What we have analyzed in the article is the spatial
structure of the surface air temperature and
precipitation amount fields in the Black Sea Region.
Spatial correlation method is applied to reveal
teleconnections between surface air temperature and
precipitation measured at the meteorological stations
of the region from one hand and globally averaged
surface air temperature and atmospheric circulation
indecies from the other hand. Atmospheric circulation
indecies – North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and
Oscillation «North Sea – Northern Caspian Sea»
(NCP) – determine to a great extent regional
temperature and precipitation regime. The goal of the
current research is to establish probable causes and
mechanisms influencing regional climatic variations
and examining of possible connections of the latter
with the global climate change. It is demonstrated that
relations between air temperature and precipitation at
particular stations in the region and global temperature
are weak and ambigous. At the same time, temperature
and precipitation regimes are affected by changes of
phases of NAO and NCP. It means that global
warming has no direct effect on the regional climate.
More probably, global warming influences the regional
climate through the changes in the atmospheric
circulation pattern in the particular region
The article is devoted to the nonparametric point and
interval estimation of the characteristics of the
probabilistic distribution (the expectation, median,
variance, standard deviation, variation coefficient) of
the sample results. Sample values are regarded as the
implementation of independent and identically
distributed random variables with an arbitrary
distribution function having the desired number of
moments. Nonparametric analysis procedures are
compared with the parametric procedures, based on
the assumption that the sample values have a normal
distribution. Point estimators are constructed in the
obvious way - using sample analogs of the
theoretical characteristics. Interval estimators are
based on asymptotic normality of sample moments
and functions from them. Nonparametric asymptotic
confidence intervals are obtained through the use of
special output technology of the asymptotic relations
of Applied Statistics. In the first step this technology
uses the multidimensional central limit theorem,
applied to the sums of vectors whose coordinates are
the degrees of initial random variables. The second
step is the conversion limit multivariate normal
vector to obtain the interest of researcher vector. At
the same considerations we have used linearization
and discarded infinitesimal quantities. The third step
- a rigorous justification of the results on the
asymptotic standard for mathematical and statistical
reasoning level. It is usually necessary to use the
necessary and sufficient conditions for the
inheritance of convergence. This article contains 10
numerical examples. Initial data - information about
an operating time of 50 cutting tools to the limit
state. Using the methods developed on the
assumption of normal distribution, it can lead to
noticeably distorted conclusions in a situation where
the normality hypothesis failed. Practical
recommendations are: for the analysis of real data we
should use nonparametric confidence limits
In various applications it is necessary to analyze
some expert orderings, ie clustered rankings of
examination objects. These areas include technical
studies, ecology, management, economics, sociology,
forecasting, etc. The objects may make samples of
the products, technologies, mathematical models,
projects, job applicants and others. We obtain
clustered rankings which can be both with the help
of experts and objective way, for example, by
comparing the mathematical models with
experimental data using a particular quality criterion.
The method described in this article was developed
in connection with the problems of chemical safety
and environmental security of the biosphere. We
propose a new method for constructing a clustered
ranking which can be average (in the sense,
discussed in this work) for all clustered rankings
under our consideration. Then the contradictions
between the individual initial rankings are contained
within clusters average (coordinated) ranking. As a
result, ordered clusters reflects the general opinion
of the experts, more precisely, the total that is
contained simultaneously in all the original
rankings. Newly built clustered ranking is often
called the matching (coordinated) ranking with
respect to the original clustered rankings. The
clusters are enclosed objects about which some of
the initial rankings are contradictory. For these
objects is necessary to conduct the new studies.
These studies can be formal mathematics
(calculation of the Kemeny median, orderings by
means of the averages and medians of ranks, etc.) or
these studies require involvement of new information
from the relevant application area, it may be
necessary conduct additional scientific research. In
this article we introduce the necessary concepts and
we formulate the new algorithm of construct the
coordinated ranking for some cluster rankings in
general terms, and its properties are discussed
The article discusses the use of automatic systemic-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis), its mathematical model is a system of information theory and software tools – an intellectual system called "Eidos" for the solution of some problems of ampelography: 1) digitization of scanned images of the leaves and creation of their mathematical models; 2) the formation of mathematical models of specific leaves using the spreading of information theory; 3) the formation of models of generalized images of leaves of various sorts; 4) comparing an image of a specific leaf with a generalized image of the leaf of different varieties and finding a quantitative degree of similarity and differences between them, i.e. the identification of the varieties on the leaf; 5) quantification of the similarities and differences of the varieties, i.e. cluster-constructive analysis of generalized images of the leaves of different varieties. We propose a new approach to digitizing images of leaves, based on using the polar coordinate system, the center of gravity of the image and its external contour. Before scanning images we may use transformation to standardize the position of the still images, their sizes and rotation angle. Therefore, the results of digitization and ASC-analysis of the images might be invariant (independent) relatively to their position, size and rotation. The specific shape of the contour of the leaf is regarded as noise information on the variety, including information about the true shape of the leaf of the class (clean signal) and noise, which distort this true form, originating in a random environment. Software tools of ASC-analysis – intellectual "Eidos" system ensures noise reduction and the selection of the signal about the true shape of the leaf of each variety on the basis of a number of noisy concrete examples of the leaves of this variety. This creates a one way form of a leaf of each class, free from their concrete implementations, i.e., the "Eidos" of these images (in the sense of Plato) is a prototype or archetype (in the Jungian sense) of the images
