Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Process of shoot formation of cereals is associated with the formation of zone shortened internodes, establishes buds certain capacity and completes transition by growth and formation of crop aboveground mass of each individual. Process of shoot formation is divided into three phases - preparatory, hidden and visible tillering, each of which is different peculiar morphological and cytobiochemical development

Toxicity complex compost arises during compiling of organomineral mixtures of various waste of life, agriculture and mineral industries. One of detoxification factors of complex compost is the ability of heavy metal cations to the formation insoluble compounds, which are fixed by clay materials and different disperse systems, and differ markedly by calcium content, acidity and humus soil-absorbing complex

Complex compost includes all elements of the periodic table and is valuable due to the complexity of its system. Among the elements forming a chemical composition of the complex compost we can identify two most important, which are distinguishing a specific character of the interaction with each other and defining the basic processes to ensure vegetation of living system - nitrogen and carbon. Nitrogen determines the rate of energy and connects with living forms of organic matter; it is included as the part of protein and is a major element in determining the productivity of ecosystems. At the cycle of carbon its organic forms and carbon dioxide take a part, presenting the main factors of the processes of respiration and photosynthesis

Apogeotropic shoots of cereal different of wide range of types of shoots, noticeable differences on characteristic, features of development, their role in the herbage, the seasonal dynamics of crop formation, experiencing noticeable effect on the reaction conditions of soil fertility and humidity. Multiyear cereals in the process of shoot formation form the generative, hidden generative, elongated, short side and underground runners. Multiyear cereals are widely distributed throughout the world, including the tribe Antropogoneae, Chloridaeae, Maydae, Peniceae, Tripsaceae, Festucoideae and others that presented in different parts of the world, and perennial and annual forms. Many cereals are allocated notable longevity, which is largely determined by a wide adaptability to vegetatively propagate. Between northern and southern grasses differences are observed throughout the development of individuals, beginning with emergence. In the southern cereal first sheet has a lancet or ovoid shape and bent at a right angle to his vagina, it is the northern linear subulate form. Cereals are different typology of different shoots. Most large divergence is characterized with erect shoots in both groups of cereals

Studying of perennial cereals of southern and boreal origin led to the allocation of plagiotropic shoots of rhizomes, stolons, that are placed in the soil or on the surface from the apical or lateral kidney of various structures with modified leaves, the beginnings of roots at nodes and developing of type kidney - lengthened shoots. Two types was allocated: type of solid finned cylinder and type of intermittent cylinder with scattered around the periphery of vascular bundles: first include cereals temperate regions and is characterized by separation from the epidermis continuous sclerenchyma ring, the second type (sorghum and millet) no continuous mechanical ring and vascular bundles relatively evenly spaced along the periphery of the shoots

We know, that in the development of the natural ecosystems of the Western Priazovye its biomass predominates. This ensures the maximum protection from noticeable changes of habitat. Basic succession defining a significant shift of energy flow in the direction to increase of their expenditures to maintain forming populations determined by broad specialization of natural systems on ecological niches, and their individuals have rather small size, the life cycles of many of them are very simple and short. The coastal strip of the Azov Sea has been seriously degraded due to powerful recreational load, especially in the summer. Presumably one should expect an increased anthropogenic load on ecosystems of this area. Quite obvious is a regularity of overload agroecosystem which occupies the territory between the river and other water formations. The relatively low productivity of agricultural systems of the Eastern Azov is limited by number of factors, among which the main place is occupied with the moisture, nutrients and high weediness of sown areas

Climatic cycles associated with global phases of create gasses are the reasons of oscillation ecosystems and their constituent. Ecological capacitance of systems increases or decreases due to the appearance of new ecological niches, which creating favorable conditions for expanding or narrowing opportunities of adapting new types of organization of living organisms and their significant changes. Conjugacy of the biological evolution of living organisms with geological crises and periodic variations in solar activity is observed. Direction in the development of plant life forms since the beginning of their occurrence was quite varied. The most deeply the development of life forms was developed for flowering plants, starting from of different groups of gymnosperms. The main reasons for selection of life forms are due to challenges facing researchers

The article considers the peculiarities of turf and sod, specificity of formation of kidneys for regeneration, types of shoots, vegetative mobility and specificity of growth in certain conditions, turf grasses are divided into loosely-and tightly-turf characterized, by specific features of environmental, biological characteristics; forming turf from generative rosettes, elongated and shortened vegetative, side ground shoots, differing specificity of morphological, biochemical and fitocoenotical features

Considering the nature of the development of sod, gemmation resumption for a period of unfavorable conditions, types of shoots, their vegetative mobility and placement in terms of ecological niches rhizomatous grasses are divided into rhizomatous, rhizome-loosely-turf and sod-rhizomatous biomorphological types, that stand out the specifics of environmental and biological characteristics forming generative, elongated, lateral shoots and roots, differing features of morphology, anatomy, biochemistry and phytocoenology forming continuous grass stand

Creation of joint sowings is very complicated modern environmental problem and the solution is impossible without a comprehensive study of the relationship between individuals of different species that are emerging at the level of a plant community. Studying biotic relationships between taxa used in these crops is very important; joint crops include combinations (sowing crops in rows) and mixed crops (crop seeds mixed and sown together); great attention in the mixed and combined sowings has been paid to selection and combination of cultures