The objective of the research was to study the patterns of deformation with the different internal structure in a tire envelope with the standard size of 30.5-32 in propulsion units for modern mobile farm vehicles. The research method is experimental with the use of «a tire tester» and specially developed devices for determining the deformations of the tire envelope concerning the rim in circular and radial directions. Output indicators of a wheel with the pneumatic tire are determined by the ability of the tire to be deformed so that at small hysteresis losses in the rubber-cord envelope the largest area of the contact with a substructure have been created. This circumstance has special significance when developing the tires for mobile farm vehicles with the high power saturation, the patterns of deformation of which are poorly studied now. The analysis of the carried out experimental researches has shown the expediency of application of the experimental tires with the same standard size, offered in the work, on the propulsion units of the mobile farm vehicles instead of diagonal and radial tires. The rolling resistance of the experimental tires 30.5E-32 is lower than the rolling resistance of serially produced tires, and the developed area of contact is higher and that provides the decrease in the condensing impact on the soil
The purpose of this research is to increase the production of concentrated (protein) feed in agricultural enterprises through the use of electronic equipment or robotics and precise precision livestock technology, which will reduce the unit cost of their production. According to the academician L. P. Kormakovsky, accurate, precision technology enables economical use of material resources, which are feeds and their ingredients in the feed, and to obtain optimum results at the highest cost. The most important direction of development of accurate technologies in animal husbandry is the preparation of complete feed mixtures and normalized feeding of groups of animals formed by its productivity. One of the key conditions of efficiency of precise breeding and the use of sophisticated electronic means of control of technological processes is the quality of the feed. Over the past 15 years, concentrated feed forms have been the basis of the diet of most types of farm animals and is the main reserve for increasing their productivity. The article considers models of robotic means of different countries of producers, used in agricultural enterprises for the preparation and distribution of protein feed. The use of robotics currently makes it possible to facilitate human work, and in some cases to replace it. Replacement of a human in all the spheres of activity, for example in preparation of protein forages, at agricultural companies will allow to increase productivity of forage preparation equipment, quality of forages and to provide agriculture of the country with the domestic forages. However, the production of domestic robotics, which are designed for the preparation of protein feed on the basis of oilseeds (sunflower meal, soybean, etc.) is absent, which is a scientific problem. The production of robotics is most developed in European countries. Robotic means which carry out distribution of protein forages, are applied to a lesser extent at the domestic agricultural enterprises, in connection with their features
Reserves of expansion of the areas under fruit plantings in the central part of the North Caucasus are limited, one of solutions of this problem is involvement in an agricultural turn and, in particular, under fruit plantings a little or the slope lands, absolutely inconvenient for one-year cultures, having optimum climatic conditions. Currently, scientifically based technologies of cultivation of gardens on slopes are developed for foothill and mountainous areas of the North Caucasus in relation to zones. Large corporations, as well as medium and small business are engaged in production of fruits in the North Caucasian Federal District. One of problems which vendors of fruits face it is the shortage of the equipment on care of trunk strips and row-spacings of fruit plantings. Mechanized technologies of flat gardening are a little effective in specific conditions of mountain and foothill agriculture where the main limiting factor is the soil fertility. At the same time, the question of the accelerated creation of a humic layer in the trunk strips, improvements of the water and food modes of fruit plantings on slope lands is particularly acute. The carried-out analysis of a system of maintenance of the soil in gardens showed that the most rational is the cespitose and humous system providing bevelling of vegetation with its leaving on the surface of the soil in the form of mulch. However, lots the mower-grinders produced by the industry have rather low rotating speed of a rotational operating part (540 … 840 min-1); they do not provide high-quality crushing of grass vegetation, are incapable to transport crushed grassy masses in trunk strips of fruit-trees. In this regard, we offer a construction of a unit for processing of row-spacings and the trunk strips of fruit plantings. As a result of the conducted theoretical researches, we have set rational values of key parameters of the offered unit