The article presents a project of the capacitor in the
Yang-Mills theory. Model capacitor represents the
equipotential surfaces separated by a space. To
describe the mechanism of condensation
chromodynamics field used numerical models
developed based on an average of the Yang-Mills
theory. In the present study, we used eight-scalar
component model that in the linear case is divided
into two groups containing three or five fields
respectively. In contrast to classical electrodynamics,
a static model of the Yang-Mills is not divided into
independent equations because of the nonlinearity of
the model itself. However, in the case of a linear
theory separation is possible. It is shown that in this
particular case, the Yang-Mills theory is reduced to
Poisson theory, which describes the electrostatic and
magnetostatic phenomena. In the present work it is
shown that in a certain region of the parameters of the
capacitor of the Yang-Mills theory on the functional
properties of the charge accumulation and retention of
the field is similar to the capacitor of the electrostatic
field or a magnet in magnetostatics. This means that
in nature there are two types of charges, which are
sources of macroscopic Yang-Mills field, which are
similar to the properties of electric and magnetic
charges in the Poisson theory. It is shown that in
Yang-Mills only one type of charge may be
associated with the distribution density of the
substance, while another type of charge depends on
the charge distribution of the first type. This allows us
to provide an explanation for the lack of symmetry
between electric and magnetic charges
Acylation of amides substituted with pyridine-3-
sulfonic acids oxalil-chlorides and phosgene was
studied. New pyridil-3-sulfonil isocyanates were
synthesized. The conditions for this synthesis were
optimized by taking into account the detailed
understanding of this acylation. The synthesized
pyridine-3-sulfonyl isozyanates were converted to
pyridine-3-sulfonyl ureas. Biological activity of the
new compounds was studied and the substances with
high herbicidal effect were found
The article reveals historical aspect of the Donets
Ridge petrophytic vegetation study. The stages of
formation of concepts and terms in the typology of
vegetation of the rocky outcrops of the steppe zone
The work presents the results of the scientific research in
the Taman Peninsula soil properties. We carry out the
historic review of the studies in the Taman Peninsula
soils, and its geological structure. We present
morphological characteristics of the soil profile for the
southern, calcareous, ultra heavy loam chernozem
developed from the loessial loams and forming genetic
horizons. The studies of the humus content in the soils
show the associations between its percentage and the
type and intensity of the agricultural use. Studies of the
soils structure and composition demonstrate marked
aggravation of the soils physical properties caused by
grape growing. The best results of the particle size
analysis have been achieved for the woodland soils. In
woodlands, after their establishment, the soils under the
grass and crown layers develop free of the
anthropogenic impact. We register self-supporting
growth of organic matter and natural processes of soil
fertility recovery; therefore, such soils are characterized
with a greater content of organic matter as compared to
the soils under grape plantings cultivated in the
monoculture regime. Reduced soil organic matter
(humus) content in vineyards results from the disturbed
biological interchange of the matter and increased
anthropogenic impact causing erosion processes
In the populations of Taxus baccata of Foothills and
Inside Mountain Dagestan, we have studied intra- and
interpopulation variability of morphological characters
of yew berry. The article has a contribution of
interpopulation differences in the feature of "diameter
of funnel" with the highest rates in Buynaksk
population and dependency of the form of yew berry
from this feature. According to the results of
discriminant analysis, we have revealed a distinction in
populations on this basis, although the classification
matrix has not given 100% of the forecast for any of
them. It is found, that the seeds of Khunzah population
have relatively large dimensions and yew berry has
more flattened shape compared to piedmont
populations, while the differences in populations based
on seeds are more pronounced than based on yew
berry at low volatility of the characteristics of the first
indicators. It is shown, that the characteristics of seeds
and yew berry of Khunzakh population indicate the
presence of certain genetic differences between
populations inside mountain and foothills, and that the
higher dissemination activity of first population is
aimed at self-preservation, due to the less favorable
conditions for the species. It is expected that the low
variability of the average values for yew berries of
cypress characteristics indicates the stability of the soil
and climatic conditions of its habitats
The article is concerned with the features of Lavandula’s
angustifolia vegetative propagation with methods of the
propagation by herbaceous cuttings and of the annual
woody cutting. The dependence of Lavandula’s varieties
Sineva and Vdala rooting of cutting and the cutting grafting
period and the age of the mother plantation was
established. In the fixed years, the rooting rate of cuttings is
58-67%. The maximum annual hardwood cuttings rooting
was observed from the fifth to the seventh year of the
cuttings’ workpiece (75-77%). The highest rooting rate of
green cuttings belonging to Vdala sort (80%) is observed in
the 3-4th years of use the mother plantation. The best result
for rooting rate by the annual woody cutting showed
Lavandula’s mother plantation, which belongs to Vdala
sort and was being cultivated from 3rd to 6th year. The
rooting of Lavandula’s angustifolia cuttings depends on
weather conditions; during drought years the rooting of
green cuttings is considerably reduced. During Lavandula’s
rooting cuttings it is necessary to take into account the
biological characteristics of each variety