Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Theoretical, transformational and practical provisions for the development and regulation of small businesses and farms in the country's economy and agriculture are being cleared up. In the process of studying the problem we used logical reasoning, methods of comparing, and monographic, economic and statistical methods also. It is shown that small farming forms (SFF) in agriculture are essential for progressive development of agriculture, which is now recognized as a growth point of import substitution in all national economy. Given the author's interpretation of the category definition "small farming form" in agriculture differs from other definitions, in a more complete evaluation and statistics, provisions regarding private cottages and households as the SFF, their locality of functioning, independence in taking risks, increased adaptation, economic and legal binding, spectrum of production. The article shows the history of definitions of small business and small farming forms, stages of small business development, the scope of its practice abroad and in our country. It is said that a leading role in the formation of small farms belonged to households, which are still playing a leading role in production of agricultural products for their own consumption (without selling on the market). It is noted that at the present stage of industrial transformation of small businesses and small farms they often have a low mechanization level, high cost structure of manual labor. They have problems in adapting to the sector of services, in embedding into a complex system of relationships with medium and large business on the basis of technological specialization and also promoting innovation. It is emphasized that today the growing role of small businesses, small farms makes it more pragmatic to assess the prospects of development of this sector in our country

It is proposed to differentiate the housing by the various qualifying characteristics, including ways of conducting transactions on the primary and secondary markets, organized and unorganized; in and out of the exchange markets. The signs of the functional purpose of the housing market are systematized, the composition of market participants are detailed. The author provides the statistical information on the key participants in the regional housing market, and the main investors in this market, indicating areas of interest. As investors, in the local housing market are considered: the organs of management of state property, municipal property, civil persons, legal entity, organizations, physical and legal foreign persons, and other participants in housing projects. It is noted that in practice, the greatest distribution was achieved by the following forms of participation in the construction: equity, the issuance of securities to attract investors, banking and mortgage lending. Than, this practices are analyzed, and the advantages of each of these systems are systematized. There is also a system of performance indicators of the regional housing market, consisting of three groups: volumes of housing construction, the cost and availability of housing. For the third group, it is proposed to add the housing affordability index for which the method of its calculation is shown. The simplicity of the recommended approach allows to carry out operative calculations in the practice of construction with determination of affordability of housing for certain categories of population based on its income, at all regional housing markets. The economic essence of this indicator characterizes the ratio of the market price of housing and the income level of the population. The retrospective and prospective trends of development of regional housing policy are shown

The definition of "small agricultural businesses" (SAB) is clarified, the effective functioning and regulation of development of subjects SAB are elaborated. The authors used the principles of systemic-functional analysis, methods, rationale, economic-statistical, monographic, SWOT-analysis, graphic and others. The author's definition of small agricultural businesses was offered. The functioning and regulation of development of subjects of SAB are refined and systematized. The modern competitive opportunities of SAB and others are identified and systematized. It’s being said that the competitive position of subjects of small agrarian farms (SAF) are often provided with increasingly innovative approaches with flexibility of internal management, the ability to quickly adapt to constantly changing conjuncture market. However, as practice shows, the direction of development in small economies does not act as a priority of modern agricultural policy in this field, often dominated by declarative intent rather than running behind these statements required volumes of investment in regulation of SAF subjects development

It is being said, that with a large number of studies on the functioning and regulation of the growth of small agricultural farms there is remaining a number of problematic provisions research on conceptual framework of small management, forecasting, process optimization, management decision making, and innovative development of small agricultural farms. It is noted, that in processes of support and regulation of small farms today it is invested more and more of the state budget. Their use is closely tied to the definition of "small farms", the correct assignment of entities for this field. In this regard, the authors offer a definition of small agricultural businesses, which differs from the widely used in scientific and industrial practice the definition of small farms by greater brevity, and referencing to these entities all small agricultural producers, including domestic urban economy. Among the features of small agricultural entities, the authors emphasize: the independence, poly productive model orientation, low development and applicability of management techniques, economic knowledge, culture of market relations, information, consulting services, and general infrastructure of production. Strengths of small entities include small initial capital to "uplift business", high autonomy, flexibility, process management, high efficiency, low fixed costs, and possibilities of effective mobilization of material and financial resources. It is also proposed to enhance the development of relationships for IV sphere of agricultural sector: consulting, research, educational, financial, informational, and other services to improve the efficiency of functioning of small agricultural farms

