Name
Kokorev Gennady Dmitrievich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
associated professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev
Web site url
—
Articles count: 28
The article presents an analysis of the existing approach
to automobiles technical maintenance in
agriculture. We have pointed out that in modern
conditions it is impossible to forecast the automobiles
maintenance operation frequency and as a
result its improvement as well. It is obvious that
one cannot achieve the considerable increase of
maintenance operation efficiency by separate means
and there exist the necessity to treat it as a system
and use the up-to-date methods to investigate and
improve complicated systems. We have made a
conclusion that the increase of maintenance operation
efficiency is not possible without some rational
strategy of maintenance operation and repair. We
have shown that the program of maintenance operation
and repair being an integral part of automobiles
technical maintenance has considerable effect on
maintenance and repair quality. As a result, there
is some necessity of the developed system of
parameters diagnosing and control in technical
maintenance and repair. We have shown that to
get sufficient diagnose information one needs
selection of the controlled parameters which
give maximum information about the object
technical status taking into account possible characteristics
of its operational faults. We have discovered
that in order to solve the task it is necessary to
have the object’s information pattern, calculation of
possible characteristics of the controlled object being
in good or bad order due to some parts fault,
evaluation of information brought by every parameter
and determining parameters to be diagnosed. We
have proposed to evaluate the parameters’ information
value with the help of information entropy as
uncertainty measure that is one of the main concepts
of the information theory. Because of solving
the task, we have got the aggregate of the controlled
automobile parameters orderable according to the
amount of information
The article examines the issues of increasing the efficiency of the system of technical operation of mobile agricultural machinery by means of monitoring the state of units and aggregates of the latter through diagnostics. The problems of complex diagnostics of diesel fuel equipment are investigated. The urgency of diagnosing a fuel injection pump without dismantling from the engine is shown from technical, economic and environmental points of view. The effect of operational malfunctions of some devices of fuel equipment on parameters of its operation as a whole is analyzed. On the basis of the analysis of diagnostic devices application, their grouping is suggested. The parameters to be studied in connection with peculiarities to decide whether it is possible to estimate the technical state of the fuel injection pump without dismantling from the internal combustion engine are indicated. Based on peculiarities of the fuel injection pump technical state estimation, a research program is developed and the results of the research are presented. Specific features of testing the fuel injection pump are indicated. Analysis of the results of the research shows that a smaller error in the change of the cyclic fuel feed rates supplied by the fuel injection sections takes place at the engine speed corresponding to the indicated power. The conclusion is made that the presented research results can be used as a basis for developing a technique (technology) for diagnosing the fuel injection pump without dismantling from the internal combustion engine
Gardening is one of the high-value and highly profitable
branches of agriculture. However, the level of fruit
production in Russia still lags far behind the needs of
the population: 20-25 kg of fruits and berries per year
are grown per capita, which is a quarter of the minimum
consumption rate. Currently, domestic gardening has a
low efficiency due to non-compliance with the criteria
of world production of fruits. The production of gardens
is not competitive enough and does not meet the
requirements of the highest quality categories of
domestic standards. To increase fruit production, it is
necessary to increase the level of intensification of fruit
growing using the most valuable varieties and
progressive technologies of cultivation. In this article,
we consider devices for soil content in orchards, as well
as for pruning trees - the main agrotechnical techniques
in the technology of growing pomegranate crops that
promote the production of stable, optimal harvests of
fruit crops. The universal device of fruits is also covered, which makes it possible to reduce labor costs
during the laying, care and harvesting of the fruit
garden. The wide development of intensive
technologies for growing fruits adapted to specific
climatic conditions and ensuring a high level of
competitiveness and profitability of production is one of
the necessary conditions for the further development of
gardening in Russia
The transportation process plays an important role in the
delivery of agricultural products to the consumer. On
how well the fruits are preserved, their grade will
depend, and, consequently, the price of them. It is
known, that the annual damage from losses of
agricultural products in the agro-industrial complex
amounts to 8 billion rubles, according to various
estimates. A large number of different factors affect the
safety of fruits during transportation: temperature,
humidity, smoothness of the vehicle, type of container,
etc. The more factors will have a negative impact on
fruit and vegetable products, the more losses will
ultimately be. The appearance of dents and abrasions on
the fruits gives rise to the formation of foci of rot,
leading to damage to the transported products, and, as a
consequence, reducing the grade. In order to reduce the
losses of fruit and vegetable products in the process of
transportation, the USSR and the Russian Federation
have been and are working on the creation of containers
and ways of transporting pomegranates. All of them, according to the authors, are able to reduce the dynamic
loads that arise during the transportation process and
have a negative impact on the transported products.
