In the general complex of mechanized works when
growing potatoes, potato harvesting is one of the main
operations. The efficiency of potatoes growing at the
farm largely depends on harvest quality and crop
retrieval. When harvesting potatoes with potato
harvesters their productivity largely depends on the
state of potato haulm. In a case of evolved and laid
haulm the harvesting machines productivity falls
sharply due to working organs clogging and in some
cases their work is not possible at all. Therefore, to
facilitate the work of potato harvesters it is necessary
to remove potato haulm before harvesting. But the
process of haulm removing is very laborious, including
several operations, such as mowing, raking and
transportation, each of which is performed by a
separate machine. The appearance of domestically
made rotary-type machines like KIR-1.5, UBD-3 and
BD-4 at the end of 1950-1960 made it possible to
mechanize the harvesting process of potato haulm. But
it was noticed in the operation that rotor machines
have a number of drawbacks caused by imperfections
in the rotor design, its kinematic regimes, lack of
balance and some others. Therefore, studies aimed at
improving the design of rotary-type machines seem to
be very important. To achieve this goal some
theoretical and experimental studies and lab and field
tests of the modernized four-row shredder have been
carried out. When studying methods of mathematical
analysis and elements of classical mechanics were
used. Some modern methods were applied in the lab
and field tests. The modernized haulm shredder BD-4
was tested at JSC “Avangard” in Ryazan district
In various branches of the metalworking industry, the automation of technological processes is based on the use of inertial convertor-equipped positional electrical drives. The author has analyzed an optimum performance diagram for medium movement of executive unit of the inertial convertor-equipped electrical drive with ideal shafting that had been developed before, and has developed an optimum performance diagram for medium movement of executive unit of the inertial convertor-equipped electrical drive with elastic shafting
In the article, we perform an analysis of the means of
shaping and formserialize in fur clothes taken in the
production of domestic and foreign fur companies. The
spatial form of fur garments is solved, in the main,
constructive. The type, direction and amount of
articulation were determined by the design of the
product and the properties of the fur: the height of the
hairline, the size of fur semi-finished product. The
proposed positioning of the shaping of articulation in
fur clothes has to be performed in the environment of
3D CAD. It is established that in modern models of the
silhouette of a fur product may be formed not only by
design divisions but also by a combination of the
product of different types of fur. We have performed
studies on the use of funds of formation in models of
industrial collections fur coat 2015-16 presented on the
trading spots of Moscow. We have conducted a
monitoring of consumer preferences on the types of fur
among women and determined the causes of loss of
fur, clothing of spatial forms under adverse conditions
of wearing. We have also proposed innovative means
of formserialize in a fur garment of solid and
perforated fur
The main direction of reducing the cost of soil
treatment based on resource-saving technologies is
the transition to surface treatment of soil with disk
tools. Double-row and four-row disc tools are manufactured.
Four-row tools significantly increase
tillage intensity. In the disk tools, the spherical disc
is fixed on the individual pole. Disc headers are
equipped with a rigid adjustment fixing the
standalone pole to the frame. Recommended operating
speed is up to 12 km/h. The advantage of a disc
header over the disc harrow is as follows: winding
plant residues on the axis are excluded. Disc
mulchers are equipped with a spiral bar on which a
spherical disk is mounted. The presence of the elastic
element allows the working unit to do lowfrequency
oscillations during movement. The result
of processing is the formation of mulch in the layer
of soil, which is a mixture of plant residues and soil
particles with a diameter of up to 25 mm. To assess
the effectiveness of the disc mulcher and the disc
header a unit is composed. The initial data for calculation
are as follows: tractor HTZ-150K, the resistivity
of the soil is 6 kN/m, disk tool working
width is 4 m, operating speed of the disc header is
12 km/h, operating speed of the disc mulcher is 15
km/h. Technical and economic performance of these
units is defined during disking the soil. The
choice of energy-saving operating regime was made
in a well-known manner. Theoretical value of slippage
of the leading tractor with disk mulcher was
6%, against 9% with the disc header. Working
speed of the mulcher made up 14.07 km/h against
10,89 of the disc header. The performance of the
unit with the mulcher made up 16.21 hectares, disc
harrow performance is 12,54 ha. Fuel mass flow of
mulcher decreased by 29% and made 9.68 kg/ha.
Using mulcher for surface treatment of the soil allows
to reduce the tillage energy costs thanks to
resource-conserving technologies
Currently, there is increasingly reduced number of the sites convenient for construction. In this regard
there is a question of development of new
territories, for various reasons which were earlier
considered economically unprofitable or unsuitable
for construction. Often, for construction in the
mountain area it is necessary to carry out
construction of objects in landslide territories.
