The aim of the article is to demonstrate binarism as a
method of theoretical perception. First of all, the
authors define the initial concept of binarism as a
principle of differentiating binary oppositions which
came from philology into other sciences. Then, they
stipulate the application conditions of binarism as a
methodological principle, namely, both members of
the opposition are stipulated, however, reasoning
should not contain such logical mistakes as ‘defining
through negation’ and ‘range of evidence’.
Subsequently, logic of description is connected with
stipulation of the ‘life’ concept, first, philosophically,
then, using propositions of some natural sciences,
namely, biological and, further on, physical and
astrophysical definitions. Every time the authors use
binary principle in describing these propositions. So,
every time it becomes evident that if death can be
defined as absence of life, the concept of life requires
another approach, based on positive statements, which
is also hard to do as it leads the researchers to the limit
‘nothing’ – ‘everything’; ‘not being’ – ‘being’. The
results of the article have double nature. As the aim of
the investigation was to demonstrate application
features of the definite methodological principle,
representation of the material may be considered as
the aim achievement. In addition, in the concluding
part the authors draw a line, formulating theoretical
propositions, which concern both natural science and
philosophical argumentation
This article discusses the problem of constructing a
General scientific theory. This examines the theoretical
foundations of science and scientific criteria; the study
considers the current situation in science in the context
of the problem of constructing a General scientific
theory
Contemporary philosophical thought is able to find
modern trends of development. The traditional
materialistic and idealistic model turns out archaic and
platitudinous. It is necessary to work out appropriate
forms of reflection. In addition, a need exists for
including the interpretation of being actual
fundamental research. The history of Russian thought
reveals that in the end of XIX century, when
intellectual crisis was occurred, it was formed such
philosophical trend as realism. The grounds of realism
were the achievements of natural science on the one
hand and on the other were the revolutionarydemocratic
ideas of «the Sixties». Realism being
aimed at the reinterpretation and transformation of
practical life on the real foundations set itself the task
to study the actual reality. Therefore, philosophical
realism has received an active development in a
domestic science. Natural scientists argued correlative
unity of material and ideal in nature. Idealism was
regarded as speculative (insignificant) philosophy and
materialism was as a limitation of the cognitive space
of being and nature. The advantages of philosophical
realism are rationalism, syncretism, and criticism.
Realism is a trend of thought which has not yet
evolved and can be productive in resolving modern
problems
Studying the archetype of elitism is extremely important to correctly assess the direction of historical development of the state. This provides the possibility for reasonable buildup of the state domestic and foreign policy and presents the base for constructive development of the methodology of scientific cognition in the field of politology, philosophy and history. However, as the human is a complex biological system, many aspects of the human social activities are based on and conditioned by genetic potential of the human. The study provides definition of the elite and elite communities. It sais that the whole course of the history is eventually a positive or a negative interaction of elites. Nevertheless, the appearance and functioning of any elite is only possible and understandable in the context of some particular civilization, country or in a specific period of time. If the elites are taken out of the historical context, they get a nonmaterial and mythical status. If the archetype of elitism already moving along the time axis for many hundreds and even thousands of years is present, now we can observe the qualitative change of the contemporary elite along with the change of its functions and its purpose itself. On the one hand, we can observe the process of old elites degeneration; on the other hand – new elite formations keep to appear which can be essentially different from their antecedents and have other functions and purpose
The archetypes of knights and nobility are alive and
exist nowadays. The question is how this influence is
carried out qualitatively and quantitatively as far as it
is obvious and what ways of its influence. We will
consider interaction of the medal organizations with
society and penetration of their archetypes in centuries
today. The fullest concept of the Award was developed
now by Maxim Kalashnikov (Kucherenko Vladimir
Aleksandrovich). And the purpose of it of "An award
of new sword-bearers" is revival of Russia, as
independent imperial state. It is possible to assume that
the word "Award" turns on some mechanisms hidden
in us leading to realization of its archetype, and then
and its development, so to speak "germination of
seeds" in centuries, and even the millennia. As the
material carrier of archetypes various structures can
act. For example, it can be the genetic level which is
shown in a complex, multicircuit and multilevel
structure of human mentality, so and a brain. It can be
also field structures which accumulate information and
in which a brain of the person only the send-receive
device and the antenna, proceeding from that, for
example, that the nature of planetary superreason is the
integrated association of physical fields what in due
time V.I. Vernadsky closely approached
