Name
Yukhin Ivan Aleksandrovich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
—
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev
Web site url
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Articles count: 38
Material and technical resources form a large part of the
costs in agricultural production and determine the level
of intensity of agriculture, productivity and
competitiveness of the industry. The most important
role in agricultural production is played by transport
operation, from productivity and quality of which
directly depends the volume and the grade of final
products. More preferable is tractor transport,
particularly for on-farm transport, taking into account
the impact of navigation systems on the ground.
Continuous growth in the saturation of tractors carried
out around the world, improves the performance of
tractor transport aggregate by increasing their capacity and speed, either on the road or in the field. However, if
you increase the saturation of tractors, it encounters
problems related to the deterioration of the
controllability of the tractor and transport unit. The
reduced controllability leads to an increase of damage to
transported agricultural products owing to increased
oscillatory processes in the system of "road – trailer –
tractor – operator" when driving on-farm trails,
deteriorating the smoothness and braking properties.
Especially sharp these questions relate to transportation
of easy-to-damage agricultural products at farm
transportation. The feature of data traffic lies in the
sharp drop in grade products (products receive
numerous mechanical damages, deteriorating its quality,
and lose marketability and accordingly reduced its cost).
Influence on fruit and vegetable products of unfavorable
factors can lead not only to a dramatic loss of quality at
the time of transportation, but also reduce the resistance
during further storage. To solve the problems emerging
when increasing the saturation of tractors, we have
proposed devices, allowing reducing negative impact on
the production of elevated oscillatory processes, to
increase the permeability and straightness of movement
of tractor-transport unit
The article presents native and foreign bench-top
and board methods to test the automobile break
systems. One can find information about some
native trailer-break stands. We have analyzed their
advantages and drawbacks such as low information
capacity, high diagnostics processing time, low
quality of regulation and maintenance operations
due to big influence of the operator’s experience,
his knowledge and individual characteristics, and
great instability of manual test modes on the results
of the investigations. To remove these shortcomings
they have had some experiments at MADI in order
to develop the module to the brake qualities stand.
When using it one can have automatic diagnoses
and flow chart is presented in the article. Due to the
existing vehicles’ state inspection mode and
diagnostic means in our country there appeared new
stands for brakes control. One can attribute to these
devices a range of brake qualities stands developed
and produced at Novgorod plant GARO. These are
STS-3, STS-10 and STO series stands for cars,
trucks, buses and micro-buses. The article also
presents some foreign stands used in Russia such as
universal brake stands STM by META firm, the
break stand IW7 Eurosystem by MAHARUSSIA
firm. We have presented in the article the results of
the analysis of simple and complicated board means
of diagnosis as “Eftor-2”, “Effect”
The article presents a technical diagnostics of a car as a complex of goals and tasks connected with
trouble-shooting of mechanisms and systems in
order to eliminate them. We have considered the
stages of computer diagnostics of different
automobile systems such as diagnosing the engine,
the brake system, steering and suspension. We have
analyzed their components, the ways of troubleshooting
and elimination recommendations. The
article presents the main troubles transferred from
the electronic control unit. The article also presents
the stages of diagnosing the engine including
external examination, listening to abnormal noises,
checking the operating fluids and the engine
management system, diagnosing the basic engine
systems and checking the cylinders being filled.