However, due to various circumstances in commercial
gardening all these developments have not been
extended
The article contains analysis of consumption of
the main natural resources and their use in the
automotive industry. It is noted that during the
manufacture of the car pollution is obtained in 2
times more than in exploitation. It defines the
essence of recycling process (autorecycling) and
its ecological components. Activity on autorecycling
was expressed through the index of recycling
efficiency. We have analyzed the global car
fleet and average annual amount of automotive
waste, million tons per year. We point out that
one of the economic components of recycling is
the use of parts and mechanisms of machines
ready for further use, by qualitative technical diagnostics
with use of diagnostics devices. The
problem of utilization technological effectiveness
of cars as set of the properties characterizing fitness
of a design to utilization at the minimum
costs of time, work, means, providing the minimum
negative impact on environment and the
maximum involvement of components of the
written-off equipment in processing or a reuse is
considered. The main definitions and factors defining
utilization technological effectiveness and
its main indicators are given. The main ways of
increasing of utilization technological effectiveness
of cars are offered and the conclusion is
drawn that simplifying dismantling of the car on
automobile components, reducing dismantle time,
time of draining of everything, the liquids and oils
applied at operation, applying environmentally
friendly materials, etc., the designer can increase
technological effectiveness of the car at utilization.
As a result of the solved task we have got
ecological and economic effect of vehicle recycling
The article shows the importance of math description
and grounding the function taking into account the
process of changing the parameter when developing
the methodology of automobile diagnosing. It is
pointed out that after all the prediction error and effort
depend on the choice of approximating function.
The wrong choice of the function can bring to naught
all the efforts to manage safety margin and other parameters
of cars elements. One can find the requirements
to math description and grounding the function
of the parameter change. Based on the analysis of
factors influencing the process of parameters change
and requirements to math description of this process
we have noticed that it is necessary to approximate
the change (increase) of the state variable by the
chance ordered function with increasing realizations.
One can consider the parameter change realization
both strictly and not as a monotone function ranging
from zero to the limit change of the parameter. We
have mentioned that the fore-quoted reasoning with
the account of two groups of factors make possible to
investigate the parameter change at this or that moment
of work as a sum of two random values. We
have made a conclusion that they usually express the
link between the change rate (for instance, detail
wear rate) and the readings of the material properties
and functioning conditions (metal skin hardness, unit
loading on the detail surface, its relative rate of
movement) by the functional determined dependence
got as a result of lab tests or theoretical study. In the
conclusion, one can see that the analysis of the results
of math description of the process of the parameter
change is sufficient enough
The article shows the necessity to consider the inter-control result to forecast the automobile state and present it as a random value. It is pointed out, that the character of the automobile element parameter change is determined by the determined function and the criteria of this or that function choice. It is stated, that the variation coefficient serves as a criteria of approximation. Besides, the element resource variation coefficient is obviously more informative as it results calculations at the whole range of parameter change with consideration of this change character when the coefficient of the parameter change variation can reflect the approximation degree only on one or several sections. It is underlined that in a case of the parameter change functions approximation it is necessary to consider the automobile details break-in when one can see the short and sharp increase of the parameter change. Moreover, we have made a conclusion that the forecast error and intensity depend finally on the choice of the approximating function. The wrong choice of the function can bring to naught all the efforts to direct the safety margin and other parameters of the automobile elements. We have found out that the power function of thee parameter change is quite unique. This function coefficients having distinct physical sense are few. This shows the convenience of the wide use of the degree function for practical forecast. The approximation error of parameter change might be influenced (along with a selection of the function) by the accuracy of determining its coefficients. Finally, we have made a conclusion that it is very desirable after choosing and finding the coefficients of any approximating equation to convert it into one definite function and develop the forecast apparatus, tables, nomograms and so on for it. This is the only way of using the wide class of approximating equations when having relatively small math and other provision of the forecast
Due to the deterioration of the ecological situation
in the world, population tends to eat organically
grown foods that are grown either without or with
minimal use of chemicals. The development of
agriculture in this direction leads ultimately to
organic agriculture. To improve the competitiveness of this direction, we need more
effective agricultural machines, especially in the
last phase of cultivation, namely at the stage of
harvesting. One of the most difficult scientific and
technical problems with the mechanical harvesting
of potatoes is not letting vegetable impurities and
tops to fall down in the hopper with the potato
tubers, which among other things will improve
operational efficiency technology. The article
reviewed the various methods for removing the
tops, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.
