Name
Radchevskiy Petr Panteleyevich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Kuban State Agrarian University
Web site url
—
Articles count: 73
The article presents the results of the fertilizers use effect on dry wine materials produced from the Chardonnay variety, grown in the Anapo-Taman soil and climatic zone of the Krasnodar region, Russia. As a result of wine materials analysis, increase of tartaric acid was noted, with the autumn application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and the spring application of ammonium nitrate. At the same time, its optimum content was noted with nitroammophos. Also, the minimum concentration of malic acids was detected by the application of nitroammophos with potassium fertilizers. In its turn, early spring application of ammonium nitrate reduced the concentration of malic acid below the control sample (without fertilizers). It was revealed that the use of mineral fertilizers in this winemaking zone also contributed to a reduction of lactic acid in the must. At the same time, the application of nitroammophos (especially together with other mineral fertilizers), contributed to the accumulation of citric and succinic acids, as well as phenolic compounds. Moreover, the application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers in the autumn contributed to the accumulation, and, consequently, also to the increase in the content of phenolic compounds in the resulting must. In addition, the studied samples of wine materials contained high alcohol concentrations and low concentrations of sugars with volatile acids. At the same time, the maximum amount of alcohol exceeding its content in the control sample was revealed when phosphorus-potassium fertilizers were used together with nitroammophos fertilizers. It is also noted that the application of ammonium nitrate did not affect this indicator. As a result, the use of mineral fertilizers in the studied concentrations made it possible to prepare wine materials that contained a low concentration of sulfur dioxide, which is substantially lower than the harmful concentration for humans. In addition, increased concentrations of hydrogen ions in variants with the application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers have made it possible to reduce the number of iron tanates and the intensity of oxidation-reduction processes
The results of the researches on studying of grape plantings processing influence of technical grade Viorika on its agrobiological and technological indicators are stated in the article. Experiences have been conducted in public joint-stock company "Pobeda" in Temrjuksky area in Krasnodar territory. The experience scheme included three variants in 2015: without processings (control); Farmaiodne - 0,04 %; Farmaiodne - 0,06 %; in 2016 - five variants: without processings (control); Farmaiodne - 0,04 %; Farmaiodne - 0,05 %; Farmaiodne - 0,06 %; Farmaiodne - 0,08 %. Processing of experimented plants included autumn and spring bushes washing in resting period (November-April) and spraying during the vegetation period. In 2015 spraying were conducted three times: before flowering, in a growth phase of berries, in the beginning of berries maturing phase; in 2016 the fourth spraying was added after the flowering. It is noticed, that application of Farmaiodne promotes more intensive accumulation of sugars in berries juice, acceleration of crop maturing, improvement of winematerials quality. The increasing of sprouts fruitfulness and increasing in average weight of a bunch is observed, that finally leads to authentic crop increasing in a bush and productivity. Application of Farmaiodne also has positive impact on growing processes, promoting increase in sprouts length and sometimes on thickness. According to the mixture of agrobiological and technological indicators the best results are received at the application in concentration of 0,05 % and 0,06%
