Scientific Journal of KubSAU

This article deals with the results of the research work concerning the influence of foliar application of grape of Saperavi variety by soluble fertilizers of new generation-Nutrivant plus and Kelik potassiumsilicon. The influence of these fertilizers on yield and actual fruitfulness have also been investigated. The experiments have been carried out both in pureform and in a tankmixture with growth regulator “VIMPEL”. The treatment by these fertilizers has been done three times in the following period; after flowering, in fruit growth phase,(pea-size berry) and in the phase of fruit maturing The foliar treatment in a pure form as well as in a tank mixture led to increase of bunch weight, harvest per bush and the yield capacity of plantation. The influence of fertilizers depended not only on variants of experiment but also on weather conditions of the previous and current year as well as on the previous yield. The negative correlation between the indexes of yield structure of the previous year and the actual fruitfulness of the current year has been revealed. However, the character of these correlative connections depends on many factors and greatly differs according to the year. As a result of these investigations, it was stated that foliar application of Saperavi grape variety by fertilizers of a new generation Nutrivant plus and Kelik potassiumsilicon in a tank mixture with growth regulator “Vimpel” in periods after flowering, berry growth(pea-size berry) and at the beginning of berry maturing did not promote a stable and significant increase of the main indexes of an actual fruitfulness. The real increase observed in all experimental variants was achieved mainly due to the increase of the average weight of the bunch

The work presents the results of studies on the influence of the foliar spraying of white grapes of the technical sort of ‘Chardonnay’ with new water-soluble fertilizers: Nutrivant plus vinograd, Kelik potassiumsilicon, Atlanta plus and microelements in chelated form - Kelkat boron, Kelkat manganese and Kelkat zinc, on its agro biological and technological indicators. The field experiment was performed in the AF Close Joint-Stock company "Primorsk" in Temryuk District. The diagram of the experiment consisted of five options: without treatment (control); Nutrivant plus vinograd - 1 kg / ha; Kelik potassium silicon - 3 kg / ha; Atlanta plus - 2 kg / ha; a set of microelements - Kelkat boron, manganese and Kelkat Kelkat zinc 660 g / ha each. It was established that the foliar spraying with these fertilizers contributes to a more intensive accumulation of sugar in the juice of berries and to the acceleration of the harvest ageing. Furthermore, the productiveness of shoots has been increased, as it is shown in a greater number of inflorescences, and sometimes, the average bunch weight increases. All this contributes to a significant increase in a yield from a bush and to a crop yield. The highest content of chlorophyll (a + b), carotinoid and the amount of pigment were observed in cases of "Atlant plus" and "Kelik potassium-silicon," where the highest sugar was contained in the berries. Foliar spraying of grapes with the complex of microelements and also Nutrivant plus and Atlanta plus contributed to the improving of the quality of wine, as evidenced by the data of the tasting degustation. The highest mark was provided by the foliar spraying of bushes using the complex of microelements

The article presents the results of three years of studies on regenerative processes in technical white one-bud cuttings of resistant varieties of grapes Bianca, Viorica and Riton. The studies were conducted in greenhouse experiments at the Department of Viticulture of Kuban State Agrarian University. It was found, that the cuttings of Viorica varieties had achieved the best ripening, and the worst was Bianca. Varieties of Viorica and Ryton which have rather good level of ripening of the cuttings, had starch in carbohydrates and Bianca variety had sugar. Earlier blooming of buds characterized the cuttings of Ryton. Blooming of the buds of Bianca somewhat delayed. Maximum length of the shoots characterized the cuttings of Bianca, and the lowest – Viorica. The shortest pre-root period (26.3 days) was observed in Ryton, and the longest (29.3 days) – in Bianca. Viorica was characterized by the highest yield of cuttings with 3 roots and more (81.3%), this indicator was a bit less (72.5%) for Ryton. For Bianca it was minimal and it was 26.3%. A similar pattern was observed for the average number of cuttings formed at the roots: the variety Viorica - 9.4 pc.,Ryton - 8.1 pc. and Bianca - 4.3 pc. Thus, cuttings of the varieties of Viorica and Ryton belong to a group with a very high root growing activity and Bianca has an average activity

