The first statistical publication – the Fourth Book of Moses, “Numbers” in the Old Testament. We trace the development of ideas about the statistics until the twentieth century. The present stage of statistical methods began with parametric statistics by Pearson, Student, Fisher. Scientometrics of statistical researches provides an indication of the accumulated results. Nonparametric statistics appeared in the 1930s, applied statistics in our country - at the turn of 1970-80. We have discussed what gives applied statistics to national economy. Also we have told briefly about the history of statistical methods in
Russia (until Kolmogorov's time)
The drawbacks of the existing ontology languages and problems of their practical application are discussed in this paper. The requirements for the process of ontologies creating are laid down. A simplified method of constructing the ontological domain model on the basis of the original language SXML is proposed
When developing management solutions with the
aim of joint consideration and comparison of
various factors, partial removal of uncertainty is
widely used ratings. In the theory of decisionmaking
in almost the same sense, we use the terms
"composite index" or "integrated indicator". The
article is devoted to the mathematical theory of
ratings as tools for studying socio-economic
systems. We considered, primarily, linear ratings
which is a linear function from a single (private)
indicators (factors, criteria), constructed using the
coefficients of importance (weightiness,
importance). The study discusses the factors
affecting the magnitude of the ratings. Three groups
of causes affect the value of a line ranking: the ways
of measurement of individual indicators, the choice
of the set of indicators; the values of the coefficients
of importance. We considered binary ratings when
the rating takes two values. To compare the
proposed rankings we use a new indicator of the
quality of diagnostics and prognostic power.
Significantly, in many managerial situations,
significant differences between objects are identified
using any rating. According to the fundamental
results of stability theory, the same source data
should be processed in several ways. Matching
findings, obtained using multiple methods, likely
reflect the properties of reality. The difference is the
result of a subjective selection method. When using
the results of the comparison of objects according to
several indicators (criteria ratings), including in
dynamics, very useful is the selection of the Pareto
set. We discuss the examples of the application of
the decision theory, expert evaluations and rankings
when developing complex technical systems
The article investigates the first boundary problem for the partial differential equations of the second order with deviating argument. The method of separation of variables is used to prove the solubility of the boundary problem in the desired class of functions
We consider the model of the structure of electrons and quarks, in which these particles are presented consisting of elementary particles preons. From this model, the theory of electron shells, as a continuation of the quark nuclear shells has been proposed
The dynamics of quarks in hadrons metric is investigated.
A model of baryons in the case of a stationary metric formulated. The magnetic moments of the proton, neutron
and lambda baryon calculated. The metric of hadrons is
determined from the Yang-Mills theory. The result is a
bubble metric containing only the time and angular coordinates. We find that there may be a spherical particle, which expand in sync with the space of the universe. Therefore, they appear to the outside observer static entities having spherical symmetry, such as protons. We have shown that the quarks in the hadrons metric can be described on the basis of the Dirac equation and the equations of quantum electrodynamics. The closure model formulated and the magnetic moments of hadrons (uud), (udd) and (sdu) at given energy and given electric charge are calculated. The investigated region corresponds to the resonance energy of the quarks system, in which, apparently, pi mesons can be generated.
It is shown, that the hadron mass spectrum can be associated with the energy of the excited states of gluon condensate. Gluon thermodynamics is built on the basis of this concept. The transition temperature of hadronic matter to the quark-gluon plasma calculated on the basis of this model is about 175,856 MeV, which is consistent with experimental data and calculations based on lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD)
This article is devoted to the analysis of different cases of changing the number of customers of the financial pyramid and the establishment of the basic rules of the pyramid schemes on the basis of continuous models, and it is a continuation of works [1, 2], which had formulas to simulate the amount collected by the pyramid scheme and it considers the discrete models
In this article we consider the system of equations of electrodynamics of continuous media molecules consisting of preons, including quarks and electrons
In this article we have proposed a method using the apparatus of fuzzy sets theory in conjunction with the five-factor model of Altman to assess the creditworthiness of the investigated companies. The Altman model was improved in two ways: by using
RMS integral approximation for the exact calculation of the quantitative credit assessment (probability of bankruptcy) and the application of the apparatus of fuzzy sets for ordered sets by the degree of confidence resulting probability