However, landslide processes constitute big health
hazard and lives of people and also safety of
buildings and constructions. The main objective of
engineers when performing design and exploration
work on landslide territories is the determination of
stability of slopes and size of landslide pressure
from soil and also identification of the most
dangerous combination of loadings which can
demand design and construction of a construction
against landslide of landslide protection structures
with significant load-bearing capacity. The research
presented in article allows to define the most
dangerous loads affecting the stability of the slope
and also of the selection of a protective construction
(against landslide). Dependences of change of
landslide pressure and coefficient of stability of a
slope are received from action of various loadings
(both static, and dynamic)
Long-term storage of fruits can be achieved by means
of their special preparation by pre-treatment before
storage by electromagnetic fields of extremely low
frequency (ELF EMF). In the current study patterns of
influence of ELF EMF pre-treatment of fruits on the
effectiveness of reducing microbial contamination
during storage for the development of effective
technological modes of preparation of fruits before
storage are revealed. Qualitative and quantitative
characteristics of microbial contamination of the fruits’
surface were studied. Effective modes of fruits (apples
and pears) treatment by ELF EMF were established -
for apples: frequency - 22 Hz, current - 10 A for 40
minutes, and for pears: frequency - 26 Hz, current - 5 A
for 50 minutes, allowing to reduce to the maximum
extent the microbial contamination of their surface, and
also to reduce the loss of their weight from microbial
spoilage during storage. The terms of storage of
processed by ELF EMF fruits under refrigeration were
established - for apple varieties Idared and Golden
Delicious - within 8 months, for pear variety
Conference - for 7 months
There have been suggested the courses of the machine
technologies refinement in the process of spiked
cereals production. The course of their technical
update was studied in our previous article. There were
analyzed the drawbacks of the modern machine
production of crops and we presented the course of
their elimination due to the technology optimization,
resource and energy preservation, machine
technologies of soil improvement and new innovative
technological solutions. The suggested technology
optimization was designed taking into account
rigorous alternation of crops in the rotation,
optimizing of breeds and crossbreeds, application of
intermediate crops simultaneously with harvesting the
previous crop, introducing progressive methods of
chemical treatment and synchronous tillage. The
resource and energy preservation is based on the
combination of technological operations coinciding
with the tasks in agricultural terms during a single
machinery pass across the field, application of the
mobile power unit (UPU-450), low- and ultralow
capacity spraying, optimization of choice of certain
agrimethods in the process of crop production and the
resource calculation of estimated crop yield. In the set
of soil improvement courses we have studied the
mechanization of the restoration processes of natural
soil formation, defecate introduction, the use of
stubbly remains, compulsory presence of permanent
grasses in crop rotation. New innovative solutions in
the crop production technologies include the
refinement of the mechanization facilities in tillage,
spraying, new methods of crop harvesting
(unwinnowed bread, root tow, cleaning of thrashed
heap after the harvesting, etc). We have analyzed the
ways of mechanization of “organic farming” and seed
treatment with biologic mixtures
In recent decades, Russia has increased the demand for
high oleic sunflower oil and, consequently, for the raw
material from which it is derived – high oleic sunflower
seeds. Currently existing methods of control of mass
fraction of oleic acid in the seed oil of sunflower, have
significant drawbacks, due to which sharply raises the
question of the development of the Express methods of
control of mass fraction of oleic acid. The study presents
the results of determining the mass fraction of oleic acid
in the oil of sunflower seeds, obtained by known
methods (GC and ri), and developed a method based on
NMR. The developed method of determining the mass
fraction of oleic acid in sunflower seed oil has a number
of advantages compared with the known: is not
destructive (does not require the extraction of oil from
seeds), does not require special sample preparation
excludes the use of toxic chemicals, the analysis duration is 5 minutes, ensuring high representativeness of the
sample, and the simplicity and automation of the analysis
process reduces the requirements for qualifications of
laboratory personnel. The developed method of
determining the mass fraction of oleic acid in the oil of
sunflower seeds can be carried out simultaneously with
the determination of oil and moisture content of seeds on
commercially available analyzers, but I hope it 1006М,
which is currently applied at more than 250 companies of
oil and fat industry
We have revealed the main reasons for interruptions
in power supply to consumers of electricity. To improve
the reliability and the efficiency of power supply
for responsible consumers, we have proposed to
develop energy efficient combined energy-saving
systems for uninterrupted power supply with use of
renewable energy sources. The article lists major
principles of the development of such systems; it
shows the necessity of constructing a generalized
schema that contains the possible types and the
sources of electric power converters. It also reveals
the modern requirements to systems of uninterrupted
energy supply. To improve the operational and technical
characteristics of the uninterruptible power supply,
it has been proposed to use a new circuitry that
includes a contactless power generators, the direct
frequency converters used to stabilize the voltage and
frequency of the current generators of wind turbines,
static converters made with the use of single-phase
transformers with rotating magnetic field, universal
static converters that can operate in the regimes of
known types of converters. The article presents features
of the modular construction of systems of uninterrupted
energy supply and optimization of their
structural decisions on key performance criteria. It
shows the algorithm of synthesis of structural designs
of combined systems of uninterrupted power supply.
An important step for further research with the aim of
improving operational and technical characteristics of
the combination of uninterrupted power supply systems
is the mathematical modeling of physical processes
in power circuits of the system in both normal
and emergency modes of operation
At the present time there is a problem in storage
of agriculture machine-tractor park, because when
operating of agricultural machinery parts thereof
are covered by contamination. The most heavily
becomes dirty machinery working in the toughest
conditions. Pollution promotes decrease the
operational reliability, accelerating of corrosion
and aging, reduce the quality of maintenance
service and performance technique. One of the
number of important factors when setting
technique for storage is the clearing of by of
various types pollution, because the during
storage of cleaned surfaces, components and parts
are subjected still greater destruction and
corrosion. Removal of various kinds of pollution
is an important technological process which has a
significant impact on the preservation of
appliances, performance of work, the quality of
the repair and maintenance of cars, culture,
production and human health. The article contains
a classification of contamination depending on the
difficulty of their removal and density, basic
information on techniques and devices for
purification of units and parts of agricultural
machines, as well as on substances used for this.
We have reviewed bombardment of surfaces with
contaminated carbon dioxide ice particles that
leads to its full destruction. We have improved technology and created a universal device and the
experimental plant for cleaning parts and
assemblies prior to storage, which are not only
inferior, but also in the majority superior to
technical and economic performance of existing
analogues