The article presents the results of the research on the effect of processing cuttings grapes Moldova and Bianca by a growth regulator called Stimolant 66f (Stimolante 66f) on their regenerative properties, the yield and quality of seedlings. In Moldova grade, we tested three concentrations of the drug - 0.001; 0.01 and 0.1% and grade Bianca - five - - 0.001; 0.005; 0.01; 0.05 and 0.1%, compared to treatment with IAA (standard) or without treatment (control). It was found, that both types of processing cuttings with IAA led to the inhibition of blooming buds. Application of Stimolanta to both varieties accelerated blooming buds, and to the greatest extent on grade Bianca. On the variety Moldova, the processing cuttings with heteroauxin and Stimolant at 0.01 and 0.1% had an inhibitory effect on the growth of shoots, which survived to the end of the experiment. On the variety of Bianca, both the IAA and Stimolant at all concentrations of working solution contributed to a significant increase the length of the shoots. At grade Moldova, basal ends of cuttings treatment for 24 hours in solutions of Stimolanta at 0.01 and 0.1% concentration had the root-growing ability stimulated, enhanced the yield and quality of seedlings. In grade Bianca, better rooting of cuttings with 3 or more roots was observed in the variant of "Stimolant - 0.05%", and a greater number of roots were produced in the version of "Stimolant - 0.1%." In cuttings of varieties ofMoldova, Stimolant showed better results than the IAA in optimal concentrations, and grade Bianca had about the same results

This article is devoted to treatment effects of cuttings of a grape variety called Moldova with 0.01% solution of heteroauxin on their regenerative capacity, depending on the light conditions. We have established that the germination of cuttings in the dark, as well as the treatment of heteroauxin significantly stimulate their regenerative abilities. The length of the shoots, regardless of the use of heteroauxin, depends on the mode of the light produced during the germination of cuttings. In both studies, the length of the shoots on the end of experiment cuttings germinated in the dark, was 1,71-2,66 times more than when germinated in the light. Cuttings rooting ability also largely depends on the light produced in their germination. In both studies, the rooting of cuttings started earlier and passed more rapidly during their germination in the dark. Processing cuttings with heteroauxin, followed by germination in the dark, speeded up the formation of roots even more, compared with the case where the cuttings treated with heteroauxin germinated in the light. In the best case rooting increased by 42,5-47,5%, the number of roots on basal ends of cuttings in 18,3- 18,5 times, the numbers of cuttings with 3 or more roots to 72,5-80,0%

The article presents the results of the studies on the effect of the processing of grape variety Saperavi with a growth regulator called Vimpel with water soluble and foliar fertilizers of new generation - Nutrivant plus and Kelik potassium silicon, both in pure form and in a tank mixture. Processing of bushes was performed three times: after flowering, growth phase of berries (berry of a pea), the beginning of ripening berries. We used Vimpel drug and foliar fertilizers such as Nutrivant plus and Kelik potassium-silicon, both in pure form and in conjunction with Vimpel; it led to a significant increase in weight of the bunch, bush crop and planting yields. The smallest yield increase was provided by Vimpel. However, the combined use of this drug on a background of Kelik silicon- potassium foliar fertilizer and Nutrivant plus led to a greater increase in yield from the bush than when used fertilizers only. Processing of bushes by Vimpel in combination with a foliar application of Kelik potassium-silicon not only led to a significant increase in crop yields from the bush and plantations, but in two cases of the three it contributed to a significant increase of the mass concentration of sugars in the juice of berries. Using Vimpel, together with Nutrivant plus foliar application for two years out of three promoted maximize yields (23.4 and 18.4%) with a decrease in sugar content, and in one year - an increase in the harvest of 10.4%, with a significant increase in mass sugar concentration (1.92 g / 100 cm3 or 9.2%). Thus, the processing of Saperavi grapes with a growth regulator called Vimpel and water soluble foliar fertilizers of new generation - Nutrivant plus and Kelik potassium and silicon is an effective method of increasing the yield and quality of Saperavi grapes

There was given the review of the results of the study in the conditions of the Anapa-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region of the influence of the treatment of vines of Saperavi of lignohumates of the grade "В" (“LG-B Bio”, “LG-B Best Bio”, “LG- Best L”) on the quality of must and wine materials. The technology of the grape cultivation on the experimental plot corresponded to the adopted technology which is used in the JSC "Pobeda" of Temryuk District and was widely accepted for the keeping of fruit-bearing plantations of the zone of uncovered viticulture. Agrobiological works were carried out at the optimum terms and were of high quality. Vines of the third- year of life, embodied by the scheme in 3,0 x 1,5 m. The forming is a one-sided Guyot with a height of the trunk in 60 cm. On bushes there was formed the same load shoots and clusters. There were carried out the treatments of grape leaf surfaces by the solutions of lignohumates twice: the 1st – before the flowering and the 2 nd in the beginning of the formation of berries (in 20 days after the first one). The spraying was carried out in the early morning hours. The accounting of the grape harvest and the sampling for the determination of the quality of must and wine materials (10 kg per each type) was conducted in September 20, 2012. The technological and physical-chemical analyses were carried out in the shop of mini winemaking and in the accredited testing laboratory of the grape processing of the scientific center of the winemaking SCSRIHGG of the RAAS. The preparations "LG-B Bio", "LG-B Super Bio" and "LG-B Best A" as grape growth regulators have the equal and stable effect

