Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Polythematic online scientific journal
of Kuban State Agrarian University
ISSN 1990-4665
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Lisovskaya Raksana Nirolaevna

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Kuban State Agrarian University
   

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Articles count: 15

166 kb

TO THE ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PEASANT AND PERSONAL FARMS OF THE POPULATION

abstract 1181604029 issue 118 pp. 534 – 547 29.04.2016 ru 450
Small agrarian and personal peasant farms present an important segment of agricultural production along with other subjects. Their role is becoming more prominent with the increasing of their own production potential. Nevertheless, their resource base remains very weak, the basic means of production are worn out, and many of them are unable to improve technical equipment. In this segment, leasing options are limited, there are problems in logistics management, and small entities do not have market power in the market of production resources and in products marketing. The lack of collateral generates high cost lending and permanent bankruptcy. On the other hand, it is noted that small entities have a large diversity of organizational and legal forms, an informal control system high interchangeability of production functions, they combine the status of the owner and the manager. They significantly reduce the social tension in rural areas; they play a significant role in import substitution. Characteristic features of small agricultural farms (SAF) are high autonomy, independence, self-protection from environmental factors. They spend little money on creating jobs, have low fixed costs and independently overcome the difficulties. However, an underdeveloped industrial infrastructure of small business hinders the improvement of the technological level. They work with constant external interference, which reduces their production efficiency and market competitiveness. All of them highly depend on local production conditions, capacity of territorial markets. Low level of cooperation of participants SAF significantly limits the number of sales channels, increases the volatility realization. The analysis showed a high need for realization of the revealed reserves of efficiency growth
183 kb

THE POSSIBILITIES OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION AND EXPORT ORIENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS

abstract 1111507033 issue 111 pp. 598 – 614 30.09.2015 ru 931
The meaning of the definition of "import substitution" is clarified, import and export item features of the national economy are discussed, special attention is paid to the possibilities of expanding domestic and international markets by enhancing the competitiveness of industrial economies, the development of production with a large number of processing and high added value, increasing the traditional segment of high-tech products. It is noted that modern export orientation expands not only the market share of domestic products on foreign markets, but also significantly improves the competitive position of producing organizations in the domestic market. Potential geographical areas and countries-consumers of products of domestic production enterprises are highlighted. The article emphasizes the advantages to be gained from a substitution in the short to medium term with moderate protectionism by the state. The problems and possibilities of import substitution in agriculture and also the impact of past crisis, devaluation of the ruble on the processes of import substitution and export orientation, the role of the implementation process of import substitution in the security of the country are discussed. We offer solutions which will contribute to more successful implementation of the strategy of import substitution in manufacturing industries of agriculture; we have also made prognoses about short, medium and long term positive and negative predictive effects of import substitution and export orientation using retrospective of development of these processes
191 kb

THE NECESSITY OF IMPROVING THE SYSTEM OF DEVELOPMENT OF REGULATION OF SMALL AGRARIAN BUSINESS

abstract 1191605011 issue 119 pp. 174 – 191 31.05.2016 ru 326
Practice shows that the level of development of small agricultural farms is an important indicator of favorability of the conditions created by government for development of production and rural territories. Conversely, the degree of development of rural areas has an impact on the development of small agricultural entities. It is necessary to increase the independence, motivation, municipal authorities in socioeconomic development of given territories. However, today, there is a relative decrease in the level of support for small businesses. Since 2007, the Support of agriculture in our region has grown almost by three times, but small agrarian business grew only by 34.3%, that is, in fact, observed as a negative trend, when adjusted for inflation. Without a system of state support of small business it is problematic to conduct a correct reproduction of the herd and to increase the volume of industry’s output. Such situation results in: lower rural incomes, especially in private subsidiary farms; the number of jobs, increase of unemployment, social tension in society, and a negative effect on the regional economy. It is necessary to improve the economic mechanism of state support of small businesses, to improve the conditions of lending and investments, to create conditions for increasing production of marketable products and new jobs, to increase rural employment, to improve the system of cooperation in production, processing, storage, transportation and sale of products to small businesses, to improve social infrastructure, to improve the quality of rural life. The authors have developed and offered corrective suggestions for implementation of the regional target program of development of small forms of businesses for 2016- 2020 with the definition of deadlines and funding, by blocks of the organization of competitive production, support for family farms, system of agricultural cooperation, and marketing of commercial products
204 kb