The article makes a conclusion about the need for
potato top separators in harvesting machines. We
have also considered a promising device for
removing haulm, a conveyor with flexible fingers
on the bars and the clamping beater. Тhe most
short-lived structural element of the device for
removing haulm, reducing reliability of the device,
is flexible fingers mounted on rods. We have
proposed to use polyurethane as a material for
manufacturing flexible fingers
The role of transport in agricultural production
is significant. It is the connecting link in the
technological chain of the agro-industrial
complex (of the APC). On-farm transport in the
APC together with cars and tractor transport are
widely used. The rationality of the use of
wheeled tractors for farm transport substantiates
the possibility of their movement on asphalt and
on dirt roads. The specific gravity of the tractor
transport in the domestic agriculture is 22-27%
of the total volume of transport and 50-60% of
the volume of farm traffic. A high level of use of tractor transport has been observed in the
countries of Western Europe and the USA. In
the farms of leading countries of Western
Europe (Germany, Italy, France, etc.) about 70-
90% on-farm transport of agricultural goods is
done by tractor transport. Tractor transport in a
live environment is running on roads with
varying terrain, a wavy profile cover, on soils
with different hardness and humidity. When
driving vehicles at high speeds, the trailer is
wobbling from side to side, constantly
accompanying tractor transport during its
operation. As a result, it is bad for propulsion,
transmission, and it deteriorates the dynamic
performance properties of equipment, working
conditions of the operator. To reduce the
amplitude of oscillations of the trailer, the
operator is forced to work strenuously with the
steering wheel or to slow down the speed,
which in turn affects operator fatigue, as well as
the performance and maneuverability of the
vehicle. Thus, advanced technologies in
electronics, sensor technology and software will
determine the nature of agro-technical
innovations and will lead to increased
automation of business processes in crop
production with the aim to organize the work
more effectively, efficiently, accurately,
environmentally friendly and economically
feasible. When working with intelligent
technologies, understanding the development of
high-tech, precision engineering requires a
revision to the personnel policy and education
in agriculture, which should be based on the
relevant organization of farms and their proper
new type engineering solutions
In recent years, in many countries around the
world, much attention is paid to the issues of
ensuring of rational use of energy resources,
due to a number of objective factors, chief
among which are: the lack of own energy
resources to meet domestic energy needs; the
sharp increase in the cost of production and the
production of energy resources; further growth
in energy needs; the presence of large potential
opportunities to reduce unproductive losses of
fuel and energy. In the world, the challenge
now is to ensure a gradual but steady transfer of
the economy on energy saving way of
development. To achieve the goal of reducing
energy costs we might use two ways: firstly, the
widespread introduction of energy saving
technologies, and secondly, the reduction of
material production, improving its quality and
service. In agriculture, the improvement of the
technological process can be carried out using
new tillage methods, improving the
organization of production and tools. Further
development of mechanization in agriculture
will contribute to further growth of
electrification in the agricultural sector, which
will significantly reduce the use of the most
expensive and limited energy resources. The
article offers a technique of the estimation of
the efficiency of consumption of energy in
agricultural production. In order to compare the
efficiency of machines in the cultivation and
harvesting of potatoes, there was conducted an
energy assessment of the operations of modern
technology. As variables, there were
investigated different operation modes of the
machine: working speed and working width,
depth of stroke of the working bodies. In the
process of evaluating energy operations,
modern technology to prepare the soil for
planting potatoes was determined humidity,
mechanical composition and soil type. As a
main factor in the analysis of technological
methods, we have taken the overall specific
energy consumption and specific energy
consumption for the digging below tuber
formation. Analysis of theoretical researches of
agricultural machinery has led to the conclusion
that the energy cost of implementing the
technological process in the machines of
different designs varies