Name
Vereshchagin Nikolai Ivanovich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Russian State Agrarian University of K.A.Timiryazev
Web site url
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Articles count: 3
Material and technical resources form the bulk of the
cost in the production of agricultural products and
determine the level of intensity of agricultural
development, productivity and competitiveness of the
industry. The most important role in agricultural
production has been given to transport operation, as the
performance and the quality of the implementation of
which depends directly on the amount and the grade of
the products. On intraeconomic transportation in the
APC RF, along with the car we widely use tractor
trucks. Unfortunately, in most cases for the
transportation of agricultural goods we use supersize
trucks, including construction purposes, with a high
axle loading. These vehicles need roads with improved
coating to each field. Here we may note substantial
shortcomings of transportation. Because of the
unnecessary displacements from combines to dump
trucks to the end of the field, the costs and the losses are increasing and the arrival of heavy machinery in the
field leads to soil compaction, which ultimately affects
the future harvest. The successful implementation of
agricultural work is strongly associated with the timely
and volume movement of a variety of materials, such as
animal feed, fertilizers, construction, and other loads. A
lot of these works needs roads; nevertheless, the quality
of agricultural roads and field work significantly affects
the timely and high-quality forage. Thus an important
part of any machinery tractor fleet of agricultural
production is taken by the presence of modern cars,
tractor-trailers and semi-trailers. Continuous growth in
the saturation of tractors carried out around the world,
improves the performance of tractor transport aggregate
by increasing their capacity and speed, either on the
road or in the field. However, if you increase the
saturation of tractors, it encounters problems related to
the deterioration of the controllability of the tractor and
transport unit. To address emerging when increasing the
saturation of tractors problems, we have proposed
devices, allowing reducing negative impact on the
production of elevated oscillatory processes, to increase
the permeability and straightness of movement of
tractor-transport unit
Due to the deterioration of the ecological situation
in the world, population tends to eat organically
grown foods that are grown either without or with
minimal use of chemicals. The development of
agriculture in this direction leads ultimately to
organic agriculture. To improve the competitiveness of this direction, we need more
effective agricultural machines, especially in the
last phase of cultivation, namely at the stage of
harvesting. One of the most difficult scientific and
technical problems with the mechanical harvesting
of potatoes is not letting vegetable impurities and
tops to fall down in the hopper with the potato
tubers, which among other things will improve
operational efficiency technology. The article
reviewed the various methods for removing the
tops, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.
The article makes a conclusion about the need for
potato top separators in harvesting machines. We
have also considered a promising device for
removing haulm, a conveyor with flexible fingers
on the bars and the clamping beater. Тhe most
short-lived structural element of the device for
removing haulm, reducing reliability of the device,
is flexible fingers mounted on rods. We have
proposed to use polyurethane as a material for
manufacturing flexible fingers
The most labor- and energy-intensive part of potato
machine production technology is harvesting which is
done mainly with harvesters. Modern potato
harvesters meet the required efficiency data in
favorable conditions. In erroneous conditions
(primarily characterized by high or low soil moisture)
the efficiency of separating the tubers from impurities
is reduced, and the loss and damage of the products
increase. This situation is due to the imperfection of
the separation device of potato harvesters. Up to 1000
tons of soil per 1 ha is separated at the separation
device in the process of harvesting. As a result, the
potato harvesters capacity on the whole is determined
by their separators output. Nowadays, rod elevators
are most widespread and used. One of the main
drawbacks is the significant increase of tubers
damage in a case of low soil moisture mainly caused
by the contact of the tubers pile with the side frames
of the harvesting machine. From the above reasoning,
one can confirm that the increase of capacity and
functioning quality of potato harvesters’ separation
devices is an urgent scientific-and-technical task of
agriculture