Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Issues associated with the use of combined units in the preparation of the soil are relevant and of scientific and practical interest. Relevance increases when it comes to the cultivation of the main crop - winter wheat. In this regard, the presented results on the effectiveness of the use of combined units in the preparation of soil for winter crops are important. They are important primarily from a practical point of view. Experimental studies were conducted in the conditions of many years of stationary experience in the FSUE "ANC" Donskoy ", Zernograd, Rostov Region and in the Krasnodar region, LLC "Step". The efficiency of the use of combined units KUM-4, APK-4, developed at SKNIIMESH, now FSUE “ANC “Donskoy” in the cultivation of winter barley and winter wheat is considered. The technological process of tillage using combined units consists of several technological operations performed simultaneously. Disk working bodies chop plant residues and destroy weeds. At the same time, a network of cracks in the underlying soil horizons is laid. Next are flat-cutting working bodies that loosen the soil already at the set depth. There is a cutting of the root system of weeds, loosening the remaining non-loosened soil layer to the required depth, the formation of a flat bottom of the “furrow”, the separation of erosion-hazardous soil particles to the bottom of the furrow. Next, a roller - a compactor - compactor enters the work, which provides regrinding of soil lumps on the surface and subcompaction of the treated layer. The last in the process chain is a mulch roller, which ensures the formation of a compacted seed bed for seeds with simultaneous mulching of the compacted soil layer. The use of combined units in the technologies of cultivation of winter barley and wheat allowed to achieve a reduction in the number of technological operations by 1,5-2,5 times, an increase in the productivity of winter wheat by 0,4 t / ha (9%), a reduction in fuel consumption by 40%, operating costs 1,4 times with the economic effect of 1500 rubles / ha and the profitability of production of 140%

The article discusses the possibilities and presents the results of research on the cultivation of spring barley with different production technologies in conditions of insufficient and unstable wetting of the south of Russia. Experimental studies were carried out in a stationary experiment with a four-field crop rotation with different variants of tillage (dump, flat-cut, layered, without tillage – no-till). It is established that the most expensive is the waste treatment of the soil (PN-5-35), and the least expensive is the technology excluding the impact on the soil. At the same time, the operating costs of labor and fuel consumption at no-till are lower, respectively, by 82-107, 23-48, 131-188% in comparison with traditional types of technology. Hectare fuel consumption with zero technology is 131-188% less than with traditional technologies and amounted to 22.8 kg / ha. The cost of production of spring barley using no-till is 8-41% lower compared to flat-cut, layer-by-layer, and dump technology and amounts to 285 rubles per cent. Calculated per 1 hectare, labor costs, fuel consumption, wages, fuel costs, deductions for renovation and repairs, as well as total operating costs for traditional basic tillage technologies increase, respectively, 1,23-1,48; 2,31-2,88; 1,30-1,56; 3,1-3,81; 1,65-1,85; 1,81-1,96; 1,83-2,09 times compared with no-till. The use of spring barley cultivation technology that excludes impact on the soil provides a fairly high efficiency even at lower yields

The article presents the results of research on the impact of tillage technologies on the value of its density in the cultivation of winter wheat in conditions of insufficient and unstable wetting of the south of Russia. Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of a long-term stationary experiment with a four-field crop rotation with different variants of tillage (dump, layer-by-layer, small, surface). The soil density was fixed at spring tillering of winter wheat and at the end of the growing season. Conducted analysis of variance shows that the soil has relaxation abilities, i.e. over time, it restores its properties by compaction ability, since studies conducted during the period of tillering of winter wheat show that Ffact. Ftable. (5,794,76), i.e. methods of treatment have an impact on soil compaction, which cannot be said for the case at the end of the growing season of winter wheat. The ability to restore its properties is a remarkable property of the soil, as it prevents them from over-compaction. The energy intensity of the compacted soil treatment increases to 30%, while the degree of crumbling is significantly reduced and its lumpiness increases. The most fundamental way to reduce the density of the soil is its timely loosening by working bodies of agricultural tools. Tillage methods affect soil density, the correlation coefficient between tillage methods and soil density varies between 0,929-0,979. The most radical way of soil decompression is exposure to it by a certain type of working bodies