The article says that small agricultural farms (SAF) play a significant role in import substitution of food, which is aimed at replacing imported agricultural commodities and finished products to domestic security. SAF subjects of Krasnodar region made a significant contribution to the increase of efficiency of regional economy. The share of small agricultural farms is 29% of regional production of grain and meat, 36% of milk, 47% of egg, 10% of sugar beet, 30% of sunflower and 95% of potatoes, 70% of vegetables, and 29% of grapes which makes a significant contribution to the process of import substitution. In addition, the SAF showed a large positive impact on the sustainability of farming, the development dynamics of the entire rural economy, increase the competitiveness of the whole field due to the increase in segment sales, improving market sales in the infrastructure. Today SAF perform a priority vector of development of regional agrarian policy. However, when the share of regional agricultural production segment is more than 35%, a small management gets only 10% of the sum of all sources of state support. In recent years, stimulation measures of subjects of small agrarian farms aimed at increasing the size of the land, the abolition of the standards concerning the number of animals, improving lending conditions, facilitating the starting of economic conditions, union efforts to organize sales channels and other programs. However, the situation with crediting SAF is improving too slowly due to lack of sufficient collateral, and only a small part of them can use loans. Besides, the bureaucratic and departmental barriers are still saved. They still face trade discrimination in the retail markets and great difficulties due to the new requirements of the construction markets, the endowment channels marketing of products etc. All this dictates the need for further improvement of the economic mechanism of regulation of small agricultural development

Availability of selling channels is the key to further successful development of subjects of small agrarian farms. Today, the share of large chain retailers continues to grow, breaking the 25% bar of all retail sales, and the share of agricultural markets and fairs reduced by reason of redundancy for the control and regulation of trade. Recent monitoring revealed that prices of cabbage, carrots, tomatoes, potatoes, onions, and beets at agricultural fairs were 15-20% lower than in stores. So, if to destroy small market infrastructure, the peasant farm, personal subsidiary and other small agricultural production, provision of their products to local farm markets just dies. However, agricultural markets are waiting for bad changes – they will be obliged to work only indoor, in permanent buildings. Agricultural markets, which can not cope with the implementation of the new law, will be forced to close, to withdraw from the market. The authors predict that the closing of small markets will lead to a rise in price of foods on the average on 15% and believe the decision of postponing the implementation of the law to 2010 is correct, including transferring territorial authorities the right to carry agricultural markets in capital structures, allocation to mobile trading in a separate category with a simplified procedure of regulation, and making transparent and unified principles of regulation of non-stationary trade

The problems of import substitution, resource features of the agrarian economy, through which you can generate significant competitive advantage, are discussed. It is noted that low abroad interest rates on loans create obvious unequal starting opportunities throughout the domestic business. As a result the cost of imported food in value chain terms reached in our country an enormous rate of $45 billion and that government realized the need of strengthening of food security, transferring of production of traditional kinds of products which form the basis of consumption of the population in our country, to the domestic market. It is noted that we need temporary moderate state protectionism and protection of the domestic market with the aim of modernizing the economy, attracting investors in the important field of production with high risks. The main problems and solutions that will help to further successful implementation of this strategy in the sectors of our economy are highlighted. It is noted that our region has the most effecting rural industrial structure, the best country’s climate, enlarged crop rotation, cheap labor resources, extensive experience in agribusiness. It is proposed to perform a set of measures to reduce systemic risks in agribusiness

This article notes that agricultural production is not a self-regulating system. The article highlights specific features of agricultural production and forms of ownership of the major productive resource – land, ineffective policies of promoting development and introduction of innovative technologies. It is noted that the system of measures and tools of state regulation of agricultural production have two directions of influence: governmental regulation of the agricultural market mechanism and industrial governmental support for manufacturers. The authors give classification of methods and instruments of state regulation, liberalization of the agricultural sector in the WTO, levels of aggregate support for agriculture; as well as identifies the key growth areas of the governmental support and discusses the basic institutions of governmental regulation: ownership, legal Institute of economic management and the Institute of organization management. It's pointed out that the current dynamics of the development of agricultural production in our country is determined by four major external factors: the Institute of Western sanctions imposed against our country, Russia's integration into the international market by joining the World Trade Organization, the functioning of the Single Economic Space within the Customs Union, and the necessity of solving problems of import substitution and food security of our country. Implementation of these methods requires significant institutional transformation and transition into the new levels of legal, commercial, and economic regulation with observance of equitable international cooperation. In conclusion, the authors discuss an insufficient level of development stimulation in domestic agriculture

This article discusses the forming methodology development and implementation of competitive strategy of industrial enterprises, based on the simulation of structural models of competition

In the article, we are revealing system problems of improvement of the quality in training of masters for the economic direction; the mechanisms and set of instruments of their realization by means of the contemporary technologies of informational-dimensional educational medium are determined