THE NATURE, GROWTH STAGES AND DIRECTIONS OF SMALL AGRARIAN FARMING

abstract 1151601033 issue 115 pp. 498 – 516 27.01.2016 ru 610
It is said, that small agrarian economy takes an important place in the market economy, creates new jobs, new sources of income in excessing labor resources of the rural sector .The transformational stages of small business development, motivation of starting up cooperation, conditions of formation of mixed economy is discussed. The development of diverse economic forms is considered here. The main ones are: small agricultural farms with low technical and energy equipment of labor, low level of mechanization and high level of manual labor. Small agricultural businesses were developed in the provision of production services in agriculture; the production of small agricultural forms of management that are embedded in a complex system of relations between technological specialization with medium and large businesses; small farms, which are independently or in cooperation aimed at commercial implementation, development and realization of innovations. It is shown that today's best practices in support of small business implement a number of avenues to reduce tax contributions to the pension funds of entities that use high technology; the use of tax holidays on property; the abolition of tax on profits of small industries, obtained through the sale of paper funds and other assets; the extension of preferential privatization rented small industries of real estate, with exemption from payment of tax on value added; the provision of annual financial aid packages to small businesses; the transfer to the budgets of the municipalities collected payment for the sale of patents from small entrepreneurial activity and other areas of support. The necessity of improving the economic instruments, replacement of the existing inefficient structure of domestic small entities, a greater motivation in creating new jobs, raising the living level of participants of subjects of small forms of managing
214 kb

THE IMPORT SUBSTITUTION AS A TRANSITION TO EXPORT ORIENTATION APC

abstract 1111507034 issue 111 pp. 615 – 633 30.09.2015 ru 1137
The goals of import substitution, import data and export resource features of the agrarian economy, through which you can generate significant competitive advantage are discussed. It is noted that the flight of the capital abroad creates jobs not for our economy, but for our competitors, that low interest rates on loans create obvious unequal starting opportunities throughout the domestic business. As a result the cost of imported food in value-chain terms reached in our country an enormous rate of $45 billion and that government realized the need of strengthening of food security, transferring of production of traditional kinds of products which form the basis of consumption of the population in our country, to the domestic market. It is noted that we need temporary moderate state protectionism and protection of the domestic market with the aim of modernizing the economy, attracting investors in the important field of production with high risks. The main problems and solutions that will help to further successful implementation of this strategy in the sectors of our economy are highlighted. It is proposed to establish a network of specialized information centers to support import substitution with a database of technological profiles of organizations. The author block diagram of the information support and import substitution is given. The importance of federal and regional programs functioning in the import substitution is noted. The author's plan for their implementation is given . Predictive modeling of short-term, medium-term and long-term positive and negative consequences of import substitution and export orientation are implemented. The authors stress that the substitution should be seen as a transition to export orientation of the agricultural economy.
188 kb

THE FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE STATE REGULATION OF SMALL RURAL FARMING

abstract 1151601032 issue 115 pp. 480 – 497 27.01.2016 ru 602
The features of the process of functioning, development and regulation of agricultural growth of small agrarian farming forms (SAFF) with the participation of the state are discussed. It is noted that systematization of features of small agricultural farms plays a big role in the increasing of economic efficiency and state regulation. It is said that in certain circumstances, the same features can have both positive and negative, problematic impact, so the authors conducted their separate classification. They consider a great influence of SAFF on local development, rural employment, tax and social preferences, opportunities of cooperation, low costs and risks to create new jobs, informal management, combining the functions of manager and owner in one person, a high sensitivity to government regulation, protection of the population from the local monopoly of employers, selfdevelopment, responsibility, self-defense from external factors, and others to be positive. But SAFF work in the environment of perfect competition in the absence of market power, low, often only declared security, an underdeveloped industrial infrastructure of small farms, a high probability of unauthorized interference from shadow entities, supervisory bodies, local bureaucracy, institutional limitations in the access to information, counseling material and financial resources, low mobility, small size of economy, high dependence on local conditions, capacity of local raw material and consumer market, limited distribution channels, permanent market volatility, distrust of the practice of production and consumer cooperatives, the scarcity of capital, problematic accessibility to financial instruments, the high cost of credit, low legitimacy, the credibility of the decisions of the local bureaucracy is considered to be negative
155 kb

THE DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION OF SMALL FORM PRODUCTION IN RETROSPECTIVE

abstract 1081504048 issue 108 pp. 654 – 668 30.04.2015 ru 992
Theoretical, transformational and practical provisions for the development and regulation of small businesses and farms in the country's economy and agriculture are being cleared up. In the process of studying the problem we used logical reasoning, methods of comparing, and monographic, economic and statistical methods also. It is shown that small farming forms (SFF) in agriculture are essential for progressive development of agriculture, which is now recognized as a growth point of import substitution in all national economy. Given the author's interpretation of the category definition "small farming form" in agriculture differs from other definitions, in a more complete evaluation and statistics, provisions regarding private cottages and households as the SFF, their locality of functioning, independence in taking risks, increased adaptation, economic and legal binding, spectrum of production. The article shows the history of definitions of small business and small farming forms, stages of small business development, the scope of its practice abroad and in our country. It is said that a leading role in the formation of small farms belonged to households, which are still playing a leading role in production of agricultural products for their own consumption (without selling on the market). It is noted that at the present stage of industrial transformation of small businesses and small farms they often have a low mechanization level, high cost structure of manual labor. They have problems in adapting to the sector of services, in embedding into a complex system of relationships with medium and large business on the basis of technological specialization and also promoting innovation. It is emphasized that today the growing role of small businesses, small farms makes it more pragmatic to assess the prospects of development of this sector in our country
151 kb

