of the plants of biotypes of a fungus that are
most adapted for genotypes was noted. It is
recommended for precise elimination of unstable
plants at selection at early stages of an ontogenesis to
carry out more than one serial infection during the
season. By results of the phytopathological testing,
we highlighted three Malus orientalis forms from the
six studied No. 17982, 17985 and 3080 the most
perspective stability genes for an introgressiya in a
cultural gene pool of an apple tree
Pike inhabits almost all the rivers of the Yakutia
system. It is more widespread in the lakes of YanoIndigirka
and Kolyma lowlands. Objective: To provide
a modern assessment of fish in the main model
reservoirs, create an ecological prognosis and the
possibility of their use in modern conditions. Methods.
The material was collected in the conditions of
anthropogenic pollution. Full general biological
analysis was conducted for the fish. Cruise studies
were conducted covering the northern territories - r.
Anabar, Olenek, Lena, Yana, Indigirka, Kolyma and
Chrome, as well as Vilyuy Dam, from 1969 to 2016.
We used the standard ichthyologic methods of
selection and processing of the collected material.
Results. Because of climate warming, there were
reported pike approaches in the lower reaches of the
river Lena, Yana and Kolyma. Maximum dimensions
were noted earlier in the lower reaches of the river
Lena, where the maximum weight of pike was 18 kg.
The fecundity of 16-211 thousand eggs. It was
revealed, that the catch was better for young pike.
Conclusions. Stocks of pike are in satisfactory
condition, and its reserves are proposed to be
increased, at the expense of unused areas (lakes
Kolymo- Indigirka lowland) up to 220 m. It is
proposed as a fish-breeding facility in Yakutia
reservoirs
Rice fields all over the world are one of the places of invasion of adventive weed species. They can reduce the yield of the rice crop by 20-30%. The phytomonitoring studies in the rice systems of the Krasnodar region in 2017 have discovered a new species of Ammannia coccinea Rottb. (Lythraceae) among the weed vegetation of the grain crops. The article gives a botanical description of the species; its biological and ecological features and ways of its distribution are discussed. Ammannia coccinea is an annual plant, light-loving and hygrophilous. The country of origin is North America. This is one of the most malicious weeds in California and the United States in general. In Asian and European countries, the plant is brought with rice seeds. Currently, in many rice-growing regions of the world, the species A. coccinea tends to spread and increase the severity of infestation. The species was registered in the Krasnodar region in the rice fields of the Abinskiy, Kalininskiy, Krasnoarmeiskiy and Slavyanskiy regions. The number of plants of A. coccinea does not exceed one plant per 10 m2, with the exception of three locations of invasion, where the density is up to 5-7 pcs/m2 and the plants occupy an area about 0.5 hectares. Considering the fact that in rich soils the height of the plant reaches 1 m, with the ramification of the stem, the plants go to the first tier. They successfully compete with rice plants, suppressing their growth and development. This can adversely affect crop yield. The article discusses the reasons for the appearance of A. coccinea in the rice fields of the Krasnodar region
The article is devoted to visual analysis and its application in the selection process. New possibilities of application of visual display of information in the research process are considered. We have presented the examples of the use of visual phenotyping in breeding, evaluated the advantages and disadvantages in this area. In particular, the algorithm of the program of LHDetect for estimating leaf pubescence of wheat wafers is described, based on the analysis of digital images of the sheet bend. We have also considered Phenotiki platform that uses digital images of the profile of plants for visual phenotyping to assess plant growth. Based on the analysis of various studies it was noted that the application of visual analysis for some purposes is very effective, but for others, on the contrary, not effective. We highlight the actual problems of proper representation and converting information. The article shows the various causes of loss and distortion of data, as well as possible solutions to these problems. The work describes the application of ASK-analysis in the selection process. As an example, it describes the evaluation of the polymorphism of variety groups of grapes. We have presented interesting solutions and ways to minimize distortion and loss of information in the process of its transformation found by the authors of these works. The article reveals the concept of "computational biology" and describes fundamental differences from other areas as well as tasks, problems, possible research areas and promising directions of development of computer biology
Vasily Nosulchak, the newest complex-resistant tableless seedless grape variety, was bred in Greece by Pantelei Zamanidi and Leonid Troshin in 2013 by crossing the Talisman variety with the Yanaky variety. The created variety is a complex inter-species Euro-American-Amur hybrid. The duration of the production period is 146-155 days. The growth of shoots is strong. The degree of grapevine maturing high. Yield is very high. Percentage of fruit-bearing shoots 90. Average weight of bunches 900 g. It is stainable for high winter hardiness, drought resistance and increased resistance to fungal diseases, tolerant to phylloxera. The top of the young shoot is green without pubescence. Young shoots are green, without pubescence. The flower is hermaphroditic. The cluster is large, conical, branching, winged, of medium density. The berry is medium-sized, short elliptical, green-yellow. Peel is thin, strong. The pulp is juicy, with a varietal flavor. The sugar content is high. Rudiments of seeds are soft. The variety is intended for fresh consumption and kishmish production. The table high-yielding seedless variety Vasiliy Nosulchak in terms of winter hardiness, resistance to diseases and pests significantly exceeds all Eurasian varieties of table and kishmish designation. Can be used as a table grapevine for fresh consumption on site and for export, as well as for the production of high-quality dried products. As a winter-hardy variety, it is very promising for cultivation in covered viticulture zones, where table varieties require shelter for the winter. It is of great interest for selection work in breeding frost-resistant, diseases and pests of seedless varieties. To determine the influence of different ecological conditions on the growth, development, quantity and quality of the crop, the variety must be tested on all continents in different ecological and geographical areas of cultivation - in the grapes producing countries of America, Eurasia, Australia, Africa
The article provides information about phytochemical
investigation, medical and nutritional importance of
fruits of Capparisherbacea L. including
CapparaceaeJuss. family in the area of the Nakhchıvan
Autonomous Republic. Some solvents had been applied,
fruit and leave extracts had been bought. The
purification and identification of content of plant
extracts had been investigated with spectroscopic and
chromotographic methods. The saponins, carotinoids,
chlorophyll pigments and flavonoids had been revealed
in the content of extracts. The extracts have been
acquired from fruits of this species by use of polar and
nonpolar solvents and the composition of extracts have
been studied with different applied methods. The
column and thin layer chromatography carried out in
order to purification of contents and extracts were
fractionation and Rf values were calculated