Name
Kostenko Mikhail Yurievich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
associated professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev
Web site url
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Articles count: 24
The mathematical model presented in this article allows you to choose rational values and ranges of design and technological parameters of body separation, as well as their further optimization
For cleaning and disinfection of motor vans we can effectively apply installation for the treatment of work surfaces with a disinfectant spray. Disinfection unit is a generator of hot mist with a device for
dispersing
One can see some density irregularity within the roll
in the baler with a chamber of constant volume. We
have found out that the maximum density of hay roll
width (the baler width) is observed in the middle part.
This is due to the shape of the hay roll entering the
baler. To even the hay rolls they have mounted some
rotating disks having some inclined spring pins above
the baler. To improve the roller distribution the disks
above the baler have been pushed forward forming a
tapering gap. The evening discs rotating above the
moving roll will cause some relative motion of hay
particles. The interaction of the evening disks with
the hay roll in the vertical plane will be determined
by the elasticity of the hay roll and the weight of the
frame with the disks. We have studied the trajectories
of hay particles motion with the help of MathCad
program. We have had the following initial
parameters: the degree of compaction (decrease of the
roll height when evening), the friction coefficient, the
angle rate of the evening disks, the number of pins and the speed of the hay roll. As a result we have got
the trajectories of the hay particles motion when the
evening disks functioning. The analysis of the
trajectories has allowed to establish some basic
parameters of the evening device such as the distance
of 0.15…0.2 m between the pins; the degree of
compression while evening 20...25 %, the angle rate
of the evening discs 23...30 rad / s and the diameter
of the evening disc 0.74 m. The application of the
evening device in the form of the disks with pins
provides a uniform distribution of hay particles
edgewise of the baler ensuring preliminary hay roll
seal press before passing to the baler pressure
chamber that contributes to getting the rolls with
larger mass and a uniform distribution of hay density
inside the roll
In the current economic situation, the
developing of cattle breeding is taking on
special significance. It is well known that the
effective way to develop cattle breeding is to
increase the total number of efficient livestock.
The numerous researches show that the high
concentrated fodder premix diet gives the
highest effect in increasing animal indicators [1,
2, 3]. Traditionally, the premix is a powder
mass, which should be added into the mixture
of grain components. Exact following the recipe
of prepared fodder allows the maximum usage
of forage potential of the concentrate
components [4, 5, 6, 7]. In view of the
foregoing, food enrichers have special actuality
in making high concentrated fodder [8, 9, 10].
The usage of differential Fokker – Planck
equation systems allows determining the laws
of the mixing process of various granulated
products. As a result, it becomes possible to
optimize the technological process of the mixerenrichers
of concentrated feed so that the
resulting mixture of feed would have high
quality and technological characteristics. At the
same time the duration of sewer-enricher’s
work and, as a consequence, the energy
intensity of the technological process would
accept the minimum possible values [11-16].
The given theoretical approach is based on the
consideration of the motion of an individual
particle contained in a loose grain mass (phase).
Concerning this, it is necessary to accept a
number of assumptions about making effort to
the feed particles, and the velocity vectors of its
initial motion should be taken into account.
Taking into account the complexity of the
mathematically derived differential equation, its
literal analytical solution seems very difficult.
Therefore, the first step of the solution is aimed at the obtaining the non-stationary diffusion
equation of Fokker - Planck and the boundary
conditions for isolating the only one solution.
The second step of the solution is implemented
by the tabulation at the grid-based points, that
is, considering the differential equation not at a
random point of the area, but only at the grid
nodes. Moreover, it is necessary to apply the
approximation of the derivatives at each node.
The solution of the equation system allows
determining the module of the minimum,
average, and maximum values of the phase
particle motion in different parts of the mixing
chamber, respectively. In connection with this,
the aim of the study is to substantiate the
processes of motion of various types of
granulated products
While mechanical harvesting of potatoes, about
20-40% of the tubers get damages. Dynamic
loads, injuries of the tubers, causing internal
damage – which is browning of the flesh of the tuber, which occurs in the process of its storage.
