Name
Kolupaev Sergey Vasilyevich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
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Honorary rank
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Organization, job position
Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev
Web site url
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Articles count: 12
Fruit harvesting is the final and decisive
operation in the general work plan for growing
fruit, which largely determines the qualitative
and quantitative indicators of production and
economy of industry in general. Increasing
productivity by improving the safety of fruits
and vegetables is a priority and not an easy task.
For example, the use of cleaning technologies
with the use of machinery for harvesting of
apples by shaking can significantly reduce the
time of gathering fruit compared to hand
harvesting. This technology may be applicable,
if the fruit is grown for the manufacture of
juices, jams, etc. Currently, in several European
countries and in the USA, they widely use fruit
harvesting platforms and machines. The leader
in the production of fruit harvesting platforms is
Italy. To reduce the damage to fruit in
agriculture, the analysis of the traumatic factors
is of great importance, with the analysis of
available machines and their subsequent
modernization with the aim of improving the
reliability and quality of harvesting and
transport process, taking into account of the
algorithm for solving these problems, the
creation of new varieties of fruits and
vegetables suitable for machine processing,
strict compliance with deadlines and agronomic
requirements for the performed technological
operations, taking into account the savings of
energy and resources when using mobile
technology. In addition to the modernization of
the machines for efficient operation, it is
necessary to improve also the scheme of
planting of gardens and methods of cultivation,
transfer horticulture to intensive way of
development
While mechanical harvesting of potatoes, about
20-40% of the tubers get damages. Dynamic
loads, injuries of the tubers, causing internal
damage – which is browning of the flesh of the tuber, which occurs in the process of its storage.
At the same time, ways to express control of
damage to potato tubers will allow both
reducing damage during harvest, and promptly
sending damaged potatoes for recycling before
the results of mechanical stress for the tubers
during harvesting. The definition of internal
damage to the potatoes is possible because of
the analysis of the different elasticity of the
tissues of damaged and undamaged tubers. The
value of overpressure of the device is chosen
such way that during deformation of tubers
there mainly has been compression of the
damaged tissues of the tuber, with the least
turgor. The degree of damage of samples of
tubers is determined by the ratio of the volume
of damaged tissues of tubers to the total volume
of the sample. We have given the mechanical
properties of tissues of tubers, fruits and root
vegetables, their structure, dimensional
characteristics, it can be assumed that the use of
this method of determining internal damage
possible for apples, carrots, beets and harvest of
other crops. Use of damage control will enable
timely identification of hidden damage and
make it possible to eliminate their causes,
which lead to increase loss products