Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article reports in color on the characteristics of the three varieties and their clones that are common in Afghanistan. In the process of ampelographic screening of vineyards in Afghanistan, three varieties previously undescribed in Russian literature under the local names Aita, Gundyan and Shandyhani were discovered. Their identification by ampelographic and ampelometric characteristics made it possible to establish the original Aita variety, the Gundyan variety as a synonym for Guladan and Shandyhani as a synonym for the world famous Sultanin, or Kishmish. The described varieties are quite common in Afghanistan, reputable in economic returns and are still promising for cultivation in their country, where they are successfully used in the manufacture of dried products and high-quality diet juices. To identify the impact of various environmental conditions on the growth, development, quantity and quality of the crop, these varieties must be tested in all zones of different ecological and geographical areas of cultivation

The influence of growth, its ripened part and the diameter of the vine at the base of the shoot on the growth power of 922 seedlings of 55 combinations of crosses in 2011 and 2012 was studied (planting scheme 3 x 1 m), seedlings of grapes of the second and third years of vegetation in the field conditions of the Southern coast of Crimea. The mean vine maturation for all populations was 64.7%, the diameter at the base of the shoots was 3.3 mm. After pruning to reverse growth, in the third year of vegetation of seedlings (2014), the length of growth of shoots increased significantly and the average for populations it became 73.3 cm. The coefficient of variation increased, 26%, - it acquired the character of a significant deviation from the general population. This happened because the seedlings, which had a vine growth less than 25 cm in the second year of vegetation, had a growth of only 35 cm in the third year, whereas in all seedlings that had a growth of more than 30 cm, in the following year shoots increased almost 1, 5 and 2 times more. Formulas are proposed for estimating the growth force of seedlings according to the 9-score scale OIV (OIV)

Intensive viticulture as a sub-branch of the grape-wine industry of agriculture is developing due to the introduction of modern scientific developments. The intensification of production consists of laying vineyards with planting material of higher biological categories, highly productive clones of traditional and long-established selection varieties; advanced agrotechnological techniques and mechanized operations, etc. For import substitution of table grapevine in our country, it is especially important to introduce new big-berry varieties from early to late maturity, providing a continuous 100-day conveyor for harvesting, with a bunch of grapes, various colors and the shape of berries. In many countries of the world with developed viticulture, breeding programs are being conducted to create competitive table varieties. As a result, there were obtained Muscat of Italy (Italy), Cardinal, Red Globe (USA), Moldova (Moldova), widely spread all over the world. But the world market does not stand still and breeders are working on new varieties. In recent years, there has been a trend of enlargement of berries from 8 to 24 grams, preference is given to varieties with pink and red berries. So, for example, created in Ukraine - a very early variety of Livia; in Russia - the variety clones of Livia K and Rochefort K, the early varieties of the Memory of the Teacher, the Gift of the Nesvetay, the Preobraghenie and the Jubilee of Novocherkassk, and others. These varieties are bred according to the developed model, which shows the genetic regularities of the formation of maximum expression in transgressive recombinants in quantitative (mass of berries and bunches) and qualitative (shape and color of berries) traits associated with maturation

The Dimitra variety is a hybrid, which was made as the result of Greek and Russian scientific collaboration in Greece, by Pantiley Zamanidi and Leonid Troshin in 2001 by hybridization of Aigeogritiko variety and Merlot. On its morphological characteristics it is included in the group of the Black sea varieties (convar. pontica subconvar. balcanica Negr.). The production period is 146-155 days. The leave is middle or big, black-green, five lobes, deep dissected. The middle weight of bunch is 300 g, the form is cylinder conical, middle density or friable. The berry is middle, not colored, with low labrusk taste. The yield is high. The sugariness is high. The quantity of seed in the berry is one or two. It has higher frost resistance; drought resistance and higher steadiness to mushroom diseases compare with the parents varieties. The variety is using for making desert dry red wine of outstanding quality

The article reviews the results of the study of influence of treatment of Saperavi vines with growth promoters (Immunotsitofit, Krezatcina and HB-101ECO) on its productivity and quality in the Anapо-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region

The paper reviews the results of the study in in Anapо-Taman zone Krasnodar territory e of influence treatment vines Saperavi growth promoters Immunotsitofit, Krezatcina and HB-101ECO on quality parameters wine

The newest wine grape variety Eftihiya with aromatic pink colored skin (in Greek the name means “happi-ness”) was breed with hybridization at the Athens In-stitute of Viticulture by P. Zamanidi, L. Troshin and P. Radchevskiy in 2005 by crossing the Greek varieties and Malaguzya with Eurasian Traminer pink. Dura-tion of production period from bud burst to harvest 146-155 days. Yields are very high: 25-30 t / ha. Modal mass of clusters is 250 g. Bunch is conical, me-dium density. Berry is medium, short elliptical, pink colored, with a thick wax coating. Pulp and juice with the expressed varietal flavor, similar to the aroma of Traminer pink. Sugar content of more than 24%. Vari-ety is designed for production for the dry white wines of excellent class and high-quality sparkling, dessert and sweet wines; suitable for the production of high quality aromatic juices

This article presents the possibilities of using organic fertilizers, which allow you to recharge grape raw material with biologically active substances and improve the nutritional value of wine production. The influence of organic fertilizers on activation of process for detoxification of soil toxic compounds has been measured, ensuring food safety of raw materials for the production of grape wine products by reducing of hazardous chemicals. The use of biotechnology preserves and also enhances the uniqueness and diversity of the chemical composition of the grape raw material. We have established that after the four-year application of biotechnology the content of toxic compounds in grape raw material was reduced by 7%, and the concentration of biologically active substances increased in 1,5-2% times in comparison with the production of commercial plantations

Characteristic of chemical composition of varieties of grape cultivated in the Central zone of Krasnodar region and quality of juice produced from them is given in the article. Varieties for manufacturing of high-quality juices are recommended

This review article highlights a new method of DNA extraction from herbarium leaves of grapes for use in PCR-analysis