Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article reviews the results of studying the influence of mineral fertilizers on the qualitative indices of the Merlot grape variety in the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region. The technology of cultivation of grapes on the experimental plot was in accordance with the accepted for the given zone and culture. Agrobiological work was carried out at the optimal time and had a high quality of execution. Grape bushes are laid in a 3.0 x 2.0 m pattern. Formation - a twoshoulder horizontal cordon. On the bushes we formed the same load of shoots and bunches. Scheme of the experiment: option 1 – no fertilizers (control); option 2-superphosphate with a mixture of potassium salt (P90K90) from the autumn; option 3 –nitroammofoska (N120P120K120) from autumn; option 4 – ammonium nitrate (N60) in early spring. Analysis of the results of studies on the study of biological features of growth, fruiting, yield and quality of Merlot grape varieties on the background of the use of mineral fertilizers shows their high efficiency in the conditions of the AnapoTamanskaya zone of the Krasnodar region and can be recommended for use in production conditions. Mineral fertilizers ensures the receipt of dry bulk wine of superior quality control sample (without fertilizers) the concentration of tartaric acid 17.3 25.1 percent, phenolic compounds 17.1 – 40.0 %, and alcohol content of 7.2 and 9.3 %, titratable acids 11.8 and 13.7 %, given extract by 17.4 %, with a decrease of the mass concentration of total sulfur dioxide and pH. The most effective is the introduction of NPK (N120P120K120)

In the article we have studied 55 aboriginal varieties, collected in the North Caucasus. We have described allelic diversity and identified four haplotypes. All the populations were closely related while being examined using a factor of Nei's genetic distance (Dn), with the exception of indigenous varieties of Armenia. Maximum differences have been found between the Uzbek population and Astrakhan, Turkmenian, Armenian populations. The most genetically rich were the population of Don area and Krasnodar region

Vitis vinifera subsp. silvestris Gmel. is the wild subspecies of Vitis vinifera L. and an important source of genetic resources for grapes breeding. Currently, this form is very rare in the world. In this paper, conducted the first study of wild grapes which was found in the North Caucasus with the use of two microsatellite markers. The study have shown a high level of genetic diversity: intrapopulation variability was 75,2%, the interpopulation variability accounts was 24,8%. All populations are characterized by certain unique genetic structure and may be as donor of resistance genes which have a long-term evolutionary selection

The article discusses the use of automatic systemic-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis), its mathematical model is a system of information theory and software tools – an intellectual system called "Eidos" for the solution of some problems of ampelography: 1) digitization of scanned images of the leaves and creation of their mathematical models; 2) the formation of mathematical models of specific leaves using the spreading of information theory; 3) the formation of models of generalized images of leaves of various sorts; 4) comparing an image of a specific leaf with a generalized image of the leaf of different varieties and finding a quantitative degree of similarity and differences between them, i.e. the identification of the varieties on the leaf; 5) quantification of the similarities and differences of the varieties, i.e. cluster-constructive analysis of generalized images of the leaves of different varieties. We propose a new approach to digitizing images of leaves, based on using the polar coordinate system, the center of gravity of the image and its external contour. Before scanning images we may use transformation to standardize the position of the still images, their sizes and rotation angle. Therefore, the results of digitization and ASC-analysis of the images might be invariant (independent) relatively to their position, size and rotation. The specific shape of the contour of the leaf is regarded as noise information on the variety, including information about the true shape of the leaf of the class (clean signal) and noise, which distort this true form, originating in a random environment. Software tools of ASC-analysis – intellectual "Eidos" system ensures noise reduction and the selection of the signal about the true shape of the leaf of each variety on the basis of a number of noisy concrete examples of the leaves of this variety. This creates a one way form of a leaf of each class, free from their concrete implementations, i.e., the "Eidos" of these images (in the sense of Plato) is a prototype or archetype (in the Jungian sense) of the images

The article presents the results of studies of 92 indigenous varieties and 15 wild genotypes by 24 microsatellite markers. As a result a locus database about germplasm in the collection stored at the Russian ampelographical collection AZOSViV (Anapa Zone Experimental Station of Viticulture and winemaking) was created. During the research of varietal breeding populations confirmed the validity in the production of the cultivar of Krasnostop anapsky with obvious changes in microsatellite sequences as a clone of famous indigenous Don cultivar Krasnostop Zolotovskii. This clone was selected in 1953 by prominent agrotechnologist Zotkin Ivan Ivanovich which is propagated by the author and his followers, and after a formal registration submitted to state testing in 2007 in GSK RF, zoned in the North Caucasus region (number 6) in 2014 year. Sort -clone Krasnostop anapsky only in the Kuban today cultivating in 35 hectares. By using molecular genetic techniques, now clonal selection of vine grapes is reasonably improving. Recent data collected by us in the work process, were analyzed a comprehensive manner, making it possible to draw conclusions about distinctness of grape varieties. Some clones were studied by DNA primers, based on retrotransposon sequences

