Agro-technological operations, achieved in the specialized fruit tree nurseries are directed toward the optimization of the seedlings cultivation conditions. The agro-chemicals application is one of the most important technological questions in production system. The method of the complex use of physiologically active materials with the nourishing salts is directed, in the first place, toward the development of the healthy, actively functioning assimilation apparatus of the perennial plant, whose task – the balanced increase and the formation of reproductive organs already in the early stages of ontogenesis. In the article the results of work on introduction into the flow chart of the production of the apple tree landing material of bio stimulants and fertilizers of the directional effect are represented. Positive effect from the introduction into the diagram of nourishing salts of stamp N20P8K8+1,5Mg+9S in different combinations with the preparations: «lignogumat» of sodium, «lignogumat» of potassium, by ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, by the natural stimulator of an increase «Silk» it was reflected in the level of the plants security of with mineral elements, it contributed to an increase on 5,7-10,2 % the diameter of trunk; the height of seedlings exceeded index in the control on 4,9-6,2 %
The analysis of varietal and age structure of vineyards occupied by 29 varieties and clones of the technical direction of use in the "Alushta" branch of FSUE "PJSC "Massandra". Taking into account the ecological and climatic conditions of the Alushta valley and the specialization of the economy, the largest share in the assortment of technical varieties is occupied by red grape varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon and clones of Cabernet Sauvignon R5, R8, VCR8, No. 169 including (26.68%), Bastardo Magarachsky and Bastardo clone VCR1 (12.06%), Saperavi (7.33%), Krasnostop zolotovsky (5.69%), Merlot and clone Merlot R3 (4.62 %). White varieties are in a smaller percentage: white Muscat and white Muscat clone R3 (8.47 %), white Kokur (7.1%), Aligote (3.82%), Semillon and clones Semillon № 173 and № 299 (3.68%), Gars level (2.99%). Plantings in the most productive age of 6-10 and 11-15 years are 57.5 % of the total area. At the same time, the share of introduced clones of varieties accounts for 26.65 %. In general, the age structure of the vineyards is favorable. The company produces high quality wine materials for production of traditional Federal state unitary enterprise "PJSC "Massandra" wines: white Port Alushta, Alushta red Port, pink Port Alushta, Alushta red Table, Pinot Gris, Massandra, Madera Crimean Alushta Tokay, white Muscat, Massandra Kokur, Semillon Alushta and sherry wine. In addition, there are new brands of semi-sweet white and red wines Pearl Massandra, as well as varietal wine materials Aligote, Cabernet, Sauvignon, Merlot, Saperavi, Chardonnay, Bastardo and Semillon. Analysis of the assortment shows that in the production plantings of "Alushta" branch of FSUE "PJSC "Massandra" there are varieties of medium and late ripening, which does not create peaks during harvesting and processing, ensuring uniform flow of raw materials for winemaking. It is necessary to expand the assortment of the economy due to a number of promising varieties of Syrah, Petit Verdot, Malbec, Sangiovese and others with a complex of economically valuable properties introduced from other regions
Modern domestic tomato hybrid should be competitive with tomato hybrids of foreign selection. To create a model of a future hybrid, a collection of modern tomato hybrids of domestic and foreign selection presented on the seed market was investigated. During the study, a modern method of genetic study of the genotype of tomato Real-Time PCR was used. As a result of the study, a model of a modern tomato hybrid with tolerance to powdery mildew of tomato was described. In the future, it is planned to carry out breeding work to create such a hybrid. In the course of studying the F1 collection of tomato hybrids, it was found that the modern model of a tomato hybrid should have the following characteristics: a semi-vegetative type of growth with closely spaced internodes, early and medium ripening, a simple type of inflorescence with 4–5 fruits if the average weight of fruit is more than 200 grams; with 6–7 fruits weighing up to 150 grams for collection by tassels. High strength of fruits with the absence of concentric and radial cracking, suitable for long-distance transportation, is required. In the genotype of the modern hybrid model, in addition to tomato powdery mildew resistance (Oidiun lycopersici), it is necessary to have a complex of resistance genes to such diseases as tobacco mosaic virus (Tomato mosaic tobamovirus), Fusarium oxysporum, verticillosis wilt of the tomato; ), brown spot of tomato (Cladosporium fulvum). It is also desirable the presence of a gene of resistance to the yellow leaf curl virus of tomato (Tomato yellow leaf curl virus) and the gall nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)
