Nonparametric statistics is one of the five points of growth of applied mathematical statistics. Despite the large number of publications on specific issues of nonparametric statistics, the internal structure of this research direction has remained undeveloped. The purpose of this article is to consider its division into regions based on the existing practice of scientific activity determination of nonparametric statistics and classify investigations on nonparametric statistical methods. Nonparametric statistics allows to make statistical inference, in particular, to estimate the characteristics of the distribution and testing statistical hypotheses without, as a rule, weakly proven assumptions about the distribution function of samples included in a particular parametric family. For example, the widespread belief that the statistical data are often have the normal distribution. Meanwhile, analysis of results of observations, in particular, measurement errors, always leads to the same conclusion - in most cases the actual distribution significantly different from normal. Uncritical use of the hypothesis of normality often leads to significant errors, in areas such as rejection of outlying observation results (emissions), the statistical quality control, and in other cases. Therefore, it is advisable to use nonparametric methods, in which the distribution functions of the results of observations are imposed only weak requirements. It is usually assumed only their continuity. On the basis of generalization of numerous studies it can be stated that to date, using nonparametric methods can solve almost the same number of tasks that previously used parametric methods. Certain statements in the literature are incorrect that nonparametric methods have less power, or require larger sample sizes than parametric methods. Note that in the nonparametric statistics, as in mathematical statistics in general, there remain a number of unresolved problems
In this article, a model of preons electric currents caused by the motion of preons in the electron shells and nuclear shells is proposed. It is assumed that preons currents may contribute to the conductivity of the material than, for example, due to different sign of the charge carriers to be determined by the Hall effect. It is shown that in metals and semiconductors, nuclear reactions can occur with rapid interruption of the current. An explanation of the known results on the transmutation of elements obtained in the explosion current-carrying conductors
One of the measures of indirect state support for domestic agricultural producer is a tariff policy, which is a key factor determining the national trade regimes and the conditions of admission of foreign products to domestic sales. The study agricultural imports in the Krasnodar region in the article are
encouraged to use the weighted and substantiated the specificity of the current state of the domestic economy tariff quotas and duties on imports of agricultural products
One of the measures of indirect state support for domestic agricultural producer is a tariff policy, which is a key factor determining the national trade regimes and the conditions of admission of foreign products to domestic sales. The study agricultural imports in the Krasnodar region in the article are
encouraged to use the weighted and substantiated by the specificity of the current state of the domestic economy tariff quotas and duties on imports of agricultural products
An algorithm of phase analysis as the instrument of
nonlinear dynamics' methods used to study cyclic recurrence
of time series is viewed in current article. The
existing classical econometric methods for estimating
cyclic recurrence developed for random systems which
dynamics matches to the normal distribution. However,
there also exists non-random systems characterized
by trends, periodic and non-periodic cycles called quasicycles.
An example of computing process of identifying
quasicycles is illustrated on time series of all
grain yields in Russia for the last 119 years. Phase
portrait of this time series is illustrated in twodimension
space. As a result, the phase portrait consists
of 22 frequently unstable quasicycles which tottality
forms a strange attractor. Quasicycles have quantitative
(length) and quality (configuration) characteristics.
Their combination defines very important characteristic
called trend-stability. Phase analysis is a powerful
form of analysis of time series to assess cyclic
recurrence and is a tool for pre-forecasting analysis.
Fuzzy sets' mathematical apparatus is also used in this
article. An algorithm of formation of fuzzy sets' quasicycles'
length is also presented here. Quasicycles' statistics
are presented in tables, geometric patterns and in
the form of fuzzy sets
In cell biology, actinomycin D is shown to have the ability to inhibit transcription. Actinomycin D does this by binding DNA at the transcription initiation complex and preventing elongation of RNA chain by RNA polymerase. When soaking the seeds in a solution of actinomycin D, antibiotic blocks RNA synthesis and seed germination occurs at the expense of long-living RNA, available in the mature seed. In the article we present experimental data indicating that as storage seeds of winter barley are changing the action actinomycin D on the growth of coleoptiles. It is shown that actinomycin D at a concentration of 40 µg/ml in October reduced the growth, in December it was not authentically, and in February it was paradoxical amplified growing coleoptiles. We suggest the part of the actinomycin D fastened with growth inhibitor coleoptiles, whose structure changes during seed storage and increase the affinity of actinomicyn D to the inhibitors. At a concentration of 60 µg/ml actinomycin D effectively reduced of the coleoptiles growth. Suppression of seedlings roots growth was proportional to the concentration of the actinomycin D and exposure time
The method and results of forecasting of crops of agricultural crops in the Rostov region on reclamated lands are resulted. The method is based on use of dependence of crops of agricultural crops from agro meteorological factors. Results of calculation on planning crops of winter wheat at irrigation are shown
The main objective of this article is to solve a
problem of a numerical identification of cyclones
based on the reanalysis data. The results show that
the amount of cyclones is increasing during last 66
years, the number and depth of cyclones are larger in
Northern Hemisphere than in Southern, and Northern
Hemisphere cyclones become deeper and deeper with
time. Cyclonic activity in the Northern Hemisphere
mainly is caused by large number of cyclones, in the
Southern Hemisphere – by their depth. In the
Northern Hemisphere cyclone characteristics change
significantly
The article reports about the results of the new population of protected herb species studying in the Rostov region and in the Russian Federation - Cymbochasma borysthenica (Pall are given. ex Schlecht.) Klok. & Zoz (Orobanchaceae), registered in 2014 on the northern coast of Mius Liman in the Rostov-on-Don Region. The new habitat is located at considerable distance from the earlier known. The population area has about 200 sq. m, total number – more than 1000 uneven-age specimens of a seed and vegetative origin. Population consists of two cenopopulations one of which lives in community of transitional type from a timyannik to a stony steppe (association: Festuca valesiaca – Cleistogenes bulgarica – Cymbochasma borysthenica – Thymus dimorphus), another – as a part of the stony steppe (association: Festuca valesiaca + Agropyron pectinatum + Galatella villosa), created at the limestone shell rock exits. Cenopopulation in community of transitional type, despite the smaller area (50 sq. m), differs by more number and density. Both cenopopulations are similar in age ranges character and vitality of specimens. They belong to a normal type (capable to vegetative and seed self-maintenance) with a left-side age range that allows estimating them as rather stable, despite very limited area
The article deals with hawthorn Dagestan. It is noted
that the more than 100 species are found 14 species in
Dagestan. The most common of them are studied as a
source of biologically active substances and nutrients,
and they can be used as food additives for various
purposes. The content of biologically active substances
and nutrients are defined. The high content of phenolic
substances in C. pentagyna Waldst. et Kit, which play
an important role in the formation of immunity and
possessing P-vitamin activity is defined. Amino acid
and fatty acid composition of the fruit of the hawthorn
Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. et Kit, as the most
valuable for using as food additives is defined by ionexchange
and gas-liquid chromatography. Sixteen
amino acids were identified and quantified in the
protein component of hawthorn fruit. The high content
of essential amino acids such as lysine, threonine,
valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine.
The amount of essential amino acids is 296.1 mg / 100
g. Chromatographic separation of fatty acid methyl
esters has enabled us to establish the presence of the
following fatty acids: palmitic, oleic, stearic, linoleic
and linolenic, including established the presence of
essential fatty acids - the family of alpha-linolenic acid
OMEGA -3 and linoleic acid family of OMEGA -6