The analysis of varietal and age structure of vineyards occupied by 29 varieties and clones of the technical direction of use in the "Alushta" branch of FSUE "PJSC "Massandra". Taking into account the ecological and climatic conditions of the Alushta valley and the specialization of the economy, the largest share in the assortment of technical varieties is occupied by red grape varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon and clones of Cabernet Sauvignon R5, R8, VCR8, No. 169 including (26.68%), Bastardo Magarachsky and Bastardo clone VCR1 (12.06%), Saperavi (7.33%), Krasnostop zolotovsky (5.69%), Merlot and clone Merlot R3 (4.62 %). White varieties are in a smaller percentage: white Muscat and white Muscat clone R3 (8.47 %), white Kokur (7.1%), Aligote (3.82%), Semillon and clones Semillon â„– 173 and â„– 299 (3.68%), Gars level (2.99%). Plantings in the most productive age of 6-10 and 11-15 years are 57.5 % of the total area. At the same time, the share of introduced clones of varieties accounts for 26.65 %. In general, the age structure of the vineyards is favorable. The company produces high quality wine materials for production of traditional Federal state unitary enterprise "PJSC "Massandra" wines: white Port Alushta, Alushta red Port, pink Port Alushta, Alushta red Table, Pinot Gris, Massandra, Madera Crimean Alushta Tokay, white Muscat, Massandra Kokur, Semillon Alushta and sherry wine. In addition, there are new brands of semi-sweet white and red wines Pearl Massandra, as well as varietal wine materials Aligote, Cabernet, Sauvignon, Merlot, Saperavi, Chardonnay, Bastardo and Semillon. Analysis of the assortment shows that in the production plantings of "Alushta" branch of FSUE "PJSC "Massandra" there are varieties of medium and late ripening, which does not create peaks during harvesting and processing, ensuring uniform flow of raw materials for winemaking. It is necessary to expand the assortment of the economy due to a number of promising varieties of Syrah, Petit Verdot, Malbec, Sangiovese and others with a complex of economically valuable properties introduced from other regions

The article reveals analysis of varietal and age structure of vineyards occupied by 29 varieties and clones of the technical direction of use in the branch "Alushta" of FSUE "PJSC "Massandra". Taking into account the ecological and climatic conditions of the Alushta valley and the specialization of the economy, the largest share in the assortment of technical varieties is occupied by red grape varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon and clones of Cabernet Sauvignon R5, R8, VCR8, No. 169 including (26.68%), Bastardo Magarachsky and Bastardo clone VCR1 (12.06%), Saperavi (7.33%), Krasnostop zolotovsky (5.69%), Merlot and clone Merlot R3 (4.62 %). White varieties are in a smaller percentage: white Muscat and white Muscat clone R3 (8.47 %), white Kokur (7.1%), Aligote (3.82%), Semillon and clones Semillon â„– 173 and â„– 299 (3.68%), Gars level (2.99%). Plantings in the most productive age of 6-10 and 11-15 years are 57.5 % of the total area. At the same time, the share of introduced clones of varieties accounts for 26.65 %. In General, the age structure of the vineyards is acceptable. The company produces high quality wine materials for production of traditional Federal state unitary enterprise "PJSC "Massandra" wines: white Port Alushta, Alushta red Port, pink Port Alushta, Alushta red Table, Pinot Gris, Massandra, Madera Crimean Alushta Tokay, white Muscat, Massandra Kokur, Semillon Alushta and sherry wine. In addition, there are new brands of semi-sweet white and red wines Pearl Massandra, as well as varietal wine materials Aligote, Cabernet, Sauvignon, Merlot, Saperavi, Chardonnay, Bastardo and Semillon. Analysis of the assortment shows that in the production plantings of "Alushta" branch of FSUE "PJSC "Massandra" there are varieties of medium and late ripening, which does not create peaks during harvesting and processing, ensuring uniform flow of raw materials for winemaking. It is necessary to expand the assortment of the economy due to a number of promising varieties of Syrah, Petit Verdot, Malbec, Sangiovese and others with a complex of economically valuable properties introduced from other regions

In the present article, we have described data of comparative ampelography of biometric evaluation of leaf parameters of the three table grapes: Preobragenie, Victor and Jubiley Novocherkasska, widespread in the amateur and farming areas of Russia and the Ukraine

The article describes two common methods for assessing the sustainability of the grape varieties to the harmful organisms: domestic [1, 4] and the international OIV [7]; the table of the comparative indicators of sustainability for these methods and the results of the evaluations of 24 varieties zoned in the Krasnodar region has been presented

Newest breeding aromatic grape variety with colored pulp and juice is Traminer black bred in Athens Viticulture Institute (Greece) P.Zamanidi, L.Troshin and L.Maltabar in 2007 by crossing the Ukrainian (Odessian) black varieties (Alicante Bouschet x Cabernet Sauvignon) with the European Traminer pink. According to the morphological and physiological characteristics related to the group of Western European varieties. Length of production period 136-145 days. The strength of growth shoots is strong (2,1-3,0 m). Productivity is high. The average weight of bunch 200 grams. Characterized by a high resistance to cold, drought resistance and increased resistance to fungal diseases in comparison with common varieties of Vitis vinifera L. Flower is hermaphrodite. Clusters are short or medium, conical, sometimes with wing, average density. Berry is small, round, blue-black coloring, with a thick waxy coating. Peel thick, dense, durable. Pulp and juice intensely colored, with a taste of Gewurztraminer. Content of sugar is very high: in the bushes on the stale grapes reaches more than 40%. Prolonged preservation of crop on bushes. Sort intended for manufacturing intensely colored dry red wines of excellent grade and high-quality sparkling, dessert, sweet wines and liqueurs, and is suitable for high-quality juices. When used in blends with other varieties, enhances coloration, completeness of taste and improves the bouquet of wine