The article is dedicated to the study of new complex growth regulator called Zerebra agro and its influence on agrobiological and technological indicators of grapes. Studies were conducted in the Anapo-Taman Wine Growing Zone of the Krasnodar region (PAO Pobeda, Temryuk District). The fruit-bearing plantations of the white variety Viorica were cultivated three times during the vegetation period: before flowering (May 27), after flowering (June 20), the growth phase of berries (July 18), berries ripening (August 13) 200 ml / ha. Application of the growth regulator Zerebra agro resulted in a significant increase in the average mass of the bunch (by 11.5%), due to an increase in the number of berries (by 12.6%), yields from the bush (by 11.8%) and yields of plantations (by 1.17 tons or %). The increase in the experimental variant of the vine harvest was not accompanied by a decrease in the sugar content of the berries juice and an increase in the titrated acidity. The use of Zerebra agro allowed to reduce the degree of death of the central buds of wintering eyes at two and a half times, also to increase the coefficients of fruiting and fruit bearing, as well as the proportion of eyelets with two inflorescences and more. The greatest decrease in the death of the central wintering buds, as well as an increase in the embryonic fruiting index, was observed in the zone of 1-5 buds, which makes it possible to apply in the experimental version a short pruning length of fruit vines and to abandon the dry garters of fruit shooters
The results of comparative analysis of three white muscat grades of grapes Viorika, the Muscat de Yaloven and the Muscat onitskan according to the biological indicators of fructification, productivity, quality of berries, mechanical structure of bunches, suitability for manufacture of direct extraction juice and dry wines are depicted in the article. All studied grades differ by high percent of fruiting runaways and high factors of fruiting and fructification. The highest factors of fruiting and fructification of runaways are reflected at grade Viorika, and the lowest - at a grade the Muscat de Yaloven. Biological indicators of fructification of runaways according to the length of a fruit spear are high and rather levelled at all grades. That is why, depending on bushes forming, it is possible to apply short and average (6-7 buds) length of vine cutting. Biological indicators of fructification of runaways from angular buds and sleeping buds are high enough, that shows to good regenerative ability of studied grades. Grades Viorika and the Muscat de Yaloven are tall, and the Muscat onitskan is average height. Degree of ripening of runaways at grades Viorika and the Muscat onitskan is good, at a grade the Muscat de Yaloven - satisfactory. Productivity of grades Viorika, Muscat de Yaloven and the Muscat onitskan is 77,94; 81,52 and 72,72 centner/hectares, and efficiency of runaway - 199,5; 193 and 221,9 with a significant difference between grades on both indicators. The exit of a mash at grades was 77,5-79,4 %. According to the contents of solids, sugars and acids, grapes of all grades correspond to requirements for manufacture of high-quality direct extraction juice. From grapes of these grades, it is possible to produce high-quality direct extraction juice under the name of ampelographic and blended grades.
Sampling estimation of dry wines from grapes of these grades fluctuates from 7,6 to 7,8 points: 7,8 (Viorika), 7,7 (the Muscat onitskan), 7,6 (the Muscat de Yaloven)
The article reviews the results of studying the influence
of mineral fertilizers on the qualitative indices of the
Merlot grape variety in the Anapo-Taman zone of the
Krasnodar region. The technology of cultivation of
grapes on the experimental plot was in accordance with
the accepted for the given zone and culture.
Agrobiological work was carried out at the optimal
time and had a high quality of execution. Grape bushes
are laid in a 3.0 x 2.0 m pattern. Formation - a twoshoulder
horizontal cordon. On the bushes we formed
the same load of shoots and bunches. Scheme of the
experiment: option 1 – no fertilizers (control); option
2-superphosphate with a mixture of potassium salt
(P90K90) from the autumn; option 3 –nitroammofoska
(N120P120K120) from autumn; option 4 – ammonium
nitrate (N60) in early spring. Analysis of the results of
studies on the study of biological features of growth,
fruiting, yield and quality of Merlot grape varieties on the background of the use of mineral fertilizers shows
their high efficiency in the conditions of the AnapoTamanskaya
zone of the Krasnodar region and can be
recommended for use in production conditions.