At the same time, ways to express control of
damage to potato tubers will allow both
reducing damage during harvest, and promptly
sending damaged potatoes for recycling before
the results of mechanical stress for the tubers
during harvesting. The definition of internal
damage to the potatoes is possible because of
the analysis of the different elasticity of the
tissues of damaged and undamaged tubers. The
value of overpressure of the device is chosen
such way that during deformation of tubers
there mainly has been compression of the
damaged tissues of the tuber, with the least
turgor. The degree of damage of samples of
tubers is determined by the ratio of the volume
of damaged tissues of tubers to the total volume
of the sample. We have given the mechanical
properties of tissues of tubers, fruits and root
vegetables, their structure, dimensional
characteristics, it can be assumed that the use of
this method of determining internal damage
possible for apples, carrots, beets and harvest of
other crops. Use of damage control will enable
timely identification of hidden damage and
make it possible to eliminate their causes,
which lead to increase loss products
Fruit harvesting is the final and decisive
operation in the general work plan for growing
fruit, which largely determines the qualitative
and quantitative indicators of production and
economy of industry in general. Increasing
productivity by improving the safety of fruits
and vegetables is a priority and not an easy task.
For example, the use of cleaning technologies
with the use of machinery for harvesting of
apples by shaking can significantly reduce the
time of gathering fruit compared to hand
harvesting. This technology may be applicable,
if the fruit is grown for the manufacture of
juices, jams, etc. Currently, in several European
countries and in the USA, they widely use fruit
harvesting platforms and machines. The leader
in the production of fruit harvesting platforms is
Italy. To reduce the damage to fruit in
agriculture, the analysis of the traumatic factors
is of great importance, with the analysis of
available machines and their subsequent
modernization with the aim of improving the
reliability and quality of harvesting and
transport process, taking into account of the
algorithm for solving these problems, the
creation of new varieties of fruits and
vegetables suitable for machine processing,
strict compliance with deadlines and agronomic
requirements for the performed technological
operations, taking into account the savings of
energy and resources when using mobile
technology. In addition to the modernization of
the machines for efficient operation, it is
necessary to improve also the scheme of
planting of gardens and methods of cultivation,
transfer horticulture to intensive way of
development
In recent years, in many countries around the
world, much attention is paid to the issues of
ensuring of rational use of energy resources,
due to a number of objective factors, chief
among which are: the lack of own energy
resources to meet domestic energy needs; the
sharp increase in the cost of production and the
production of energy resources; further growth
in energy needs; the presence of large potential
opportunities to reduce unproductive losses of
fuel and energy. In the world, the challenge
now is to ensure a gradual but steady transfer of
the economy on energy saving way of
development. To achieve the goal of reducing
energy costs we might use two ways: firstly, the
widespread introduction of energy saving
technologies, and secondly, the reduction of
material production, improving its quality and
service. In agriculture, the improvement of the
technological process can be carried out using
new tillage methods, improving the
organization of production and tools. Further
development of mechanization in agriculture
will contribute to further growth of
electrification in the agricultural sector, which
will significantly reduce the use of the most
expensive and limited energy resources. The
article offers a technique of the estimation of
the efficiency of consumption of energy in
agricultural production. In order to compare the
efficiency of machines in the cultivation and
harvesting of potatoes, there was conducted an
energy assessment of the operations of modern
technology. As variables, there were
investigated different operation modes of the
machine: working speed and working width,
depth of stroke of the working bodies. In the
process of evaluating energy operations,
modern technology to prepare the soil for
planting potatoes was determined humidity,
mechanical composition and soil type. As a
main factor in the analysis of technological
methods, we have taken the overall specific
energy consumption and specific energy
consumption for the digging below tuber
formation. Analysis of theoretical researches of
agricultural machinery has led to the conclusion
that the energy cost of implementing the
technological process in the machines of
different designs varies
In the study of the processes of growing, harvesting,
post-harvesting processing and delivery of fruit and vegetables it seems to be rational to have generalized
control of the "product – environment – packaging –
transport - storage" in general, as well as providing
the possibility of creating optimal conditions for fruit
and vegetable products depending on its condition.