The article contains the list of main troubles and
their reasons. One can also see diagnosing the brake
system, its defects and remedies. The article
presents diagnostics and repair of the suspender and
graphics describing the check of the dismantled
shock strut at the stand and tests of the shock strut
without being dismantled. We have analyzed
computer diagnostics and the problems it solves
In recent years, in many countries around the
world, much attention is paid to the issues of
ensuring of rational use of energy resources,
due to a number of objective factors, chief
among which are: the lack of own energy
resources to meet domestic energy needs; the
sharp increase in the cost of production and the
production of energy resources; further growth
in energy needs; the presence of large potential
opportunities to reduce unproductive losses of
fuel and energy. In the world, the challenge
now is to ensure a gradual but steady transfer of
the economy on energy saving way of
development. To achieve the goal of reducing
energy costs we might use two ways: firstly, the
widespread introduction of energy saving
technologies, and secondly, the reduction of
material production, improving its quality and
service. In agriculture, the improvement of the
technological process can be carried out using
new tillage methods, improving the
organization of production and tools. Further
development of mechanization in agriculture
will contribute to further growth of
electrification in the agricultural sector, which
will significantly reduce the use of the most
expensive and limited energy resources. The
article offers a technique of the estimation of
the efficiency of consumption of energy in
agricultural production. In order to compare the
efficiency of machines in the cultivation and
harvesting of potatoes, there was conducted an
energy assessment of the operations of modern
technology. As variables, there were
investigated different operation modes of the
machine: working speed and working width,
depth of stroke of the working bodies. In the
process of evaluating energy operations,
modern technology to prepare the soil for
planting potatoes was determined humidity,
mechanical composition and soil type. As a
main factor in the analysis of technological
methods, we have taken the overall specific
energy consumption and specific energy
consumption for the digging below tuber
formation. Analysis of theoretical researches of
agricultural machinery has led to the conclusion
that the energy cost of implementing the
technological process in the machines of
different designs varies
While mechanical harvesting of potatoes, about
20-40% of the tubers get damages. Dynamic
loads, injuries of the tubers, causing internal
damage – which is browning of the flesh of the tuber, which occurs in the process of its storage.
At the same time, ways to express control of
damage to potato tubers will allow both
reducing damage during harvest, and promptly
sending damaged potatoes for recycling before
the results of mechanical stress for the tubers
during harvesting. The definition of internal
damage to the potatoes is possible because of
the analysis of the different elasticity of the
tissues of damaged and undamaged tubers. The
value of overpressure of the device is chosen
such way that during deformation of tubers
there mainly has been compression of the
damaged tissues of the tuber, with the least
turgor. The degree of damage of samples of
tubers is determined by the ratio of the volume
of damaged tissues of tubers to the total volume
of the sample. We have given the mechanical
properties of tissues of tubers, fruits and root
vegetables, their structure, dimensional
characteristics, it can be assumed that the use of
this method of determining internal damage
possible for apples, carrots, beets and harvest of
other crops. Use of damage control will enable
timely identification of hidden damage and
make it possible to eliminate their causes,
which lead to increase loss products
Fruit harvesting is the final and decisive
operation in the general work plan for growing
fruit, which largely determines the qualitative
and quantitative indicators of production and
economy of industry in general. Increasing
productivity by improving the safety of fruits
and vegetables is a priority and not an easy task.
For example, the use of cleaning technologies
with the use of machinery for harvesting of
apples by shaking can significantly reduce the
time of gathering fruit compared to hand
harvesting. This technology may be applicable,
if the fruit is grown for the manufacture of
juices, jams, etc. Currently, in several European
countries and in the USA, they widely use fruit
harvesting platforms and machines. The leader
in the production of fruit harvesting platforms is
Italy. To reduce the damage to fruit in
agriculture, the analysis of the traumatic factors
is of great importance, with the analysis of
available machines and their subsequent
modernization with the aim of improving the
reliability and quality of harvesting and
transport process, taking into account of the
algorithm for solving these problems, the
creation of new varieties of fruits and
vegetables suitable for machine processing,
strict compliance with deadlines and agronomic
requirements for the performed technological
operations, taking into account the savings of
energy and resources when using mobile
technology. In addition to the modernization of
the machines for efficient operation, it is
necessary to improve also the scheme of
planting of gardens and methods of cultivation,
transfer horticulture to intensive way of
development
The role of transport in agricultural production
is considerable. It is a connecting link in a
single technological chain of the agroindustrial
complex of the country (RF AIC). In
intraeconomic transportation in the RF AIC,
along with cars, we widely use tractors.
Rational application of wheeled tractors in
intraeconomic carriage substantiates the
possibility of their movements both on
asphalted and dirt roads. A specific share of
tractor transport in domestic agriculture
amounts 22-27% of the total transport
transportations and 50-60% of intraeconomic
carriage. There is a high level of the usage of
tractor transport in Western European countries
and in the United States. In farms of leading
Western European countries (Germany, Italy,
France and others.) there is about 70-90% of
intraeconomic carriage performed by tractor
transport. One of the most substantial and
difficult tasks is to fight with damage and losses
of agricultural production, in which a very
responsible role has been assigned to
automobile and tractor transport as an important
link in the AIC. According to the analysis of
materials for the preparation and use of potatoes and apples, more than 15-20% of the products
do not reach the consumer. Low quality of the
use of vehicles during transportation is a
problem. Transport costs in the prime cost of
produced products in rural areas reach 30-40%
or more. Lowering them will further influence
the development of the agroindustrial complex.
