Name
Maslov Gennady Georgiyevich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Kuban State Agrarian University
Web site url
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Articles count: 21
Using the example of three multipurpose assemblies
(MPA) we have presented the possibility of the cost
and loss function appliance for the substantiation of
the design and operating parameters as the criterion of
optimization. The mentioned objective function of
mathematical model is the sum of expenses on the
performance of the scheduled amount of automated
tasks and the cost of the crop loss related to the failure
of meeting deadlines. It is common knowledge that
the longer the execution of work lasts (e.g. crop
harvesting), the more value it loses. The extremum of
the cost and loss function is the minimum of the sum
of expenses and the cost of losses which sets the
optimal parameters, the mode of the MPA functioning
and the work duration. The cost of inputs for the work
performance within the objective function includes
operating costs of the MPA for the scheduled amounts
of work. With the increase of the duration of these
works the expenses decrease, however, the cost of
losses grows. The sum of the costs of inputs and
losses has the extremum that sets the solution
optimality. The cost of crop losses depends on the
purchase price for the harvested crops and the crop
losses intensity for each day of harvesting which we
have already developed significant dependencies for.
We have suggested the control flow charts for
optimizing the MPA parameters and their functioning
modes, we have evolved the notion of the objective
function and the method of its calculation for different
sets of assemblies. Through the example of the
multipurpose complex assembly for stubble soil
cultivation and simultaneous green manure dropping,
we have analyzed the results of the task solution using
the cost and loss function which is an effective
method of the parameter optimization and the
functioning modes of various machine assemblies and
facilitates the choice of alternative options
The urgency of the task in creating a reliable plant protection system is the improvement and development of new technologies for spraying crops on the basis of fundamentally new agricultural requirements at a higher quality level, increasing productivity, reducing energy costs and greening protective measures. Pneumatic slotted sprayers have great design capabilities allowing obtaining operating parameters necessary for the specific task of the sprayer. In this regard, we have proposed a technological scheme of the sprayer in the garden-vineyard version. To do this, the sprayers are placed in pneumatic ducts of the fans mounted on the sprayers. It is possible to reduce energy and resource costs, to achieve high quality indicators of the process and to increase the level of environmental friendliness by developing technical means for ultra-low-volume spraying. The principal novelty in solving the problem of ultra-low volume spraying is the use of KubSAU design pneumatic sprayers on the sprayer, and the scheme of the technological process, allowing the reduction of the working fluid and pesticides doses rate, resulting in reduced operating costs to support operations: preparation of working fluids and filling the sprayers. To process two rows simultaneously, it is possible to use sprayers equipped with two centrifugal fans with the installation of pneumatic slit sprayers with fixation in the ducts that they overlap, forcing the air from the fan to pass through the atomizer body, mixing with drops of working fluid. In this case, the speed of the air-droplet jets increases and more efficient use of the air jet from the fan occur. Along with the use of sprayers, equipped with KubSAU design pneumatic sprayers, to combat pests and diseases, we propose to use a sprayer to combat weeds in the trunk area of perennial plantations. Thus we have a family of ultra-low volume sprayers with pneumatic slotted sprayers of the Kuban State Agrarian University design
There have been suggested the courses of the machine
technologies refinement in the process of spiked
cereals production. The course of their technical
update was studied in our previous article. There were
analyzed the drawbacks of the modern machine
production of crops and we presented the course of
their elimination due to the technology optimization,
resource and energy preservation, machine
technologies of soil improvement and new innovative
technological solutions. The suggested technology
optimization was designed taking into account
rigorous alternation of crops in the rotation,
optimizing of breeds and crossbreeds, application of
intermediate crops simultaneously with harvesting the
previous crop, introducing progressive methods of
chemical treatment and synchronous tillage. The
resource and energy preservation is based on the
combination of technological operations coinciding
with the tasks in agricultural terms during a single
machinery pass across the field, application of the
mobile power unit (UPU-450), low- and ultralow
capacity spraying, optimization of choice of certain
agrimethods in the process of crop production and the
resource calculation of estimated crop yield. In the set
of soil improvement courses we have studied the
mechanization of the restoration processes of natural
soil formation, defecate introduction, the use of
stubbly remains, compulsory presence of permanent
grasses in crop rotation. New innovative solutions in
the crop production technologies include the
refinement of the mechanization facilities in tillage,
spraying, new methods of crop harvesting
(unwinnowed bread, root tow, cleaning of thrashed
