Name
Khrustalev Evgeny Yurievich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Central Economics and Mathematics Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow
Web site url
—
—
Articles count: 39
In the article we have developed a methodology to assess the effectiveness of various types of military and economic activities, the effectiveness of which determines the value of the defense capabilities of the state; we have also revealed the economic substance of defense capabilities and combat readiness of troops, justified approaches to determining the significance of ongoing military-oriented activities, identified main activities of the specific conditions of defense industries which leave their marks on the cost-effectiveness in the production of material resources for the Russian military service. The analysis of the flow direction of monetary environment of estimated units indicates that the current practice of planning and cost accounting is not fully adapted for military-economic analysis of measures to ensure the establishment of the defense capabilities of the state, and this makes it difficult to study and make recommendations to improve the efficiency of the use of military and economic resources. The authors propose a unified system of methodological support planning, estimating the size of consumed resources (regardless of funding source) and attainable defense results. Methodical resolution of this problem is based on the use of program-target approach to modeling the processes of the defense-industrial complex and the structural elements of the military organization. The article substantiates that the evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of defense capabilities should be carried out not only by the criterion of "cost - effect", but with all the manifestations of the time factor. In the most general form of the criterion of effectiveness should be provided by the triad "cost - effect - time." An important result of this study is also in the development of the integral index of evaluating the effectiveness of the use of military and economic
The subject of the research is a complex of high-tech manufacturing companies integrated and functioning in the form of project-oriented companies that are complex dynamic systems with increased efficiency due to changes in its structure and functions, institutional adaptation or use of project management techniques and optimization. The article reveals peculiarities of assessment methods financial performance knowledge-based project-oriented businesses, the main of which is that companies consider their activities as separate independent projects, which have their cost centers and profit. The author's solution to the problem of choosing the optimal investment project among several possible within the framework of the investment program or portfolio of projects, which can be mutually independent of each other, or mutually interdependent. The aim of the work is to study the possibilities and prospects of organizational and economic mechanisms for the use of project campaign for the effective management of knowledge-based enterprises that will quickly adopt new technologies and create optimal production structure. The results will be useful for the public authorities responsible for the development of high-tech industries as well as public and private companies wishing to profitably participate in the implementation of major innovative projects and programs. In the course of the study suggested methods for evaluating the effectiveness of high-tech project-oriented businesses, allowing them to identify the main advantages and disadvantages in meeting their specific production problems
Leadership of the Ministry of Defense in 2013 almost fully completed the process of catering service for the Army transition to outsourcing. Thus a function of food supply has been almost entirely transferred to commercial organizations. In view of the aggravation of geopolitical situation around Russia's borders army must be ready for combat operations in local wars, military conflicts and peacekeeping operations, which at any moment can be provoked by enemies in conflicts in dangerous areas. Accordingly to the full and timely food supply in the military units and institutions in special operations the food service of the Russian army should be prepared as well. In this article we have reasoned and substantiated proposals for reforming the existing system of food supply of the Russian army with the objective of increasing the capabilities of the system under the action of the Russian troops in the conditions of local wars, armed conflicts and in peacekeeping operations. Their practical implementation will allow a significant restructuring of the modern system of food supply of the Russian army to eliminate the dependence of the action or inaction of the outsourcing companies operating on the market of food supply troops in special operations, as well as during major trainings
The article based on factual historical data identifies and
analyzes the characteristics of modern wars and armed
conflicts. It is shown that in different periods the concept
of "war" has been interpreted by politicians and military
experts on-to a miscellaneous. However, regardless of its
determination to warfare took huge human, financial and
other resources, and their amounts increased steadily up
to the present day. The specificity of modern war is that
to achieve aggressive goals do not have to use weapons
and military equipment – ensure the defense and national
security is possible using non-military warfare, applying,
in particular, financial and economic methods of
warfare. Thus the subordination of their interests foreign
territories, their capture and looting can implement new
supranational global patterns that have emerged in the
process of Informatization of society on the basis of
network principles of world order
The analysis of social and economic development of
countries in the conditions of the globalization of the
world economy which is carried out with the use of
thermo-dynamical model showed that interaction of the
open economic systems standing on different levels of
development can lead to absorption or destruction of
one systems by others that finally will lead to "thermal
death" in economy (stagnation). The closed economic
systems can communicate with other countries by
means of international trade. Less developed countries
can't compete with industrially developed states and
will inevitably get under their influence. The isolated
economic systems can develop only in the presence of
domestic market, resources and rigid social structure.