The article presents the results of three years of researches conducted at the Department of Viticulture of Kuban State Agrarian University, to study the processes of shoots and rooting of the three-bud cuttings of grapes of Pervenets Magaracha, Podarok Magaracha and Cytrony Magaracha of the selection of Magarach Institute of Grape and Wine. The area of these varieties, which are inter-specific hybrids, in the Krasnodar region is more than 2 thousands hectares. The cuttings were rooted in sawdust in a greenhouse on a heated rack. It was found, that the regenerative capacity of cuttings was strongly dependent on the method of their storage prior to installation on the germination. The best results were obtained in the case when cuttings had been stored in the refrigerator before starting the experiment. The lowest impact of the way to store cuttings was on the percentage of cuttings with blossoming eyes, and the largest - the length of the shoots, the output of the cuttings with at least 3 of the roots, and the average number of roots developed on one cutting. Rooting of cuttings and their growth with three and more roots were different over the years for the varieties of Pervenets Magaracha and Cytrony Magaracha, in favor of one sort or another, but the average 3-year difference between varieties was not significant. On average, in two or three years, the maximum number of roots appeared in the variety of Cytrony Magaracha, which was a bit ahead of Pervenets Magaracha. The difference in the number of cuttings formed at the roots was authentic. Correlation analysis showed that the closest relationship to the performance of the rooting ability of cuttings was found in the length of the shoots. The level and the nature of the identified correlations suggests that the rooting ability of the cuttings of the varieties of Pervenets Magaracha was determined primarily by hormonal activity, Podarok Magaracha by its supply of plastic substances, and Cytrony Magaracha had equally both factors

The article presents the results of the studies on the effect of processing grape cuttings of different lengths with Norwegian rooting stimulator called Radix plus on their regenerative capacity. In the experiment we used two-, three-, four- and five buds cuttings of Vostorg table grape variety, characterized by weak rooting activity. Paraffined and pre-processed by growth regulator, these cuttings were rooted in vessels with water. The studies found that with the increasing length of cuttings we decrease the degree of blooming buds, which is associated with the manifestation of the longitudinal polarity. Processing cuttings with Radix Plus leads to inhibition of blooming buds and shoot growth, which is enhanced by increasing the length of cuttings from two to five buds. The maximum of rooting ability of the cuttings and output with 3 or more was reached by roots of two-buds cuttings. The regularity of these parameters decrease with increasing length of the four buds cuttings with some increase in the five buds; the maximum number of roots was reached by two buds and five buds cuttings. Using of Radix Plus reduces the difference between the rooting on short and long cuttings. The most consistent effect of Radix Plus is the output of the cuttings with 3 roots and more on three buds cuttings, and on the increasing number of roots - in the three- and four buds cuttings. When germinating the cuttings of Vostorg variety in comfortable conditions, without using growth regulators, it is better to use two buds cuttings, and in the case of pre-processing them with Radix Plus – we suggest three buds cuttings

The article is dedicated to the features of the correlations between the indicators of shoot and root growth ability of grape cuttings varieties of Moldova and Vostorg of different lengths, under the influence of the processing them with Norwegian growth regulator - Radix plus. We have found that in the control variants on both varieties there are fairly close correlation connections between the number of shoots, their length and the degree of blooming buds. However, in the advanced options the character of the relationship between these parameters depends on the varietal characteristics manifested in the potential root activity cuttings. For Moldova cuttings which are characterized by high root activity, the use of Radix plus led to some strengthening of the correlations, and for Vostorg (with the weak activity of rooting of cuttings) - to decreasing of the correlations. This fact may indicate that the negative effects of growth regulators on the activity of endogenous hormones in the cuttings of Vostorg varieties, which explains the decrease of rooting of longer cuttings. Processing the cuttings of Moldova with Radix plus led to increasing in the frequency and extension of the correlations between shoot and root growth ability of cuttings. For Vostorg, on the contrary, the use of Radix plus led to the weakening of these connections. The reason for this phenomenon, as is the case with figures of shoot growth ability may be a change in the activity of the endogenous phytohormone influenced by exogenous auxin. Character of correlations identified between indicators of root growth ability of cuttings shows that rooting depends primarily on the hormonal activity of cuttings, number of roots - on cuttings plastic substances, and the yield of cuttings with 3 roots and more - on both of these points