Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The condition of agrolandscape systems of Kuban has limited number of natural factors, among which an important place is occupied by temperature, moisture, nutrients and places with weediness of sown areas. Basic soils are occupied by cultivation of agricultural crops with a significant presence of segetal communities in the tilled crops, as well as field protective strips. In soils of agricultural landscapes there are actively developing bacteria, actinomycetes and microscopic fungi, the representatives of mesofauna, qualitative composition of which is very varied. When characterizing the soils we can mark a broad aspect of their contamination with heavy metals and oil, as well we pay attention to peculiarities of agriculture

Studying of perennial cereals of southern and boreal origin led to the allocation of plagiotropic shoots of rhizomes, stolons, that are placed in the soil or on the surface from the apical or lateral kidney of various structures with modified leaves, the beginnings of roots at nodes and developing of type kidney - lengthened shoots. Two types was allocated: type of solid finned cylinder and type of intermittent cylinder with scattered around the periphery of vascular bundles: first include cereals temperate regions and is characterized by separation from the epidermis continuous sclerenchyma ring, the second type (sorghum and millet) no continuous mechanical ring and vascular bundles relatively evenly spaced along the periphery of the shoots

The steppe rivers of Kuban, which form their landscapes in the space between the basins of the rivers Don and Kuban, are divided into two subtypes: the rivers of internal flow which flow into the small ponds (Panura, Kirpili et al.), and the rivers of external flow which flow into the Sea of Azov (Eja, Beysug, Chelbas); direction of flow of these rivers is defined slightly downward from the high right bank of the Kuban (up to 50m) and the eastern slopes (altitude up to 50-170m) of Stavropol Upland; shores of rivers are heavily deforested, subjected to strong anthropogenic pressure and water systems contaminated of organic substances. Plowing of catchment areas to foreshore and plowing dry beams, as well as cutting of forests caused huge harm of river systems. The qualitative composition of microorganisms is not very varied. Polluted rivers and bottom sediments are dominated by saprotrophic microorganisms, spore-bearing and other rod-shaped bacteria. In the samples of sludge we marked high titer thiobacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Complex of actinomycetes was investigated. The species composition of vascular plants includes 135 species from 48 families, most numerous asteraceae, cereals and legumes. The dominant plant of many floodplains steppe rivers is common reed, which contributes to the process of silting soil particles from the fields and the destruction of the sod with overgrazing. Among phytocenoses there is a domination of reed grass-forb deposits on moist soils, mesophilic couch grass-forb and grass-forb xerophytic. In soil biota of floodplains it is dominated by oligochaetes, bottom fauna molluscs and oligochaetes, water - rotifers and cladocerans

The article considers the peculiarities of turf and sod, specificity of formation of kidneys for regeneration, types of shoots, vegetative mobility and specificity of growth in certain conditions, turf grasses are divided into loosely-and tightly-turf characterized, by specific features of environmental, biological characteristics; forming turf from generative rosettes, elongated and shortened vegetative, side ground shoots, differing specificity of morphological, biochemical and fitocoenotical features

In herbaceous communities of annual crops dominate clean sowings, which are characterized by high productivity. However, it is very poorly adapted, different weak transformation of matter and energy and stronger exposed to stressful situations as compared to natural systems. In agroecosystems only structural diversity can supporting many processes on a much aligned level. In agrolandscape system creates mixed sowings that are practiced in forage production of many areas. Great importance is the selection of crops for joint sowing because the relationship of species in created systems are poorly investigated and documented in the literature is not enough. Investigations were carried out on experimental plots on the farm called "Zavety Ilyicha" of the Leningrad district and training farm called "Kuban" in Krasnodar. Formation of joint sowings in different moistening conditions, level of fertility, chemical and physical condition of the soil is a very big problem. Cultivation of different cultures in joint sowings significantly influences the terms the onset of main phases of vegetation in certain species. For example, the placement of sorghum between rows of soybean noticeably extended the period of its vegetation (5-7 days); acceleration of interphase periods was marked for amaranth; height of plant noticeably was changed, leaf area was varied, indicator of competitive features of individual species was differed. The existence of the relationship between the method of sowing crops, their farming practices and composition of species and population of microflora, mesofauna of soil, yield of dry matter and grain was observed

Creation of joint sowings is very complicated modern environmental problem and the solution is impossible without a comprehensive study of the relationship between individuals of different species that are emerging at the level of a plant community. Studying biotic relationships between taxa used in these crops is very important; joint crops include combinations (sowing crops in rows) and mixed crops (crop seeds mixed and sown together); great attention in the mixed and combined sowings has been paid to selection and combination of cultures

Apogeotropic shoots of cereal different of wide range of types of shoots, noticeable differences on characteristic, features of development, their role in the herbage, the seasonal dynamics of crop formation, experiencing noticeable effect on the reaction conditions of soil fertility and humidity. Multiyear cereals in the process of shoot formation form the generative, hidden generative, elongated, short side and underground runners. Multiyear cereals are widely distributed throughout the world, including the tribe Antropogoneae, Chloridaeae, Maydae, Peniceae, Tripsaceae, Festucoideae and others that presented in different parts of the world, and perennial and annual forms. Many cereals are allocated notable longevity, which is largely determined by a wide adaptability to vegetatively propagate. Between northern and southern grasses differences are observed throughout the development of individuals, beginning with emergence. In the southern cereal first sheet has a lancet or ovoid shape and bent at a right angle to his vagina, it is the northern linear subulate form. Cereals are different typology of different shoots. Most large divergence is characterized with erect shoots in both groups of cereals

This article summarizes the results of the study of physical, chemical and biological characteristics of mineral waste; it analyzes the specific features of its behavior when applied to the soil in pure form and in complex compost; the possibility of using some of them as an ameliorant for improving the fertility of soil common in the steppe zone of the region

Formation of the compound compost is due to com-pounds of mineral and organic colloids, creating new cycles biogens, enhancing the enzymatic activity of or-ganic matter, respiration of living organisms, the occur-rence of gaseous compounds, especially nitrogen, ex-panding ecological niches. Number of microbial com-munities evaluates the level transformation of organic matter, the activity life-support systems of living organ-isms. Introduction of complex compost to the soil en-hances of possibilities of ecological niches

Considering the nature of the development of sod, gemmation resumption for a period of unfavorable conditions, types of shoots, their vegetative mobility and placement in terms of ecological niches rhizomatous grasses are divided into rhizomatous, rhizome-loosely-turf and sod-rhizomatous biomorphological types, that stand out the specifics of environmental and biological characteristics forming generative, elongated, lateral shoots and roots, differing features of morphology, anatomy, biochemistry and phytocoenology forming continuous grass stand