As a result of 12-year research, we define the influence of management and control factors on the population of pests and disease damage of four varieties of winter wheat KNIISH of PP Lukyanenko in order to optimize the plant protection factor. The quantitative characteristics of populations of pests and diseases essentially depend on the agronomist and weather predictors. It has been established that for 8 years the population of winter wheat by the larvae of the piano was higher than the EPO and the protection has been important economic and agro-politic. The maximum population of ears of wheat thrips was observed in 2009, 2010, 2013 and 2014 and amounted to 24.2-35.3 specimens / ear, which was the basis for the use insecticides. With optimal weather predictors in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, the population of ears of larvae of wheat mosquito (without plant protection) was from 15.3 to 19.0 specimens / ear, which is higher than the EPO. Monitoring of the dynamics the development of diseases allowed conclusion that the state of the population of pathogens is limited by the levels of fertility and mineral nutrition and weather predictors. The isolation of the values of these indicators in different periods of development of pests allows to optimize the implementation of operational measures with the contribution of the plant protection factor to the productivity of winter wheat from 7 to 42%
The generalized long-term experience on creation of base of Queen cells in grape varieties, improved in vitro culture, on the sandy array of Ust-Donetsk district of Rostov region. Problems frequently encountered on sandy soils and ways of their solution are shown. We focus on: rehabilitation of the landing of plants of grapes in the conditions of greenhouses, open ground, the optimum time and methods of planting. The work shows the effectiveness of different dressings and types of fertilizers, influence of drugs of new generation, affected the uterine protection of plantations from pests and disease, deep sandy soils freezing in winter, especially the development of root system of different varieties. On the basis of generalization of long-term data, we suggest the most appropriate solutions, and developed technology bookmarks and conducting basic queen cells from healthy in vitro planting material of grapes in the sandy array
For the first time results of researches on potential productivity and environmental role of hayfields in the Indigirka river basin (Momskiy district) are presented. Researches proved that feeding meadow plants in conditions of the Indigirka river basin, depending on the type of vegetation, location and features of root systems, provide maximum crop productivity – up to 18,5 dt/ha of hay with productivity of 1 ha for harvesting exchange energy up to 16,1 gigajoule, fodder units 1130 and crude protein up to 209 kg maximal underground mass accumulation of meadow plants was formatted in the region of Indigirka and Khonuu – mixed and squirreltail barley (hordeum jubatum) hayfield up to 193,6 dt/ha, dry matter and carex duriuscula and squirreltail barley hayfield up to 252,2 dt/ha with the majority of roots in layer 0-10 cm. up to 76-88%. Field of Khonuu, with mixed and squirreltail barley hayfield, contained underground nitrogen – up to 33 kg/ha and labile phosphorus – up to 71 kg/ha. Increased accumulation of labile phosphorus root mass provides enhancement of cold resistance ability in conditions of the subarctic zones of Yakutia
The results of the researches on studying of grape plantings processing influence of technical grade Viorika on its agrobiological and technological indicators are stated in the article. Experiences have been conducted in public joint-stock company "Pobeda" in Temrjuksky area in Krasnodar territory. The experience scheme included three variants in 2015: without processings (control); Farmaiodne - 0,04 %; Farmaiodne - 0,06 %; in 2016 - five variants: without processings (control); Farmaiodne - 0,04 %; Farmaiodne - 0,05 %; Farmaiodne - 0,06 %; Farmaiodne - 0,08 %. Processing of experimented plants included autumn and spring bushes washing in resting period (November-April) and spraying during the vegetation period. In 2015 spraying were conducted three times: before flowering, in a growth phase of berries, in the beginning of berries maturing phase; in 2016 the fourth spraying was added after the flowering. It is noticed, that application of Farmaiodne promotes more intensive accumulation of sugars in berries juice, acceleration of crop maturing, improvement of winematerials quality. The increasing of sprouts fruitfulness and increasing in average weight of a bunch is observed, that finally leads to authentic crop increasing in a bush and productivity. Application of Farmaiodne also has positive impact on growing processes, promoting increase in sprouts length and sometimes on thickness. According to the mixture of agrobiological and technological indicators the best results are received at the application in concentration of 0,05 % and 0,06%
