HOW TO SOLVE THE TASK OF CLASSIFICATION OF TYPES OF RIFLE AMMUNITION USING THE METHOD OF ASCANALYSIS
In criminology, there are actual problems of determining
the type (machine gun, rifle, large caliber, pistol)
and a particular model of small rifle for its ammunition,
in particular, discovered in the use of weapons.
The article proposes a solution to this problem with the
use of a new innovative method of artificial intelligence:
automated system-cognitive analysis (ASCanalysis)
and its programmatic toolkit – a universal
cognitive analytical system called "Eidos". In the system
of "Eidos", we have implemented a software interface
that provides input to the system images, and the
identification of their external contours on the basis of
luminance and color contrast. Typing by multiparameter
contour images of specific ammunition, we create
and verify the system-cognitive model, with the use of
which (if the model is sufficiently reliable), we can
solve problems of system identification, classification,
study of the simulated object by studying its model
and others. For these tasks we perform the following
steps: 1) enter the images of ammunitions into the system
of "Eidos" and create mathematical models of
their contours; 2) synthesis and verification of models
of the generalized images of ammunition for types of
weapons based on the contour images of specific munitions
(multivariate typology); 3) quantification of the
similarities-differences of the specific ammunition
with generalized images of ammunition of various
types and models of small rifle (system identification);
4) quantification of the similarities-differences of the
types of munitions, i.e. cluster-constructive analysis
The authors of the article examine the relationship
between the criminal process and investigative activity
taking into consideration the requirements of the
Criminal Procedure Law and the Law on Investigative
Activities in the Russian Federation. Such important
issues as main tasks and principles of the criminal
process and investigative activity are considered in the
article. The authors analyze interrelations of some
investigative actions and operational search as well as
the order of introduction and usage of the results of the
investigative activities at the stage of criminal case
initializing and in the course of investigative activities.
The authors also pay attention to the data which must
be submitted in the report or memorandum on the
prepared or being committed crime giving grounds for
criminal case initializing
The article deals with the issues related to the
organizational and legal aspects of investigative
group formation. The author has analyzed scientific
and technical literature, materials of judicial and
investigative practice, criminal procedural law,
different views of scientists, as well as his own
judgments on the proposed changes and additions to
the content of the article 163 of Criminal Procedure
Code. The analysis allows the author to declare the
need to invite the heads of the investigative bodies of
the various departments and units to carry out more
in-depth additional analysis of the performance of
the investigative and the operational and
investigative teams and the work of their leaders, to
consider the establishment of investigative and
operational investigative groups in criminal cases,
which are of great public and political importance
and are under control of inter-agency working groups
on combating organized forms of criminal activities.
According to the author, it is necessary to raise the
level of responsibility of the leaders of the
investigative and operational investigative groups,
which are aimed on the investigation of crimes
committed by an organized group, gang or a criminal
association, as well as by persons, classified as
representatives of the organized crime. Together with
the management of bodies engaged in operational
investigative activities, a uniform algorithm for the
establishment and functioning of investigative and
operational investigative groups should be worked
out and introduced to the junior agencies staff and
subordinate units
The authors of the article consider legal
organizational and tactical issues of operational
investigative activities in the course of search. The
authors compare some items and norms of Russian
Constitution, Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure
Law, Federal Laws governing the operational-search
activity, in particular search activity, some sources of
information, such as confidential. In particular, the
authors examine the legal basis of the internal affairs
agencies in the fight against crime as a science-based
system of legal norms contained in the laws and bylaws
that create the legal preconditions, as well as
the conditions and procedure for carrying out
operative search actions, either directly regulating
the legal organizational and tactical questions of
application of operational investigative forces,
means, methods and forms in the fight against crime.
Thus, the authors believe that the search activities of
the units engaged in operational investigative
activities of the police, as an organizational and
tactical form (or part of) the operational-search
activity of law enforcement bodies as a whole, it has
a single legal framework that operational search
activity in general
The authors consider the issue of qualification of
unlawful treatment of property in favor of the
perpetrator – as plunder or buying another's property.
Also, in the article we highlight the enforcement
practice in relation to the identified problems at the
level of the Krasnodar region
The article investigates the concept and the content of
a legitimate interest in criminal proceedings. The
author concludes about the necessity of inclusion the
additional structural element, legitimate interests of
parties of criminal proceedings in the criminalprocedural
relationships. The author’s definition of the
legitimate interests of some parties of the criminal
process is tabled for discussion. Different points of
view of legal scholars on the subject are analyzed in
this article. The article discusses special features of
occurrence of legitimate interests in terms of pretrial
agreement undertaking on cooperation with suspected
or accused party
The article deals with the problems of the automation of an investigation targeting and planning. The authors consider the possibility of the development of the automatic logic system for designing and using investigation methods of different types of crime. The authors propose the following solution of the problem:
handling of the data of criminal cases of the certain type of crime to analyze and highlight the initial information; developing of the typical investigation situations and hypothesis with logic chain; developing a set of measures (investigative activities, search operations, organizational preparations and other actions), which can help achieve the objectives; list of tools necessary to carry them out
The article presents the concept of group methods of
investigation of crimes against a family and minors.
There was briefly investigated the concept of criminal
– legal characteristics of specific offences against the
family, which are common. The general positions for
the questions about criminalistic characteristics were
reviewed. We have justified the conclusion about the
essence of a group technique of investigation of crimes
against a family and minors
This study focuses on the historical analysis of the development and nature of a lease. The article has marked the features of the each stage of the historical development of the institution of leasing and its emergence in the Russian Federation
In the article, we analyze the measures that the lawenforcement
authorities of Tsarist Russia undertook
against the process of bringing the criminal income
into the economy of the country and using it for the
extremist and terrorist activities. The fact that the
amount of illegal incomes in Russia in the late XIX
century and the beginning of the XX century increased
massively, and these incomes were used in the social
and political life in quite a peculiar way, confirms the
idea that in the democratizing society undergoing a
number of social reforms many political organizations
recourse to searching for and forming illegal sources
of financial incomes and further money laundering to
support their activities. The increase in crime,
especially in the economic sphere, strains social
relations, instigates different organizations and
movements struggling for power to receive financing
from criminal sources. In their turn, the organizations
and movements use the criminal incomes for the
political struggle, masking it behind noble causes.
Criminal associations arising against the national
backdrop manipulate the political, cross-national and
other kinds of contradictions, existing in international
and interstate relations. With the aim of laundering the
“shadow” funds and in defiance of the national
interests, they use the services of foreign banks and
special agencies of antagonistic countries