heap after the harvesting, etc). We have analyzed the
ways of mechanization of “organic farming” and seed
treatment with biologic mixtures
The systemic links that depend on mechanization, which affect the growth of the cost price of field crop production were proposed and their analysis was made. Three main blocks of the basic reasons for production costs growth (machinery and materials cost rise, agroecological potential underutilization, agrotechnologies non-observance) disclose agricultural machinery and agrotechnologies of field crops negative aspects that are being used, and also explain agro-potential underutilization causes on the example of the Krasnodar region. The irrational nomenclative list of machines in the current system was analyzed, which not only raises field crop production cost price, but also negatively affects the soil fertility due to its reconsolidation and spraying. Requirements for production processes mechanization means, taking into account their cost price reduction, were formulated. The possibilities for optimizing of the field works timing performed by the proposed agricultural machinery, their quality improving and product damage reducing, as well as work complexity with coinciding terms, streamlining and rhythmicity of processes were formulated. Taking into account the system approach, the imbalance between the agro-industrial complex and management forms was reflected in the weak interrelation of their interests with state interests, which also affects the cost price of production. The negative aspects of the machine system for the mechanization of field crop cultivation were revealed. A special effect should be expected from the proposed combination of technological operations in one pass of the machine across the field due to full-scale adaptations to machines, the ratio of the park of caterpillar and wheel tractors and the work complexity. On the basis of these studies, proposals for traumatization reducing of grain by harvesting equipment and the cost of crop losses from trauma, as well as the regularities of the area of damage to grain from grain vitality have been substantiated. The reasons of production cost price increase are connected with attracting investment issues and managing innovative activities of introducing priority means of mechanization (concessional lending, subsidies, etc.)
The article presents analysis of the problem of increasing the quality of the implementation of mechanized operations to harvest crops and seed dressing chemicals. The quality of grain harvesting combine harvesters was considered for the new modern harvesters in terms of crop losses, grain crushing and microdamages. The quality of seed treatment is considered on the basis of the ejection slot-spraying nozzles at ultra low seed coming down with a conical distribution surface, ending rounded shape logisticians. The problem of improving the quality of the grain harvest is mainly due to its losses for the combine and injury. By the way, the amount of grain crushing almost half its losses determines the percentage of the combine. The greatest fragmentation occurs in the threshing and separating device (LSG) combines with a hammer drums and several times lower - in the axial rotor LSG. At last there is a big advantage - high performance combines that preference when replacing obsolete machines with a hammer apparatus. Quality depends on the etching uniformity of distribution of atomized liquid droplets and completeness of etching. The proposed new flowsheet Dressers fixed flow distribution and ejection-slotted spray solution of the working fluid has significant advantages: reliable processing of seeds, completeness (not less than 97%) and uniformity (98%) of dressing material. Optimal duty cycle flow of seeds created by a fixed cone with an angle of 45 degrees, the spatial arrangement of ejection nozzles relative to the flow of processed seeds provide good quality of work
The article presents technologies and design features of the proposed chisel combined unit, combining in a single pass over the field 3 operations: deep loosening, crumbling additional topsoil and alignment, fertilizing. Design features of such a subsoiller as the basis of the unit include a chisel on each rack, fixed at an angle of 15-25 degrees to the horizontal and lessons along the center line of the rack feet, and flat cutting fun-leveling, consisting of two coaxially bred drums equipped with ripper teeth securely fastened according to our patents and placed in 5-9 rows on the surface of the drums on the helix, with rows of teeth on both drums have the opposite direction. The teeth of the first drum are long by 5-9 cm than the second, the clearance between the teeth of the first and second drum does not exceed 1.5 cm, and the ends of the teeth between the first reel and the cylindrical surface of the second - 1 cm. Front legs each provided with a divider soil laid down by its center and related to the lower of its parts - the bit. The first reel is mounted to 5 cm clearance between it and the cylindrical surface of the soil, which improves process reliability. We have got analytical dependences of the required power for the engine of the tractor unit with the proposed change of the working speed and width at the optimum utilization traction tractor plowing 0.9. We have justified a preferred brand of domestic and foreign tractors for this purpose
The use of grain-harvesters in field work and their influence on the reduction of machinery demand are given on an example of a typical farm
Improvement trends of methodical approaches in complex cereals harvesting in optimal terms with technical support substantiation are considered. Structure and technical equipment are considered as well