Intensive viticulture as a sub-branch of the grape-wine industry of agriculture is developing due to the introduction of modern scientific developments. The intensification of production consists of laying vineyards with planting material of higher biological categories, highly productive clones of traditional and long-established selection varieties; advanced agrotechnological techniques and mechanized operations, etc. For import substitution of table grapevine in our country, it is especially important to introduce new big-berry varieties from early to late maturity, providing a continuous 100-day conveyor for harvesting, with a bunch of grapes, various colors and the shape of berries. In many countries of the world with developed viticulture, breeding programs are being conducted to create competitive table varieties. As a result, there were obtained Muscat of Italy (Italy), Cardinal, Red Globe (USA), Moldova (Moldova), widely spread all over the world. But the world market does not stand still and breeders are working on new varieties. In recent years, there has been a trend of enlargement of berries from 8 to 24 grams, preference is given to varieties with pink and red berries. So, for example, created in Ukraine - a very early variety of Livia; in Russia - the variety clones of Livia K and Rochefort K, the early varieties of the Memory of the Teacher, the Gift of the Nesvetay, the Preobraghenie and the Jubilee of Novocherkassk, and others. These varieties are bred according to the developed model, which shows the genetic regularities of the formation of maximum expression in transgressive recombinants in quantitative (mass of berries and bunches) and qualitative (shape and color of berries) traits associated with maturation
The work is devoted to studying the nature of the influence of individual abiotic factors of the southern territories of Russia on the features of the formation of an economic apple yield in adjacent years and the justification of the possibility of adjusting the course of this process in adverse environmental conditions. The studies were carried out in 2018-2019, which are distinguished by the manifestation of weather anomalies in the summer-autumn period. Field experiments were performed at the farms of the Kuban horticultural zone on soils suitable for planting fruit stands: leached and typical chernozems. The features of the development of plants of apple trees of winter varieties Kuban crimson and Fuji on the stock M9 were studied. In the experiments, an option is provided using foliar treatment of plants with Pomaset fertilizer. The effectiveness of the formation of the economic apple crop depends on the biological characteristics of the used pomological variety, as well as the temperature and moisture conditions during the growing season of the plants. Soil conditions do not significantly affect the course of this process. The probability of losing the potential apple crop at the XII stage of organogenesis (pre-harvest decay) under the influence of abiotic summer stressors: high air temperatures and water deficiency is noted. With the manifestation of extremely high air temperatures in late summer and during the autumn months, a significant increase in the duration of vegetation of various (especially strong-growing) apple varieties was recorded, causing a shift in the process of differentiation of generative buds (stages III-IV of organogenesis) to a later date, and, as a result, - decrease in potential plant productivity in the next season. With the manifestation of abnormal weather conditions, the prospects of foliar treatment of trees in the second half of the growing season with Pomaset fertilizer, which optimizes the fruiting of the apple tree in adjacent years, are shown. At the same time, the fruit yield in the current year is increasing by 9-14%, and in the next season - by 7-10% in comparison with the control values
The article deals with the realization of the re-productive potential of wheat with the use of multi-flower formation as a model object of winter soft wheat plants. The essence of the concept of "reproductive potential" is disclosed, as well as the significance of this concept for research aimed at increasing the productivity of wheat plants. The data obtained during the study and analysis of varieties of winter soft wheat with the sign of multi-flower formation are given. The reproductive potential of winter soft wheat plants was determined by counting flowers at the VI stage of organogenesis. The examined multi-flower forms of soft winter wheat compared with Krasnodar breeding varieties showed increased reproductive potential, as well as an increased number of grains with the ear, but with a reduced mass of 1000 grains. According to the data obtained, the degree of the reproductive potential of multi-flower forms of winter soft wheat varied significantly, depending on the weather and climate conditions of the year of the study. In conclusion, the choice of multi-flower formation of winter soft wheat as a model object for investigating the reproductive potential of wheat, as well as the factors that influence its implementation and the extent of such influence is justified