Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Development of plants in mixed or combined sowings is based on the symbiotic association in the basis of which we have decreased sexual process and its mechanism of genetic exchange among endosymbionts and stimulating of genetic exchange and expansion of the diversity of species among exosymbionts. The exception is the symbiosis of orchids and fungi - activators of orchids mycorrhiza with developed micellar system easily passing on saprophytic option. Coevolution of plant organisms with fungi indicates the specifics symbiogenic conjugate evolution, showing an example of the evolution of a small community with different contact with the external environment. The phenomenon of symbiogenesis has a long history and was manifested in a variety of different types of organisms. Today, some dependence of existence of one species from other organisms is observed at approximately 75% of higher plants and 90% of the animals in varying degrees of symbiogenic dependence from other species and taxa. Originality of symbiogenesis was analyzed by Academician A.A. Takhtadzhyan (1973) during its consideration of origin of eukaryotic cells as process of "assembly" of a complex system. Different approaches to determining the biological essence of symbiosis are known in the history of study of this phenomenon. On the whole phenomenon of symbiosis belongs to the category mutual relations of organisms of different phylogenetic groups

In this article, we review the influence of different pro-duction technologies for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil under alfalfa, and the impact of culture on the accumulation of nitrogen in the soil

Dispersed colloidal particles pertaining to positive colloids is played important role in the process of the interaction of organic wastes (sewage sludge, defeca-tion mud, chicken manure, etc.) with various wastes of mineral raw materials (phosphogypsum, lime powder, halite, etc.)

Climatic cycles associated with global phases of create gasses are the reasons of oscillation ecosystems and their constituent. Ecological capacitance of systems increases or decreases due to the appearance of new ecological niches, which creating favorable conditions for expanding or narrowing opportunities of adapting new types of organization of living organisms and their significant changes. Conjugacy of the biological evolution of living organisms with geological crises and periodic variations in solar activity is observed. Direction in the development of plant life forms since the beginning of their occurrence was quite varied. The most deeply the development of life forms was developed for flowering plants, starting from of different groups of gymnosperms. The main reasons for selection of life forms are due to challenges facing researchers

Balance of heavy metals in the topsoil describes their content at admission and take-out for a specific period of time. Sources of heavy metals in the soil are their admission with atmospheric precipitation, sowing material, dust, organic and mineral fertilizers, as well as other components. Take-out of elements from the soil is taken into account with a crop (grain yield of green mass, roots, etc.), as well as with the removal of water and wind erosion

Complex compost includes all elements of the periodic table and is valuable due to the complexity of its system. Among the elements forming a chemical composition of the complex compost we can identify two most important, which are distinguishing a specific character of the interaction with each other and defining the basic processes to ensure vegetation of living system - nitrogen and carbon. Nitrogen determines the rate of energy and connects with living forms of organic matter; it is included as the part of protein and is a major element in determining the productivity of ecosystems. At the cycle of carbon its organic forms and carbon dioxide take a part, presenting the main factors of the processes of respiration and photosynthesis

Dispersity of wastes of all productions including domestic, agricultural, industrial and violations of the natural systems which are heterogeneous and dispersed formations comprising two or more phases with the developed surface is discussed. Disperse systems of wastes are classified into true solutions, systems of finely dispersed of colloids, coarsely dispersed (mainly mineral wastes) and highly dispersed (organic waste)

Multicomponent compost represents a good environment for a significant number of species of living organisms and populations which produce enzymes, vitamins and other active substances. Chemical and physical properties of complicated composts are heterogeneous and polydisperse interim systems, and on the gene pool of living organisms are a rich comprehensive substratum. The heterogeneity of complicated composts of characterized by a very wide range of organisms which using animal waste and isolating of germinating seeds and spores of higher and lower plants

We know, that in the development of the natural ecosystems of the Western Priazovye its biomass predominates. This ensures the maximum protection from noticeable changes of habitat. Basic succession defining a significant shift of energy flow in the direction to increase of their expenditures to maintain forming populations determined by broad specialization of natural systems on ecological niches, and their individuals have rather small size, the life cycles of many of them are very simple and short. The coastal strip of the Azov Sea has been seriously degraded due to powerful recreational load, especially in the summer. Presumably one should expect an increased anthropogenic load on ecosystems of this area. Quite obvious is a regularity of overload agroecosystem which occupies the territory between the river and other water formations. The relatively low productivity of agricultural systems of the Eastern Azov is limited by number of factors, among which the main place is occupied with the moisture, nutrients and high weediness of sown areas

Complicated compost is used for recultivation of soils and represents a new direction in practical husbandry and ecology defining the artificial creation of complex mixtures of different wastes of industrial and agricul-tural production, as well as household residues and natural materials for the enrichment of organic and mineral dispersed and colloidal systems with purpose to improving their physical, chemical, biological and ecological functions