Name
Khrustalev Evgeny Yurievich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Central Economics and Mathematics Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow
Web site url
—
—
Articles count: 39
The article examines the problems of innovative
development of various types of rocket and space
technology, created with use of high technologies,
industrial, scientific-technical and intellectual potentials.
The relevance of these issues due to the need of
modernization of the Russian economy in the long term.
In the course of the study using the mathematical tools
offered the important task of improving the scientific and
methodological framework intended for implementation
of innovative strategies in the field of space activities
that help to improve the degree of feasibility of plans and
programs to create high-tech products and services for
various purposes. The article analyzes the features of the
plans for the creation and production of advanced rocket
and space technology, their impact on the pace and
quality of exploration and use of outer space, which is
determined using a simulation model and applying
methods of program-targeted planning
Problems of formation and evaluation of the
feasibility of the plans and programs of development
of high-tech products aerospace are both relevant
and meaningful. To accelerate progress in the field
of production of innovative aviation technology we
have offered an improved method of program
planning, which has been extended with
comprehensive tools for identifying, assessing and
managing risks objectively exist in the field of
aeronautical engineering with a long life cycle. The
authors have reviewed the basis for the development
of plans and programs for the development of
modern aircraft, the basic stages of formation of
plans for its establishment; formulated
methodological principles for the definition to be
included in the work plans; built formalized
procedure to account risks arising from the
implementation of prepared plans. Practical use of
this new method and its tool for implementation will
improve the efficiency of the process of substitution
of imported aircraft equipment in the domestic
counterparts
Based on risk analysis and consequences of the
accidents which have happened to the space equipment
from the moment of the beginning of an active phase of
space activity, the authors have come to a conclusion
that initial stages of life cycle of the project, namely
start and a conclusion to an orbit of artificial Earth
satellites are subject to the greatest risks. Further
functioning of the spacecraft in an orbit is accompanied
by much smaller risks, and the least risky are works on
service of land infrastructure, processing and
information transfer to consumers. Methods of
economic protection, which provide acceptance or
transfer for a certain payment of risks are not always
acceptable for an initial stage of the space project – start
and removal into a satellite orbit. Authors suggest
evading whenever possible from similar risks for what
it is necessary to reduce starts for the benefit of foreign
customers. The research of structure of the world space
market has shown that such kinds of activity as
production of land space infrastructure and rendering
services of satellite communication and broadcasting
are the most demanded. The market of starting services
is gradually reduced in connection with miniaturization
of the equipment of satellites and high specific risks of
start. The policy of Roskosmos is focused generally on
preservation of leadership in starting services which
differ in high risks, to the detriment of creation of own
satellite group capable to render a wide range of space
services to foreign partners. Change of reference points
of the strategy of development of the domestic spacerocket
industry towards highly profitable and least risky
types of space activity is offered
In connection with the informatization of production,
scientific-technical, social and public activities, the
emergence of the digital economy, there is a need to
protect effectively sensitive and confidential data. The
solution to the problem of creation of system of
information security becomes particularly relevant and
significant, since with the advent of complex automated
information systems significantly increased the quantity
of information stored in the computing device, in single
databases have become integrated information for
various purposes, greatly expanded the number of users
having access to the information resources of the
enterprise. In the article, we have proposed and
scientifically based conceptual foundation and
principles of construction of modern system of
protecting information files to manufacturing
enterprises, which constitute commercial secret, from
damage and unauthorized access. We have identified
the information that requires protection from
competitors and intruders, identified infrastructure their
protection and the mechanisms for their own reliable
operation of protective systems. It is shown that the
objects to be protected from potential internal and
external threats and illegal acts are staff, material,
financial and intellectual resources, means and systems
of informatization and protection of all types of
resources. The basic principles of information security
production of the enterprise are the mutual
responsibility of management and staff, legitimacy,
cooperation with law enforcement bodies, maintenance
of optimum balance of interests of the company and the
individual
The state of any economic system depends on the values of its parameters, both in the current period and at previous times. Therefore, in the process of optimization of production management, it is necessary to take into account this feature of the development of the systems under consideration. The most important task of economic research is the establishment of an equilibrium price. The most suitable hysteresis converters for solving this problem, the formal description of which is based on their operator interpretation. However, at present, when analyzing the functions of supply and demand, a cobweb-like model and its analogues are used, as a rule. This article discusses the unresolved problem of optimizing production under conditions of hysteresis pricing and competition. Taking into account that their mathematical modeling is the main method of analyzing economic systems with hysteresis properties, different pricing models (discrete and continuous) are considered in the article, as well as economic and mathematical tools for optimizing production activity under hysteresis pricing conditions. The developed models can be used to increase the adequacy of the formal mathematical description of the corresponding systems, which is the basis for more accurate forecasts of their development. In the conditions of hysteresis pricing, production optimization algorithms will allow to create optimal (in terms of achieving maximum profit) price and production strategies for the development of economic systems
The main factors influencing the innovative
development of the domestic science-intensive sector of
the economy, were identified and studied in the work.