Introduction of the anti-Russian sanctions and other
external factors led to restriction of the influence of the
foreign capital. Innovative activity in economy and
strengthening of government institutions might be
observed as a result. The thermo-dynamical model
shows that partial isolation of the developing economic
system possessing sufficient production and scientific
potential leads to stabilization of its structure and
growth of the innovative activity
Influence of a foreign factor on innovative development
of the countries isn't unambiguous, for Russia the
foreign capital was rather limiting factor, than incentive
to development. The analysis of historical experience of
development of domestic science and equipment
showed that the maximum innovative activity of
economy was noted during the centralized science
funding and education. The most important for the
invention and opening which found the application in
domestic economy, were made times of the state control
of processes of development and introduction of new
types of production and technologies. As a result of the
retrospective analysis, it was revealed that innovative
processes in domestic economy in the period of
economic sanctions and restrictions especially become
more active. In this work, it is shown that the market
mechanisms providing free movement of technologies,
knowledge, scientists and experts have negative impact
on the developing national innovative system. Foreign
investments by means of which foreign corporations
exercise control over the domestic enterprises have
special impact on development and promote capital
outflow abroad. It is offered to toughen control of the
foreign capital within the current legislation and to
promote activation of an exchange of scientific and
technical information at the international level
The article describes a new approach to the assessment
of the economic system. The authors propose to assume
that the system grows, if its share in the world
production increases. For the qualitative assessment, we
have offered to analyze the dynamics of growth of
exports of products with high benefit to the foreign
countries, which include engineering goods, defense,
manufacturing materials. On the world market of hightech
products, we have the stiff competition and the
growth of exports of domestic products with high
benefit indicates high level of innovation. Based on the
analysis of available statistical data, we revealed a
correlation between exports of innovative products, the
volumes of financing research and development and
foreign direct investment in the national economy. It
was determined foreign capital has a negative impact on
exports of products with high benefit. The authors
proposed a two-factor regression model, which allows
you to make short-term forecasts and allocate resources.
The study showed that despite the ongoing economic
sanctions and unsuccessful economic reforms in the
past, Russia has a high potential for innovation, which
is activated when reducing the influence of foreign
capital. Attempts to isolate the Russian economic
system led to the mobilization of resources and the
growth of innovation activity of domestic business
The article substantiates the need for an accelerated
informatization of the national system of professional
development for science-intensive and high-tech
industries, as one of the important components of the
process of reforming the Russian economy. It was
determined that under current conditions a decisive
role in ensuring the successful operation of enterprises
science-intensive and high-tech industries provides
highly qualified personnel - the intellectual capital,
which is formed in the process of training specialists
within the system of continuous professional education
and training (CPEandT). We show new capabilities of
training a contingent of specialists in science-intensive
and high-tech industries, offered by the introduction
and expansion of use in system of CPEandT and
modern educational technology (MET). We found
reasonable prospect of the transition from reproductive
to creative model of the organization of skills
development. They are implemented mainly by a
variety of electronic educational resources (EER),
which are used for the development of various
technologies. The article presents results of the
comparative analysis of new and traditional
technologies for the development of ESM and shows
their role in the methodical maintenance of process of
professional development. It is proved that the
introduction of the EER within MET in CPEandT
system radically changes the interaction of
professionals and qualified teachers with contingent
specialists of science-intensive and high-tech
industries, and contributes to the effective organization
of skills development
The relevance of an effective system of professional
development for science-intensive and high-tech
industries demonstrates not only the need to promptly
respond to the global challenges of the modern
economy, but also the presence of professionals able to
reform the Russian economy in conditions of adverse
effects of the sanctions. The leading role in these
processes is assigned to highly qualified staff, which is
formed in the process of training specialists within the
system of continuous professional education and
training (CPEandT). Expansion of the use of the
system of CPEandT in modern educational technology
(MET) opens new possibilities for advanced training
and monitoring of this process by formalizing
mechanisms of didactic content. We have developed
specific mechanisms of formalization of the bestknown
relationship between the information flow of
didactic content and scope of knowledge of
professional disciplines plan of professional
development, as well as the possibility of their use for the monitoring of the process. The article discloses
mechanisms of formalization of the process of
professional development for science-intensive and
high-tech industries, which will actively contribute to
their successful implementation and monitoring
The article examines the characteristics and the efficiency
of modern organizational and economic mechanisms
of the spread of high-tech technologies and products of
double application, identifying the most promising areas
of improvement and progressive development, is determined
by their role in attracting additional funding for
national and international innovative projects and programs