Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article considers the possibility of reducing the cost of tillage in the production of grain crops. The most important economic characteristic of production is operating costs. In terms of agricultural production, they represent the amount of contributions to wages, depreciation, repairs, and the cost of fuel, lubricants and other consumables. In this regard, the aim of the research was to determine the dynamics of operating costs in the production of legumes. Determination of the dynamics of operating costs was carried out on the basis of the results of studies of energy-saving technologies in a stationary experience. Variants of processing of the soil on the conventional technology was layered subsurface tillage combined unit, UNS-3, the layered subsurface tillage unit CUO-2 and conventional tillage (PN-5-35). No provision was made for zero tillage technology. As a result of the research it was found that on pre-sowing tillage and sowing, the value of operating costs varies for the crops under consideration, but has almost the same values (within each crop) for the methods of the main tillage. More preferable for this type of work is zero tillage, as it provides 21-29% lower operating costs due to direct sowing of crops. The highest operating costs for all the crops under consideration are observed in the main tillage. In the same technological period of work operating costs are the most variable. Thus, depending on the technology of the tillage when growing winter wheat, they change within 117,2-5229,2, the production of spring barley - to 167,8-4517,4 and in the production of peas – to 136,6-4517,4 thousand rubles

The article presents the research results on parameters optimization of technological line for loading tobacco leaves into containers. The aim of the research was decreasing labor expenses on preparing tobacco for artificial curing. This was achieved by line modernization utilized for loading tobacco leaves into containers. We have also developed working parts of technological line for automatic loading of tobacco leaves into containers. Researches on weight studying of tobacco leaves of 3 sorts zoned in the Krasnodar region have been carried out. Dispersion analysis has not revealed weight differences between sorts, therefore, further researches can be carried for one sort. Optimization of working part for loading tobacco leaves into containers was carried by analysis of regression equation obtained by bifactorial experiment. Irregularity of leaf position was taken as optimization criterion. It has been discovered that optimal regimes: transporter belt speed v=2,8m/s, number of transporter’s double movements n=19 min-1 can be used for uniform container loading by leaves. Researches on studying line capacity on leaves position irregularity revealed that maximal uniformity obtained when line capacity is 260 kg/h

In the article there are results of theoretical and experimental researches on creating a working part for leafsplitting and orientation of tobacco leaves when preparing for their drying

The use of resource-saving technologies for cultivation of basic crops does not make sense without the use of microelement fertilizers, biologics and growth regulators. All this fully applies to the technology of cultivation of the main bean culture – pea. In the current market conditions of agrochemical products, microfertilizers are presented in a wide range. Identifying the most effective of them at a price and yield increase is a defining task for agricultural producers. In this connection, the purpose of the research was to study the influence of biologics and growth regulators on the development and productivity of peas with the definition of their most effective them. The studies were conducted in 2014-2016 on the fields of the training and demonstration center on the introduction of resource-saving technologies of the IPCC APK VO "DGAU" in Zernograd, Rostov Region. As the studied drugs there were used Rizotorfin, Extrasol, Vigor Fort, Miwal Agro, Flavobacterin, Biogumat Kubansky, KU-8 Agrofon. As a result of the research, it was established that all the preparations studied showed a positive effect on the development of pea plants grade Angela. The yield gain was 0,34-0,56 t/ha in comparison with the control. The most effective are the following ones: Extrasol with a yield increase of 0,56 t / ha (14,6%) and a profitability level of 232%, Mival Agro – 0,54 t/ha (14,1%) and a profitability level of 192%, Biohumat Kuban – 0,55 t/ha (14,3%) and the level of profitability of 271%. A good level of profitability was noted at KU-8 Agrofon – 224%

Planetary mechanisms are used to create the working movement of the Executive bodies of metallurgical and mining machines. Roller working bodies, for the drive of which planetary mechanisms are used, are increasingly being used in the designs of harvesting machines. The processes occurring in the differential threshing devices of harvesting machines are poorly understood, due to the lack of information about the properties of the material in the event of rapidly changing stresses in them. This work is the result of the analysis of previous theoretical as well as experimental studies in the field of threshing. We describe the technological scheme of the shock-vibration threshing device and the principle of its operation. The possible variants of arrangement of drum rolls and drumming are considered. The relationship between the angular velocities of the drum, the drum rolls and the sub-drum is elucidated. Installation of three-sided rollers on the threshing device according to the scheme proposed by us allows additional shaking of the whole threshed rice mass from 75 to 110 times per second

Tillage plays an important role in the production of cereal and grains. The issues of improving the methods applied for soil treatment aimed at improving its quality significantly influencing crop yield have been considered. Reducing of all types of costs: energy, labor, money was also taken into consideration. In this article, based on numerous studies we have proposed to use the effect of oscillatory motion in the working body of tillage, improving the design of tillage machines, reducing the metal consumption of the machine, the intensity of the process while increasing quality of work. The article reveals issues related to embedding of the new tillage of the working body running in a horizontal plane and having special tabs (blade), allowing it to make a reciprocating rotational motion. This working body provides the undercutting of a soil layer and root system of weeds, the crumbling of the soil layer and its interaction with the working surfaces of the blades. The conditions of the sliding soil layer on the surface of the working body and reducing the pressure of the reservoir to the working body are proposed. It decreases the compression of the reservoir and the tractive resistance. We have substantiated the conditions for reciprocating rotational motion of the proposed disk of the working body in the working plane close to the horizontal, when interacting with a layer of the soil

The article discusses the possibilities and presents the results of research on the cultivation of spring barley with different production technologies in conditions of insufficient and unstable wetting of the south of Russia. Experimental studies were carried out in a stationary experiment with a four-field crop rotation with different variants of tillage (dump, flat-cut, layered, without tillage – no-till). It is established that the most expensive is the waste treatment of the soil (PN-5-35), and the least expensive is the technology excluding the impact on the soil. At the same time, the operating costs of labor and fuel consumption at no-till are lower, respectively, by 82-107, 23-48, 131-188% in comparison with traditional types of technology. Hectare fuel consumption with zero technology is 131-188% less than with traditional technologies and amounted to 22.8 kg / ha. The cost of production of spring barley using no-till is 8-41% lower compared to flat-cut, layer-by-layer, and dump technology and amounts to 285 rubles per cent. Calculated per 1 hectare, labor costs, fuel consumption, wages, fuel costs, deductions for renovation and repairs, as well as total operating costs for traditional basic tillage technologies increase, respectively, 1,23-1,48; 2,31-2,88; 1,30-1,56; 3,1-3,81; 1,65-1,85; 1,81-1,96; 1,83-2,09 times compared with no-till. The use of spring barley cultivation technology that excludes impact on the soil provides a fairly high efficiency even at lower yields

In the article the question of the importance of the location of the disk of the workers in the combined aggregates. We have also identified the challenges of technological bundling combined aggregates disk working bodies, depending on destination and condi-tions of work

Improvement trends of methodical approaches in complex cereals harvesting in optimal terms with technical support substantiation are considered. Structure and technical equipment are considered as well

The article describes the purpose, the device, the technological process of work, and also the justification of the parameters and operating modes of the sorting nozzles of the seed separator by weight, dividing individually the seeds of agricultural crops according to their individual weight, thus ensuring the selection of seeds with a large supply of nutrients, the energy of germination and the growth force contributing to the formation of the crop