The authors singled out two groups of factors, internal
and external, determining their composition and
interrelationship. The paper focuses on one of the
segments of the knowledge-intensive market of
products and services - space activities. In the postwar
period, Russia firmly maintained leadership in virtually
all areas of the industry, however, economic and
political reforms intensified the negative impact of
financial and economic factors, which significantly
retarded the technological development of the space
industry. The paper studies the influence of
environmental, technological, financial, economic and
other factors affecting the development of knowledgebased
enterprises. A graphical and economicmathematical
multi-factor model for the innovative
development of knowledge-intensive enterprises
involved in the implementation of space programs is
constructed. The methods of expert assessments
determined the influence of each factor on the
development of space activities: - the production of
launch vehicles, space vehicles, ground-based space
technology and the provision of services. The received
estimations of influence of factors will find application
at formation of programs of innovative development of
the high technology enterprises
The modernization of the military-industrial complex
of Russia is accomplished by the implementation of
the program of its development. Implementation of
these measures requires scientific and methodological
support. However, the tools help you solve this
problem, using modern mathematical methods with a
focus on practical use in the form of methods and
economic and mathematical models, to date, not fully
developed. The article is devoted to the development
of tools for assessment of activities of the militaryindustrial
complex The proposed models and
algorithms are based on the production rules of
inference of fuzzy logic and process variables to a
fuzzy mind by assigning confidence factors. The
prioritization of activities proposed to be carried out
by ranking these factors
In this work, prerequisites of processes of globalization
of economies which source, according to authors, is the
scientific and technological revolution of the XVIIIXIX
century of century are considered. Dissemination
of new technologies led to the international labor
division, and emergence of information technologies
promoted to increase in speed of communications,
deleting of economic borders between the countries. A
specific place in processes of globalization is held by
space technologies by means of which there was a
possibility of exchange of information between various
consumers and the companies, which are in the
different countries and continents. Based on the carriedout
analysis, it is revealed that in the conditions of
globalization pressure of group of industrially
developed countries upon the rest of the world for the
purpose of imposing of a certain model of their
existence by the rest amplifies. The tool in competition
are new technologies which help to drive the national
companies out of the local markets. A special role in the
course of globalization is played by information and
space technologies of communication and broadcasting.
Only competitive hi-tech productions focused on
perspective technological ways can resist to influence
of the international corporations. According to authors,
distribution of innovative technologies has to contribute
to the uniform development of all countries, formation
of the multipolar world, the excluding domination of
any country or the international group
We have considered the most important direction of development of enterprises of the military-industrial complex: modernizing production capacity and technical re-equipment of these enterprises. The relevance of this issue in recent years has increased significantly due to changes in the terms of military development (economic hardship, sanctions, etc.). We have developed an economic-mathematical model of the choice between modernization and radical technical re-equipment of enterprises. The article has an analysis of this model taking into account the financial factors in this choice. The use of the developed economic-mathematical apparatus in practice allows increasing the efficiency of technological development of enterprises of the military-industrial complex
The article discusses the concept and the principles of the organization of neuro-fuzzy management of an innovation-active enterprise based on intelligent technologies and high-performance computing tools. The developed information model provides operational control of the current situations caused by innovations in the complex dynamic conditions of the changing market conditions. Particular attention is paid to solving the problem of planning operations and developing management decisions when implementing the principle of competition in the face of uncertainty and incompleteness of the initial information. The developed software implementation of the fuzzy ranking of management solutions options is publicly available on ws-dss.com