SOCIO-ECONOMIC FEATURES OF SMALL FARMS DEVELOPMENT

abstract 1171603040 issue 117 pp. 634 – 647 31.03.2016 ru 497
It is being said, that with a large number of studies on the functioning and regulation of the growth of small agricultural farms there is remaining a number of problematic provisions research on conceptual framework of small management, forecasting, process optimization, management decision making, and innovative development of small agricultural farms. It is noted, that in processes of support and regulation of small farms today it is invested more and more of the state budget. Their use is closely tied to the definition of "small farms", the correct assignment of entities for this field. In this regard, the authors offer a definition of small agricultural businesses, which differs from the widely used in scientific and industrial practice the definition of small farms by greater brevity, and referencing to these entities all small agricultural producers, including domestic urban economy. Among the features of small agricultural entities, the authors emphasize: the independence, poly productive model orientation, low development and applicability of management techniques, economic knowledge, culture of market relations, information, consulting services, and general infrastructure of production. Strengths of small entities include small initial capital to "uplift business", high autonomy, flexibility, process management, high efficiency, low fixed costs, and possibilities of effective mobilization of material and financial resources. It is also proposed to enhance the development of relationships for IV sphere of agricultural sector: consulting, research, educational, financial, informational, and other services to improve the efficiency of functioning of small agricultural farms
383 kb

SMALL AGRO-BUSINESS IN THE IMPORT SUBSTITUTION CONDITIONS

abstract 1121508103 issue 112 pp. 1420 – 1433 30.10.2015 ru 1067
The article deals with problems and possibilities in agriculture import substitution conditions and considers the significant role of small agrarian forms in this economy processes. The article notes that the main aim of import substitution is improving the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products through greater motivation of technological, modernization and innovation policy in production, through the development of new innovative, more competitive food products with higher consumer parameters. Practice shows that the most effective substitution is carried out in the agricultural sector and the food industry. The Krasnodar region has the most efficient developed agriculture production structure with the best natural and investment climate in the country, with enlarged of crop rotation fields, excessive and relatively low labor cost with the best experience in agricultural production. The author discusses about the detail problems of import substitution with participation of small businesses in the areas of grain production, sugar beet, about the difficulties in material and technical equipment, provision of seed and other problems. The problems of the financial component in large and small businesses specifically mentions, also in the field of cost management processing, pricing, formation of gross profit. The article emphasizes the importance of recovering the lost possibilities of breeding in animal husbandry, especially in pig and cattle. The most difficult situation is with lending, where the author recommends the reduction of rates for farmers in the short and medium term lending to the level of 3-5%. The author considers a changes in the mechanism of redistribution of public support in favor of livestock very important, where there are large risks, difficulties of long-term credits, problems of technological discipline observance and more
173 kb

REGIONAL FACTORS OF SMALL AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS DEVELOPMENT

abstract 1181604030 issue 118 pp. 548 – 562 29.04.2016 ru 625
The article says that small agricultural farms (SAF) play a significant role in import substitution of food, which is aimed at replacing imported agricultural commodities and finished products to domestic security. SAF subjects of Krasnodar region made a significant contribution to the increase of efficiency of regional economy. The share of small agricultural farms is 29% of regional production of grain and meat, 36% of milk, 47% of egg, 10% of sugar beet, 30% of sunflower and 95% of potatoes, 70% of vegetables, and 29% of grapes which makes a significant contribution to the process of import substitution. In addition, the SAF showed a large positive impact on the sustainability of farming, the development dynamics of the entire rural economy, increase the competitiveness of the whole field due to the increase in segment sales, improving market sales in the infrastructure. Today SAF perform a priority vector of development of regional agrarian policy. However, when the share of regional agricultural production segment is more than 35%, a small management gets only 10% of the sum of all sources of state support. In recent years, stimulation measures of subjects of small agrarian farms aimed at increasing the size of the land, the abolition of the standards concerning the number of animals, improving lending conditions, facilitating the starting of economic conditions, union efforts to organize sales channels and other programs. However, the situation with crediting SAF is improving too slowly due to lack of sufficient collateral, and only a small part of them can use loans. Besides, the bureaucratic and departmental barriers are still saved. They still face trade discrimination in the retail markets and great difficulties due to the new requirements of the construction markets, the endowment channels marketing of products etc. All this dictates the need for further improvement of the economic mechanism of regulation of small agricultural development
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