Thus, the creation of new of scientifically
grounded decisions in designs of vehicles for
intraeconomic carriage that enhance
preservation and performance of potato
harvesting and apples in the conditions of
Russia's AIC is the actual scientific and
technical task. Its solution makes a significant
contribution to the development of the country,
as well as it contributes to the implementation
of breakeven, competitive manufacture
In agriculture the issue of enhancing the
efficiency of operation of internal combustion
engines (ICE), reducing the costs of
maintenance (TO) and repairing (TP) fuel
supply apparatus (TA) using the improvement
of methods and means of diagnosis is a topical
in connection with the aging rolling stock
farming and lack of investment. Analysis of the
known TA diesel engine vehicles systems
showed that the most widespread system is the
divided type with multiplunger high pressure
fuel pump (fuel pump), while the methods of its
diagnosing are laborious, they require partial
disassembly and have insufficient accuracy.
The mathematical models that characterize the
work of a high-pressure fuel pump (fuel pump)
use a large number of parameters that
significantly affect the quality of dynamics of
the change of pressure values of diesel fuel.
However, in the materials of previously
published articles there were no issues
considered assessing the extent of the
quantitative impact, performance and features
change in the sensitivity settings of the
mathematical models on the simulation results,
there are no recommendations on the degree of
sensitivity and importance of each of the
parameters. For a more accurate diagnosis of
the fuel supply apparatus of a diesel engine it is
advisable to use several methods of diagnosing.
The article substantiates development of a
mathematical model of a high-pressure fuel
pump based on the analysis of modern methods
of diagnosing of fuel equipment for autotractor
diesel engines
In the study of the processes of growing, harvesting,
post-harvesting processing and delivery of fruit and vegetables it seems to be rational to have generalized
control of the "product – environment – packaging –
transport - storage" in general, as well as providing
the possibility of creating optimal conditions for fruit
and vegetable products depending on its condition.
The basis of ensuring product integrity at all stages of
production is a system approach with application of
modern information technologies. Optimization of
logistic processes in the agro-industrial complex
(AIC), in addition to cost, market influences many
important indicators of the final product of this
complex: quality, timing and reliability of supply, the
size of the delivered batches, etc. The quality of fruits
and vegetables begins to change dramatically
immediately after harvesting. Being in a stressful and
unfavorable conditions, fruit, vegetables, root crops
intensively lose moisture and consume nutrients,
secrete aromatic substances, carry out the breathing
process. These losses are caused by biological factors
fit fruit and vegetable products to the changed
conditions. Thus, the main indicators of the quality of
products to control rationally in the process of
harvesting and subsequent production phases take
into account the data obtained to optimize process
parameters to reduce losses and damage products.
The article discusses the prospects of applying the
system-information approach to the formation of
quality of fruits and vegetables during transportation
and storage. The proposed embodiment of a
generalized control of the "product – environment –
packaging – transport - storage", aimed at ensuring
the possibility of creating optimal conditions for
easy-to-sell agricultural products (fruits, vegetables,
root crops) depending on its condition. We have
established that rational technology of production and
sales of products must have the ability to control and
operational adjustments depending on the level of
quality input products from the stage of harvest
In the world, recycling processes have recently
become more common in order to save material and
energy resources. Currently, in connection with the
level of motorization, there grew a problem of
recycling waste tires and their elements which is of great importance for many regions of the country.
Decommissioning worn tires is a source of
environmental pollution, bearing the prolonged
character; they are not a subject to biological
destruction and require constant increase of storage
facilities. There is a continuous accumulation of used
tires and we can recycle only about 20% of their
amount. Worn tires represent very large-capacity
products of polymer-containing waste, virtually
resistant to natural degradation. Therefore, the
problem of processing and secondary use, emerged
from the operation of tires is of great economic and
environmental significance. However, the worn tires
are a source of valuable secondary raw materials:
rubber, soot (essentially pure carbon), metal and
synthetic cord. 90% of all waste of rubber are tires
and represent a vast reserve of raw materials. In the
emerging in the industry nonrenew- material
resources the efficient use of secondary raw materials
is of great importance. There are improved
technologies for processing rubber goods, and the
equipment used for it