Mineral fertilizers ensures the receipt of dry bulk wine
of superior quality control sample (without fertilizers)
the concentration of tartaric acid 17.3 25.1 percent,
phenolic compounds 17.1 – 40.0 %, and alcohol
content of 7.2 and 9.3 %, titratable acids 11.8 and 13.7
%, given extract by 17.4 %, with a decrease of the
mass concentration of total sulfur dioxide and pH. The
most effective is the introduction of NPK
(N120P120K120)
Researches were carried out on three-eyed cuttings of
stock of phylloxera-resistant grape varieties
Berlandieri×RipariaCober 5BB (Cober 5BB),
Riparia× Rupestris101-14 (101-14), Berlandieri ×
RipariaСО-4 (СО-4), Gravesak and RSB. Cuttings of
presented varieties were wetted during 24 hours in
water and after preliminary drying of the surface were
covered in the upper part with antitranspirant, under
the temperature about 90°С. Then 40 cuttings of every
variety were placed with lower ends for 24 hours in
0,01% heteroauxin solution or for 8 hours in 1%
Radix Plus solution. Cuttings of the control variant
were placed in water. After treatment cuttings, were
couching in a film greenhouse on a heated rack in
humid steamed sawdust. In the result of the present
researches there was determined that the wetting of
basal ends of cuttings of stock phylloxera-resistant
varieties in 1% Radix Plus water solution plus during
8 hours leads to the essential activity of regeneration
processes in them. The expansion of the length of
shoots on rooted cuttings of the experimental variant
amounted for 19,2–154,5 %, the rooting of cuttings -
23,3–76,7 %, the output of cuttings having at least
three roots – 33,0–78,1 %, the number of calcaneal
roots– 80,8–257,1 %. The maximum increase of the
length of shoots under the influence of Radix Plus was
observed at varieties of Gravesak and СО-4, the
rooting – Cober 5BB and CO-4, the amount of
cuttings at least three roots and average amount of
roots on them –101-14 and Cober 5BB. The Radix
Plus caused the great stimulating influence the rootforming
ability of cuttings of stock varieties than
heteroauxin, the standard stimulator of root-forming
Researches on non-root additional fertilizing of grapes with complex water-soluble fertilizer called Nutrivant plus have been conducted in corporation "Pobeda" in Temrjuksky area of Krasnodar territory on the implanted plantings of technical grade Rhine Riesling. In the test, the following kinds of Nutrivant plus were used: oleiferous (N0P20K33), sugar beet (N0P36K24), grapes (N0P40K25), universal (N19P19K19), grain (N6P23K35). Each mark of Nutrivant plus contained a certain set of microelements. The test consisted of six variants:1 variant - without additional fertilizing(control); 2 variant: grapes - before flowering, grapes - a growth phase of berries (a berry about a pea), oleiferous - the beginning of maturing of berries; 3 variant: universal - before flowering, universal - a growth phase of berries (a berry about a pea), oleiferous- the beginning of maturing of berries; 4 variant: grain - before flowering, grain - a growth phase of berries (a berry about a pea), oleiferous- the beginning of maturing of berries; 5 variant: Sugar beet - before flowering, a sugar beet - a growth phase of berries (a berry about a pea), a sugar beet - the beginning of maturing of berries; 6 variant: universal - before flowering, grain - a growth phase of berries (a berry about a pea), grapes - the beginning of maturing of berries. Norm of the expense of fertilizer is 3 kg/hectares. The expense of a working liquid - 700 l/hectares. The result was, that in the third, fourth and fifth variant of the test the increase in a crop from a bush happened accordingly on 7,5, 13,8 and 17,8 %. The maximum increase of a crop in the fifth variant was accompanied by increase in mass concentration of sugars in juice of berries on 0,6 g/100 см3и decrease titratable acidities for 0,6/dm3 As a result triple not root additional fertilizing of grapes plants grade Riesling with Nutrivant plus (universal - before flowering, grain - in a growth phase of berries and grape - in the beginning of maturing of berries) promoted more optimization of a water mode of leaves, increase in weight of a cluster, a crop from a bush and productivity, mass concentration of sugars and phenolic substances in juice of berries
The research results on regeneration activity of
wilding cuttings of phylloxeraresistant varieties of
grapes influenced by heteroauxin treatment are
analysed in the article. The preliminary studies were
held in All-Russian research institute of viticulture
and wine-making of Ya.I. Potapenko using cuttings of
3 grape varieties – Berlandieri x Riparia Cober 5bb,
Riparia x Rupestris 101-14 and Berlandieri x Riparia
CO-4. The cuttings were soaked during 48 hours in
0,005 % heteroauxin and were implanted in sand in
adjustable conditions of temperature, humidity and
aeration. In 2012-2013 experiments were continued in
Kuban State Agrarian University. The varieties
Gravesak, RSB and Berlandieri x Riparia Teleki 5C
were added to the experiment. Three-items buds were
shooted in damp steamed sawdust in a film hothouse.
In preliminary researches application of heteroauxin
has allowed to increase root-growing by 20,3-40,0 %.
