Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Positive effect of microelements on productivity and quality grain of corn on the leached black soil of the West Fore-Caucasus has been determined

Positive effect of microelements on productivity and quality of sugar beet on the leached black soil of the West Fore-Caucasus region has been determined

In the soils of rice fields, eluvial gley processes develop, which are manifested in redistribution of silty particles along the profile, water-soluble humus, mobile compounds of iron and phosphorus. Most intensively, these processes are developed in meadowbog soils, confined to closed depressions of the plains plain. Meadow-black soils lying on elevated relief elements have more favorable physical, physicochemical and oxidation-reduction properties for cultivating rice and accompanying crops in crop rotation. The highest yield of rice is formed on high checks and higher at 12,4 c/ha than on low ones

The article discusses the change in the magnetic properties of soils of different agricultural use, depending on the conditions of soil formation. The objects of study are leached chernozem of Western Ciscaucasia, meadow chernozem and meadow bog soils of rice agrolandscapes. The results showed that with an increase in the degree of hydromorphism, the magnitude of the magnetic susceptibility of the soil decreases. The leached chernozem has the highest magnetization of the profile. In soils formed under the influence of hydromorphic soil formation, magnetic susceptibility is reduced by 3.0-3.5 times in rainfed conditions and deposits, and by 6.0-12.0 times in soils of rice agrocenoses

Acidic properties of the mineral matrix of meadow chernozem and meadow-boggy soils of Krasnodar region are characterized by a total adsorption capacity of ammonia in the range of 32-61 µmol / g. The lowest acidity of the matrix was observed under conditions of permanent rice cultivation for 80 years (32- 33 µmol NH3/g). The mineral matrix of rice soils depends on the meliorative state and the granulometric composition of these soils. At low fields of meadowboggy soils, heavier in granulometric composition, the total acidity of the mineral matrix is 51- 53 µmol NH3/g on high checks of lighter meadow chernozem soils – 34-45 µmol NH3/g. In the upper soil, with a less acidic matrix, the Fe3+ content increases and the amount of Fe2+ decreases. The reverse pattern is found in the lower soil with more pronounced acidic properties of the matrix. A proportional relationship between the humus content and the acidic properties of the mineral matrix is found. The highest yield of rice is formed on meadow chernozem soils with a less acidic mineral matrix

The obtained experimental data show that the incorporation of trace elements into the system of the sunflower crop has a positive impact on the mineral nutrition of plants, the number and quality of the crop. Foliar feeding of sunflower crops with micronutrients improves nutrition of plants with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, thus creating the preconditions for the formation of highly agrocenosis. The seed yield of sunflower increased by variants with application of micronutrients 1.2-3.5 t/ha or 4.4-12.9 percent. The greatest impact of treatment with boron and copper, exceeding the background option 3.1-3.5 t/ha or 11.5-12.9% respectively. The crop is least influenced by manganese and molybdenum. The examined elements positively influenced the structure of the sunflower crop. The greatest influence on the diameter of the basket, the number of seeds, weight of seeds in the basket, the weight of 1000 seeds was provided by the zinc and copper. Trace elements contributed to the improvement of quality indicators of sunflower. For husk content, the greatest positive effect was cobalt, zinc, manganese and copper, increasing the background option 10.1, 10.4, 10.5 and 10, and 6%, respectively, on the oil content of sunflower seeds had cobalt, copper and zinc. The oil content on these options amounted 55,0, with 55.1 and 55.2%, respectively, increasing this figure by 1.5 to 1.7 %. The acid number at variants with boron, manganese and zinc was the same with the background option and amounted to 1.8. The greatest influence on iodine number provided molybdenum, zinc and copper, which accounted for 170,5, 171,2 and 171,4, exceeding the background option 10.2 and 11.1

This article shows the results of the studies of the influence of fertilizers on plant height and accumulation of biomass in alfalfa plants

The article presents the results of studies of the influence of fertilizers on plants height and accumulation of the biomass of alfalfa

This article is a review work where the role of microelements in life of plants is observed and theoretical and practical issues concerning application of complex microfertilizers enhancing productivity, quality of seeds and grain on rice crops are highlighted. The complexions of the metals used as micronutrients, are an effective form of trace elements and means of regulation of the production process of agricultural crops as seed treatment before sowing, and when conducting foliar vegetating plants. Their inclusion in the system of fertilizer rice to balance mineral nutrients necessary for plant life, providing increased productivity, quality seeds and grains

The content of selenium in the soils of various genetic types varies widely. Its amount is lower in soils formed on volcanic rocks. On average, it is 0.2-0.6 mg/kg. In the soils formed on sedimentary rocks, the content of selenium is often in the range of 4.5-5.0 mg/kg and depending on the conditions of formation it varies widely, sometimes reaching 100 mg/kg. Predominantly they are alkaline soils, selenium concentrations in the soil solution is 10-6 moles. The content of selenium in most soil types of the Russian Federation and CIS countries varies in the range of 0.01-1.0 mg/kg. Floodplain, chestnut soils, black soils and gray soils are more enriched (0.3 to 1.0 mg/kg), whereas sod-podzolic and sandy soils are relatively depleted (0,05-0,2 mg/kg). Systematic application of mineral fertilizers on the fields of crop rotation leads to a decrease in total content in the leached black soil. Fertilizers contribute to increased mobility of this element and more intensive involvement of it in the biological cycle