Slope land (ravines, gullies, mountain areas) for many countries of the world are important areas of economic activity, and for some they are the only living space. In the mountainous areas there are cereals and feed, fruit, citrus, nut, berry and essential oil crops, grapes, tea and many others. On slope lands, soil preparation by terracing is widely used. The article considers modern technologies and machines for the construction of terraces in order to create protective and fruit plantations on them and to involve new areas in agricultural turnover. There are two main ways to create terraces: hinged and rifled. Most often, when terracing on tractor-passable slopes, various plows and graders (floor terraces) are used, and on tractor-passable slopes there are universal bulldozers and terrasers (rifled terraces). The shuttle plow PCHS-4-35 and revolving plows are especially convenient for the device of floor terraces, with the help of which it is possible to significantly increase labor productivity by reducing the time for idle runs. For rifled terraces, we use a large complex of machines, the most productive of which are: terraser-Ripper TR-2A; terraced equipment TK-4; terraser T-4M, etc. The use of the proposed complex of machines in the construction of raised and rifled terraces will help to increase productivity and involve new lands in agricultural turnover, which will ultimately increase food security of the Russian Federation
The small-scale intra-economic plants producing loose compound feed are outdated and require reconstruction by method of the modern process lines of compound feed granulation or extrusion adding. But such reconstruction requires a production stop. It is unacceptable for agricultural enterprises. The method of small-scale intra-economic formula-feed plant reconstruction is offered. The method consists in integration into composition of the plant of a modular process line for loose compound feed extrusion or granulation without stopping of production. The building for a new process line is created from the constructive modules representing metal frames with overall dimensions of a standard cargo container in which the equipment, ready to application, is installed. The combined multilevel building of a process line for granulation or extrusion is placed near the main factory building of the existing intra-economic enterprise. Buildings additional and the main production lines form two multilevel production factory building. The example of small-scale formula-feed plant reconstruction by method of integration a modular process line for granulation is explained. The line consists of modules for operational storage and dispensing of loose compound feed, conditioning and granulation, cooling, separation of granules. The traditional formula-feed plant of the fixed structure turns into the transformed system because the configuration of the new modular line can be easily
changed. The offered method of reconstruction is perspective for application on small-scale intra-economic formula-feed plants as allows to reorganize without stopping operating production preparation of compound feed according to the modern requirements, having increased its quality and period of storage. Period of construction of the plant decreases from several months to several weeks thanks to creation of the building of the new line from ready constructive modules
As a result of scientific analysis of the effective plant protection by spraying them with protective-stimulating liquids, the most progressive pneumohydraulic processing method was chosen, enabling the use of a wide mode range. The proposed pneumatic sprayer design can be used to equip sprayers, pollinators and combined units to perform basic operations with the use of pesticides and fertilizers. Using liquid crushing through exposure to working fluid flowing from the feeding tubes of sprayers (jets) with a high-speed air jet, it was possible to carry out the spraying process in a low-volume and ultra-small-volume way in a highly dispersive airborne jets. To study the air-borne jet parameters, providing the working fluid spraying quality as a polydisperse system, we have used a probabilistic-statistical analysis method. It studies variation range of signs according to the classes. Theoretically, the air-borne jet forming process by a pneumatic slit sprayer was considered. Using the three-factor central composite rotatable uniform plan (CURUP), the influence of three factors (surge tank position in cm, air pressure MPa and the feeding tube inclination angle in degrees) on the sprayer performance and the surface response on the working fluid median-mass diameter was determined. It was found that the response surfaces have a form of a paraboloid, the extremum of which is observed at an air pressure of 0.15 MPa (the center of the plan) and the tube installation angle in the spray housing equal to 60 degrees with the middle surge tank position. The maximum coating density of the treated object was 95 pieces / cm2 at the same position of the surge tank and air pressure in the pneumatic line of 0.3 MPa. It was proved that ultra-low volume spraying can be carried out in wide ranges of initial data while observing spraying quality requirements according to the drop median-mass diameter, the average coating density and their distribution uniformity