The greatest increase of root-growing (40 %) was
observed on variety СО-4, that is characterized by the
weakest potential rhizogenesis activity, and the least
(20,3 %) on control variety Cober 5 bb. Next
researches show that treatment of cuttings basal ends
by 0,01 % heteroauxin activated their regeneration
process, that was expressed in: increase in sprouts
length – variety 5 C, 101-14 and Gravesak by 23,1-
157,6 %; increasing of cuttings root-growing from
16,7 % on variety 5C to 60,0 % on variety Cober 5 bb,
the quantity of cuttings with not fewer of 3 roots from
accordingly 13,0 % to 54,7 %; increasing of roots
from 0,7 on variety СО-4 to 2,7 on variety 101-14 or
in 1,7-2,7 times. The application of heteroauxin on
variety RSB did not show positive results, because of
the variety peculiarities
Hereby we present the results of the research devoted
to study of influence of growth modulator called
melaphen on the technical brand of gapes such as
Sovinion White and its agro-biological characteristics.
The research was conducted in 2014-2015 using
fruitful grape Sovinion White of 2004 planting as a
subject in agro farm “Yuzhnaya” of Temruk in the
Krasnodar Region. Melaphen is a type of melamine
salt of bioximethilphosphin acid. It evokes complex
influence on the energetic complex of vegetation cell
in all three stages of vegetation. The chemical was
applied mechanically by a tractor sprinkling. The
square of tested patch is 2 hectares. Melaphen usage
was 6,7 ml to 1 hectare . Norm of liquid applied was
700 liters to 1 hectare. Three times the chemical was
applied during vegetation: before blossoming, grape
growth phase (grapes the size of a pea) and before the
grapes ripen. As a result it was estimated that three times chemical application of melaphen to Sovinion
White in dose 1.
10-9 in period after blossoming of
grapes and before the grapes ripen led to more
saturated accumulation of sugar in juice of the grapes
and also to faster ripening and harvesting, larger mass
of grape bunch amount of harvesting from a bush.
Besides, in the tested option growing processes are
accelerated and pigmentation agents are accumulated
faster in the leaves and embryo infestation in winter
sleeping core is boosted at larger scale. Better harvest
quality leads to better wine materials quality.
Application of melaphen provides higher economical
efficiency
The article presents the data on the formation of the embryonic fruitfulness of central ovaries of wintering buds of the group of technical grape varieties with white berries - White Muscat; Pinot White, Chardonnay, Citron Magaracha, Pervenets Magaracha; Riesling, Viorica, Riton, Crystal in the conditions of Anapa-Taman zone. There were revealed the rates of embryonic fruitfulness of central ovaries of buds of studied cultivars and fruiting indices of vegetative shoots developed from them. In all studied grape varieties there was revealed a high percentage of fruitful buds from 84,1 in the variety of Riton at 97.2 at Viorica; and the percentage of fertile vegetative shoots from 81,8 at the variety Citron Magaracha to 97.2 in the variety White Muscat. At the leveled load of bushes, vegetative shoots and the same scheme of planting of bushes (3 x 2 m), the highest yield in terms per hectare showed the varieties Pervenets Magaracha, Viorica, Riton, Crystal, Riesling and Citron Magarach. When assessing the economic efficiency the highest net income and level of profitability were identified in the varieties of Citron Magaracha, Pervenets Magaracha, Viorica and Riton. In order to determine which buds will give us shoots with large, well-developed (well-differentiated) buds, and which will not give (weakly differentiated), it is necessary "to look inside a bud". But even already formed germs of inflorescences in the bud are able in a few days in spring or dedifferentiate or degrade depending on the influence of external conditions. Scientists have learned to use this ability to increase the maximum possible yield in years of severe damage of grape by frosts. Firstly, in frosty winters the central buds wither out. The replacing buds usually have poor fruiting and bad productivity during years. In such cases, it is more profitable to conduct a small cutting of angle buds arranged in a circle at the base of a shoot. At the beginning of the second vegetation phase, these buds will obtain the great bulk plastic substances, which will cause the dedifferentiation of rudiments of inflorescences in them. Thus, it is possible not only to restore rapidly the normal shape of a bush, but to obtain a good harvest this year