The article analyses the problems of science development and modernization of higher education. The role of higher school is under consideration which includes our success or failure both at production site and in the areas of science, techniques, technology, innovations, culture with regard to institutionalization of the world informational space and globalization of the world economy. In contemporary conditions, the higher education as a main component of the national educational complex is one of the most extensive and important areas of human activity which has integrated with all other areas of social life. The higher education is the largest sector of the Russian economy which, on the one hand, promotes the formation and development of the main productive force – the man and, on the other hand, - serves as an important source of mindset and methodology formation, an indicator of development of the socio-cultural environment of modern society. It also needs consideration that the expenses on the higher school at their socio-economical content are the investments in rising of the scientific and educational, the scientific and production potentials which result in increasing of the commonly shared human capital of the country
The article revises the classical nature/culture opposition from the point of new discoveries and studies of "cultural traditions" that were found in nature in different species (bees, ants, birds, monkeys, etc.). Special attention is given to the socially mediated mechanisms of inheritance and learning, considered particular cognitive foundations of cultural traditions. A number of studies have shown that the main feature of culture that exists in the human community is its cumulative nature. Cumulativeness is characterized by the ability to social development that is based on the consideration, accumulation and improvement of the achievements of previous generations and on distributed actions resulting from the increasing complexity of knowledge and social activities. Considering examples of the origin and development of means of communication, creation of new tools and "technology" of their usage, scientists show that small cumulative effects are presented in nature. In this regard, the work moderates categorical statements, according to which "cultural traditions" in nature have only accumulative and no cumulative characteristics. The article shows the necessary individual cognitive prerequisites for the origin of such cumulative culture. It is also argued that for an explanation of that origin the study of the social grounds of the communication are required, furthermore, there is necessity to take into account the various manifestations of "social intelligence" that is significant for formation of inter-subjective knowledge and "social memory". It is presupposed that the cumulative nature of the evolution is essential not only for sociocultural but also for other genetic and non-genetic inheritance systems
The ideology of the Russian statehood has essential
value both in connection with globalization
tendencies, and in connection with problems of
development of the Russian civil identity. In the
article we give an assessment of shortcomings of
ideological process of the USSR in connection with
the nihilistic attitude towards domestic spiritual
tradition. The main lines of traditional Russian
philosophy essential from the point of view of history
of ideological consciousness in Russia are considered
In the article we have observed the main theoretical
and methodological issues of European philosophy
streams in the second half of XX century, which
refused the image of philosophy as exact science,
based on logic conceptual tool. We have shown the
connection of poststructuralist formations and
structuralist scheme in creating «discourse typology»,
a new discipline which implies philosophy to be
considered as one of literature genres. Structuralists’
search starts from the description of invariable, static
structures that help to create separate pieces of fiction.
The latter are observed as isolated situations in which
these atomic structures are used. Such attitude, as
revealed in the article, results in two deductions. The
first considers literature having no specific features
compared to other types of discourse, i.e. it does not
exist as such. (Ts.Todorov) The second deduction
implies that being aware of the logical creation of any
meaning reader’s hermeneutics is seen as unnecessary.
These deductions resulted in a new scientific
discipline «discourse typology», developed by
structuralists. This stream was continued by
poststructuralists, i.e. strategy to «poetize philosophy»
is justified by the expansion of the object for science
cognition in the direction of not verifiable and not
rationalized, requiring separate methods of study as
well as description language. Consequently,
philosophical discourse becomes that very descriptive
language that helps to overcome «logocentrism» of
traditional thinking. Further in the article we consider
the main «logomachy» strategies developed by
J.Derrida, i.e. «deconstruction», «structure
decentration», «critics of transcendental significatum»,
«critics of structural properties of the construction»
It is interesting for interdisciplinary understanding of game phenomena, how the concept of the game discourse can operate in different non-playing contexts. Researching of game concept allows tracing the figurative conceptualization knowledge of this universal phenomenon. The author uses a lot of examples to prove that game phenomenon represents itself in a language and has been reflected in the mind of people. It is shown, that lingvo-culturological concept of the game has more productive metaphorical rethinking. We single out the most important characteristics of game, explain some imaginations about gaming, explicate dominant sense of game freedom, its choice, imitation, dynamic and emotional stress, agonistic, risk, unpredictability and others attribute the symptoms. Represented contexts of usage also illustrate communicative and social components of gaming behavior. Dominant meanings, key ideas, that unite viewed image, actualize basic principles that are typical for the game phenomenon in common, and the specific characteristics of different types of games (sport, children, gambling, theater, computer, etc.)