Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The results of theoretical studies presented in this article is intended to familiarize with perspective direction of improving quality of work potato harvesters by improving the working bodies of separation

In the article we have analyzed the results of measurements of pressure of gases in the combustion chamber and the fuel pressure at the inlet injector diesel D-243 at a processing frequency (acoustic and electromagnetic) fuel 17 kHz

In this article we present a study of current problems connected with the formation of a park of automobiles, tractors and aggregates for transportation of agricultural products and ways of their solution

The article analyzes the results of the evaluation of the filter element of the filter of thin clearing of fuel on the basis of the change in pressure in the common rail fuel supply system depending on mileage

Potatoes in our country are one of the most cultivated cultures in agriculture. The most time-consuming process in the production of potatoes is harvesting. Currently for potato harvesting potato harvesters or diggers are used. Existing machines are not sufficiently well-behaved in adverse operating conditions such as the high and low humidity. Quality of work of the units and devices of potato harvesters depends on the digging working parts. In the process of potato harvesting up to 1000 tons of heaps from 1 hectare go through the units of the machine, which includes plant residues and dense soil out of row spacing. To eliminate or reduce the impact of this lack, on either side of the coulter we set cutting discs which prevent ingress of heaps out of row spacing. However, due to the imperfections of the design they are slipping during operation what causes accumulation and enhancing traction resistance. Based on these facts, the work on improving the digging working parts in the actual and future challenges for the country's agriculture

Modern condition agricultural transport (a significant part of it about 70%) is characterized by a strong deterioration of the rolling stock, the unsatisfactory state of the production base. More than 30% of vehicles operated outside the normative service life, the rest approaching to that state. In general, the provision of agrarian and industrial complex with agricultural vehicles is way below agrotechnical requirements. In the long term, farm machine engineering should focus on indicators of the technical level achieved by best samples of foreign agricultural machinery. Priority development is likely to receive the development of innovative technologies that provide a significant increase in productivity, efficiency and resource conservation in agriculture. To address the shortcomings of transport services agrarian and industrial complex we should improve transport technology with the use of transport logistics, expand and update the existing vehicle fleet, but due to the low solvency of agricultural companies and high prices for of automotive engineering, the problem of providing agricultural vehicles becomes most acute. Thus, the creation of new science-based solutions in technology and engineering for transportation farm produce in terms of Russia's AIC is the actual scientific and technical task that contributes significantly to the development of the country, as well as enhances the enjoyment of breakeven, competitive manufacturing

An integral part of technological process for the cultivation of agricultural crop is the transportation issues. For their execution, we require significant energy and labor costs. The statistics show that the proportion of expenses for transportation of goods in agriculture reaches 25-40% of the total costs for ready-to-sale production, when the proportion of farm tractor transportations reaches 60% of the total. Thus, there are considerable losses of production, reaching in separate cases up to 50%. They are especially great in the harvesting and post-harvest cycles of crop production which is connected with crop damage during transportation. Large losses of fruit and vegetable products when transporting might be connected with their mechanical damage level during loading, unloading and transportation. This causes the urgency of the problem of preservation when transporting fruit and vegetables. One of the prior national issues is "... the development of directions to improve road transport maintenance with the aim of improving the quality of the transport process, which includes increasing commercial speed of freight flows by 2-3 times, increase productivity and profitability of road transport systems by 2-3 times, reducing the environmental load on nature by 20% ... " and others mentioned in the "Transport Strategy of Russia until 2020"

Based on the previous investigations we have underlined the need to increase fruit and vegetables preservation quality while transporting them from the producer to the consumer at the expense of improving the road transport operation for its intended purpose. We have made a conclusion about the need to develop strategies for maintenance and repair as for the actual technical state at the expense of developing the diagnosis system based on the development of a math model of changing the technical state of the diagnosis object, developing a method of rational set of objects to be diagnosed and determining the technical state optimal control frequency. We have confirmed that the above mentioned is possible when considering the system of technical operation of road transport as an organization-production system and applying the engineering-cybernetic approach to improve this system. We have considered the basic requirements for the efficiency indexes when investigating and improving the operation system that will allow achieving the aim we have had and can be described mathematically. We have made a conclusion about the urgency of the issue we studied and the possibility to develop the efficient operation system of road transport based on the provided criteria

An integral part of technological process for the cultivation of agricultural crop is the transportation. It requires significant energy and labor costs. The statistics show that the proportion of expenses for transportation of goods in agriculture reaches 25-40% of the total costs for the production made, when the proportion of farm tractor transportations reaches 60% of the total. Thus there are considerable losses of production, reaching in separate cases up to 50%. They are especially high in the harvesting and post-harvest cycles of crop production which is connected with crop damage during transportation. The quality of fruits and vegetables during the harvest depends on the technology of its collection and transportation. Due to the rapid deterioration of most agricultural products, agricultural producers have the task in careful transportation of the fruit. A huge role in the preservation of the product is its harvesting and packing into containers. In Russia we use wooden boxes, and foreign farmers use containers, whereby they have higher productivity and preservation of fruits. The type of vehicle, the time of a day and the air temperature also have a large impact on crop damage. In Soviet times, various technologies have been developed for harvesting and transportation of the harvest to consumers using various types of forklifts, harvesters and vehicles. In our time, it requires the development of new technologies for harvesting and transportation of agricultural products to achieve a higher level of automation and high profitability of agricultural production

The development of agricultural production inevitably entails an increasing volume of traffic and a turnover of goods. Therefore, the issues of increasing transport efficiency, reducing the price of transportations and improving productivity acquire great importance. In most cases, supersize dump trucks used for the transport of agricultural production have much more than 6 tons axle load. Thus, these cars need to have roads with improved surface to each field, which undoubtedly is a significant drawback. Because of the extra movements of harvester dump trucks on the turning strip at the end of the field, it increases expenses of damage and loss of crops and the arrival of heavy machinery in the field leading to soil compaction, that in the end affects the future crop. Transportation of agricultural commodities is most effective when the car arrives directly to the harvester machinery. Such vehicles must have sufficient abilities and capacity of the body comparable with the volume of a combine hopper and has no significant impact on soil sealing. With this method, harvesters do not make extra movements and are not idle. Basic requirements for vehicles used in the harvesting potatoes, are in a more productive use due to increasing the capacity and reducing downtime when loading or unloading and minimizing the level of damage to other tubers. For the transportation of agricultural products there is a different transport technology, which either do not fully meets the requirements of transportation of highly fragile product, or has a significant cost. Therefore, we require a specially equipped vehicle bodies, with a competitive ability in the range acceptable to the Russian Federation. As one of the innovative developments, this article proposes a tipper body of the vehicle for transportation of highly fragile agricultural products. The proposed design solution for the tipper ensures a uniform unloading of transported products from the vehicle body and prevents arching issues