The article considers manufacturing techniques and assembling screw propellers of transport vehicles for rice and fish farms. The increase in technological capabilities, reliability and carrying capacity of transport vehicles is achieved by making the propeller screw, with the possibility of its rotation. We called such propellers screw propellers, since along their perimeter along the entire length, multiple-curved curved surfaces are formed in the form of helical grooves of various configurations, sizes and shapes. The spatial form of the screw propellers is made with screw surfaces in the form of helical grooves, which ensures that the transport machines for rice and fish farms are conveyed on land, on water, through swampy and difficult terrain at a sufficiently high speed. As a result of the work performed, not only the designs of screw propellers and their classification were proposed, in which there is a general principle that allows the development of still unknown structures of propellers, but also their manufacturing techniques. The design of screw propellers was performed using the KOMPAS-3D software package using descriptive geometry and engineering graphics
Transplanting seedling into the field is an extremely important period for all seedling crops, as the plant passes through basic vegetation stages. After carried analysis of seedling transplantation machines utilization it became obvious that they all have low technical and exploitation parameters. The purpose of the research was elaboration of theoretical bases for calculating parameters of a unit for seedling feeding to transplanting device, which implementation will lead to increase efficiency of transplanting. The article presents the results of theoretical researches for proving parameters of a unit for seedling feeding to transplanting device. A system of equations for acting at seedling forces during its transportation from collecting drum to feeding drum is arranged. We have also calculated nomograms for defining drum rotating frequency depending on seedling friction coefficient on surfaces of collecting and feeding drums. Parameters of pneumatic feeding drum were technologically proved. Its principle is equality of capacities of feeding unit and transplanting device. We have elaborated a nomogram for defining feeding drum rotating frequency depending on plant spacing and velocity of transplanting machine
The modern level of cultivation of agricultural animals requires new approaches to the processing and disposal of manure. To do this, it is necessary to develop effective ways of converting waste into organic fertilizers, which, in the form of liquid effluents, make it possible to enhance and preserve the soil fertility of agricultural landscapes. This is especially necessary to be carried out on black soils, where irrigation of crops with prepared and diluted drains has a positive effect on the harvest. Therefore, the creation of manure processing systems by technological sequentially related operations is an urgent problem. Cattle manure is considered as a poly-dispersed system with sedimentation and physical and chemical properties. In this case, the system requires the sequential solution of a number of complex tasks: removal of various inclusions from manure, especially colloidal and fibrous particles; prevention of premature separation of manure during homogenization; preparation of manure for separation into liquid and solid fractions is a basic technological scheme that is universal and applicable to all types of livestock-raising complexes. A feature of the integrated cattle manure disposal line is a lagoon for year-round storage of a certain amount of manure drains prepared for irrigation during the growing season. For the creation of the lagoon, a film coating is used - it works as an anti-filtration screen
The purpose of the study was to substantiate the rigid parameters of tyres in propulsion units for the combine harvesters of high performance. A research method is analytical with the use of a mathematical model of the combine harvester in which damping and rigidity of the drive axle tyres in circumferential and radial directions are taken into account. Values of the rational rigid characteristics of the pneumatic tyre have been generally determined by the ability of the tyre to be deformed so that to reduce the angular, vertical and horizontal skeleton oscillations of a combine harvester to ensure the high-quality technological process of the threshing and harvesting. The specified circumstance gains the special importance at the development and introduction of the new tyre modes for the combine harvesters of high performance. The analysis of the conducted analytical researches has been showed the expediency of using the threads of a cord in the propulsion unit of combine harvesters instead of diagonal or radial tyres of the same standard size with an original position of them. The offered pneumatic tyre of 30.5E-32 used as the leading one, and promotes the reduction of the angular oscillation amplitude and operating speed of a combine and also angular and vertical accelerations up to 1.42 times