The basis of ensuring product integrity at all stages of
production is a system approach with application of
modern information technologies. Optimization of
logistic processes in the agro-industrial complex
(AIC), in addition to cost, market influences many
important indicators of the final product of this
complex: quality, timing and reliability of supply, the
size of the delivered batches, etc. The quality of fruits
and vegetables begins to change dramatically
immediately after harvesting. Being in a stressful and
unfavorable conditions, fruit, vegetables, root crops
intensively lose moisture and consume nutrients,
secrete aromatic substances, carry out the breathing
process. These losses are caused by biological factors
fit fruit and vegetable products to the changed
conditions. Thus, the main indicators of the quality of
products to control rationally in the process of
harvesting and subsequent production phases take
into account the data obtained to optimize process
parameters to reduce losses and damage products.
The article discusses the prospects of applying the
system-information approach to the formation of
quality of fruits and vegetables during transportation
and storage. The proposed embodiment of a
generalized control of the "product – environment –
packaging – transport - storage", aimed at ensuring
the possibility of creating optimal conditions for
easy-to-sell agricultural products (fruits, vegetables,
root crops) depending on its condition. We have
established that rational technology of production and
sales of products must have the ability to control and
operational adjustments depending on the level of
quality input products from the stage of harvest
Potato is cultivated in 130 countries on an area of over
18 million hectares; it annually gives more than 300
million tons of tubers. The share of the Russian
Federation accounts is about 11% ... 14% of total
production. The resulting potatoes consumed in food, animal feed, technical purposes, seed fund. According
to the Ministry of agriculture of Russia, the largest
number of potatoes in our country (89 %) is produced in
peasant farms and personal farms of citizens, the area of
cultivation of which make up about 2.7 million hectares.
At such farms for the harvest, they use mainly potatodiggers,
followed by selection of crops manually. The
use of diggers in small areas of planting is more costefficiently
in relation to the harvesting combine. In
addition, the parameters requested for ATT to damage
potatoes when harvesting with the diggers (3%) are
higher than during harvesting by combine harvester
(5%). As practice shows, for the use of cleaning units,
even under optimal harvesting conditions in the hopper
of the combine, there are soil and vegetable impurities.
There are many different devices intended to localize
the problem. Based on the foregoing, we can conclude
that it is necessary to pay considerable attention to the
quality of work of excavating working bodies, because
it affects the productivity of the functioning of the
whole machine. Currently, there are widespread potato
aggregates with the receiving part, equipped with side
disks, spaced along the edges of the plowshares. The
disks cut off the raised layer of soil from between the
rows. This entails improving the performance of the
potato harvester. The most efficient and economical
from the point of view of energy consumption, is the
work of passive disks with hooks. The quality of potato
harvesters depends on the design and performance of
excavating bodies. The proposed design solution for an
excavating body increases the productivity of harvesting
machines
Condition monitoring is a necessary element of the
transport and special machinery in agriculture. The
task of the control operations other than the
determination of the technical state of the object is to
determine the required amount of work, as well as
rational amount of collateral the repair of which could
be combined with the next maintenance. Based on the
results of processing of the information, we may
generate requests for service. In the conditions of
uncertainty of receipt of requests for servicing of
individual machines, estimated volumes and timing,
we have am appropriate development of applied
technique of justification of the number of diagnostic
posts for interactive control of a technical condition
of vehicles and special machinery in agriculture. The
presented methodology is based on probabilistic
methods, and allows the quick optimization of the
number of existing posts interactive diagnostics in the
enterprise, if necessary, translating the existing posts
in "standby" mode, or Vice versa, returning from a
reserve in "work" mode. The production and
technical base of the enterprise service based on the specific assumptions are considered as a system of
mass service (SMO), and the function of such a SMO
– as the process of mass service. The process of
queuing as applied to interactive diagnosis are
"Markov" processes "death and reproduction" with a
finite or countable number of States and continuous
time. To describe the states of the system we use the
system of the Kolmogorov equations for steady state
of "Markov" process. On their basis, we have
determined average queue length, time of stay orders
in the queue, number of busy channels and the
bandwidth of the CFR. Using the intensity of the
requests and the service time of a single application
for specific equipment, the article establishes the
efficiency of online diagnosis posts. The result of the
proposed applied methodology enables timely
decision-making about the need for reconstruction or
technical re-equipment of the company