The article analyzes the most important works on the history, regulatory, and organizational and legal regulation of secret police of the Russian Empire engaged in the fight against criminal offenses, as well as a brief analysis and commentary of the content. It is noted that in the pre-revolutionary historiography special studies on the historical and legal analysis of the criminal investigation have been identified as the national system of secret police was formed only in 1908. In all Soviet historiography police detective, exactly like all public institutions of autocratic Russia as a whole was considered from the extremely negative side, with an emphasis on its "class, anti-national character" and "reactionary nature", within the established ideological dogmas that ultimately resulted in the loss of objectivity and distortion of the truth. Post-Soviet historiography is characterized by an almost total abandonment of rigidly set ideological attitudes that positively entailed as a new vector in the development of historical and historical and legal sciences in general and objective coverage of the problem in particular. During this period there were some published works, though fragmentary, which address the problems of Russian secret police in historical and legal aspects, taking into account the new conceptual approach
The article deals with the complex and important
problem related to the investigation of extortion. From
a legal point of view, extortion is the demand of a
transfer of someone’s property, rights to the property
or some other actions connected with the property,
which is accompanied by various threats of violence,
destruction of property or spreading of information
defaming the victim or his relatives. Extortion refers to
latent crimes. Investigation of extortion is complicated
because of the high level of professionalism and
thorough preparation of the accused. The number of
criminal groups using extortion as the main source of
their income is increasing. To select the best way of
obtaining information concerning past events, an
investigator develops crime investigation procedure.
The article analyzes the concepts of "investigation
procedure" and "programming", the stages of the
criminalistic routine development are pointed out.
Dealing with extortion classification of preliminary
investigation procedures is an important condition for
their development, which allows to distinguish
homogeneous groups and to develop criminalistic
routine. Based on the typical investigative situations at
the initial stage of investigation of extortion we have
proposed some investigation procedures. The set of all
procedural actions and recommendations that need to
be implemented in the course of the investigation,
forms investigation program
The tendency of contradictory and interconnected
development of Germany and France in XX century is traced in the article. It is marked that the political events in one state influenced the legal system of another state
There were considered the problems of differentiation of deception and abuse of confidence under committing of crimes fixed by Articles 159 and 165 of Criminal Code of the RF and some problems of such crimes qualification occurring in these situations as well. On the basis of carried out research, there were made special suggestions on improving of criminal law reduction on responsibility for fraud and infliction of property harm by means of fraud and abuse of confidence and practices of its application
The article considers the issue of correlation of
criminal and administrative responsibility. There are
various points on the vision of this problem. The main
legal gaps that prevent the delineation of an
administrative offense and a crime are revealed
The article is devoted to consideration of separate measures of the procedural character applied in case of commission by the civil servant of a minor offense in the pre-revolutionary Russian state. Scientific literature notes that similar procedural actions in system of public service can be defined as disciplinary procedures
In the article, we analyze the measures that the lawenforcement
authorities of Tsarist Russia undertook
against the process of bringing the criminal income
into the economy of the country and using it for the
extremist and terrorist activities. The fact that the
amount of illegal incomes in Russia in the late XIX
century and the beginning of the XX century increased
massively, and these incomes were used in the social
and political life in quite a peculiar way, confirms the
idea that in the democratizing society undergoing a
number of social reforms many political organizations
recourse to searching for and forming illegal sources
of financial incomes and further money laundering to
support their activities. The increase in crime,
especially in the economic sphere, strains social
relations, instigates different organizations and
movements struggling for power to receive financing
from criminal sources. In their turn, the organizations
and movements use the criminal incomes for the
political struggle, masking it behind noble causes.
Criminal associations arising against the national
backdrop manipulate the political, cross-national and
other kinds of contradictions, existing in international
and interstate relations. With the aim of laundering the
“shadow” funds and in defiance of the national
interests, they use the services of foreign banks and
special agencies of antagonistic countries
The article examines the theoretical basis of the multiplicity of individual and joint ownership of civil rights and conscientious objection to civilian duties. The author explores the state of development of scientific problems of completely plurality of persons in civil law, proves the necessity to consider the multiplicity not through teaching about the object of civil rights, but through the subject of civil rights
The article studies the problems of correlation of protection of environment and provision of environmental security including the problem of organizational mechanism of protection of environment in the process of ensuring environmental security
The author of this scientific article considers the computer-based document as a container of criminalistically significant information, which can be both orienting and evidentiary. The author also considers the opportunity of presenting computer-based documents to the court without application of paper information-carrying medium, i.e., there exists a possibility of procedural actions commitment directly with the mentioned computer-based document but not with its carrier. As an example, the author quoted an instance that executive officers listed in Article 181 of the Russian Federation Arbitration Procedure Code are entitled to demand and obtain the case from a relevant court of arbitration with the purpose of solving the problem concerning availability of grounds for lodging a protest in the exercise of supervisory powers