Classical combinatorial formula to calculate the number
of combinations from n on m: C(n,m)=n!/(m!(nm)!)
involves the intermediate calculation of factorials,
which is often impossible when n>170, due to limitations
in the capacity of numbers that are used in programming
languages and created through these systems.
However, in some cases it is necessary to calculate
the number of combinations for n and m much
larger than this limit, such as when a value greater than
10000. In such cases, there is a definite problem,
which manifests itself, for example in the fact that
many on-line services meant to calculate the number
of combinations with these parameters do not work
properly. In this article, we present its solution in the
form of an algorithm and software implementation.
The essence of the approach is to first decompose the
factorials into prime factors and reduce them, and then
to produce multiplication. This approach differs from
those cited in the Internet
Macrodeficiency of polymeric materials, including the
pervasive one, is a consequence of the development of
initial microdefects which appear in polymers both
due to external factors and during their processing. In
the article, the problem of the detection of structural
microdeficiency of various polymeric materials
through an assessment of their structural parameters is
solved. The considered materials possess
approximately identical degree of crystallinity (60 –
66%), but different density. The express assessment
technique of polymeric materials microdeficiency by
the sorption method with the use of the academician
M. M. Dubinin’s theory of volumetric micropore
filling is developed and evaluated. On the basis of a
quantitative assessment of sorption processes in
polymeric materials, including elastomeric
compositions – rubbers and rubberized fabrics, the
existence of the initial local microdefects arising in
the course of synthesis is established. In real
polymeric materials, including elastomeric
compositions – rubbers and rubberized fabrics, the
existence of the initial local microdefects arising in
the course of synthesis is established (the number of
microdefects n varies from 1x1017 sm-3 to 6x1019 sm-3
,
and the rated linear size k – from 2 nm to 7 nm). The
general reduction of microdeficiency in rubberized
fabrics in comparison with initial rubber is revealed
and rationalized
Since the industrial revolution a huge amount of pollutants
emitted annually into the water most of which is
occupied by toxic metals. These metals widely distributed
in the environment and of accumulation of a
threat to human health. It is known, that cadmium and
zinc at high concentrations have a negative impact on
nature. In modern wastewater treatment technology we
widely use polymeric sorbents with chelating properties.
The use of polymeric chelating sorbents (PCS)
usage allows separating individual or group trace elements
from large volumes of solutions of complex
composition, lowering the limit of detection, eliminating
or reducing significantly the impact of macrocomponents
which increases the cleaning efficiency.
The article presents the results of a study of conditions
of interaction of zinc (II) ions and cadmium (II) with
PCT - polystyrene-azo-o-phenol-azo-rhodanine. We
found the optimal values of the conditions for zinc (II)
ions and cadmium (II) sorption. We investigated the
effect of interfering of the macro- and micro- water
components with the sorption of the ions studied.
Maximum desorption of metal ions is achieved by
washing the concentrate with 10 ml of 2M hydrochloric
acid. The data indicate availability of the investigated
sorbent for concentration and separation of zinc
(II) ions and cadmium (II)
The article is devoted to the study of enzymesantioxidants
contained in horseradish root. The article
provides a detailed analysis of the sources of information,
aimed at clarifying the content of enzymesantioxidants
contained in horseradish root, grown in
the Astrakhan region in the autumn and summer. During
the analysis of the literature, it was found that the
content of enzyme-antioxidants in the root of the
horseradish is not constant and depends on climatic
conditions, planting time and harvest time. The content
of antioxidants in the root of horseradish grown in the
Astrakhan region in the summer-autumn period was
studied using by the method of A.N. Bach and A.I.
Oparin. 2 g of horseradish roots contains the number
of enzymes - antioxidants able to expand for 30 min
(1,547 • 100) / (20 • 1) = 77.35 mg of hydrogen peroxide
in 1 min - 2.56 mg. 1mkmol As hydrogen peroxide
is 0.034 mg, in 2 g horseradish contains 76 E enzyme -
antioxidants (or E 38 1 g horseradish). The results of
this work will form the basis for the creation and study
of new enterosorbent with antioxidant functions. Enterosorbent
prepared by adsorption on starch antioxidants
such as peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbic acid,
from aqueous extracts of plant material
The article is devoted to studying adsorption of enzymes,
antioxidants contained in horseradish root on
starch to create enterosorbent with anti-oxidant properties.
For this goal, we have studied adsorption isotherm
calculated constants, thermodynamic parameters
(change of enthalpy, entropy, and isobaric-isothermal
potential); sorption kinetics of enzyme-antioxidants on
starch and calculate the main characteristics. The
method of producing of enterosorbent - antioxidant on
based starches has been developed based on the experimental
data. The ready sorbent is a white powder having
no taste and smell. Insoluble in biological fluids
and water. It is the solid component. The enterosorbent
can be used to protect the gastrointestinal tract of humans
and animals against a wide variety of oxidants
and peroxide. The results of this work will form the
basis for the study of the antioxidant properties of the
resulting enterosorbent
This review is devoted to the 60 anniversary of the
winter wheat variety (Triticum aestivum L.)
Bezostaya 1 – a masterpiece of world selection. This
variety played a great role in increasing total grain
yields in the Kuban Region. It also was an important
gene source for Russian and world breeding. This
variety has initiated and was for many years a party
to research molecular biological mechanisms of
wheat frost resistance formation. The article
summarizes data about the peculiarities of
functioning of protein-synthesizing system it sprouts
(coleoptilies) under the influence of hardening
temperature (4oC): translational activity in vitro,
poliribosomts, degree of polyadenilation and stability
of total mRNA and specific mRNA translational
elongation factor α subunit 1 (eEF-1 α). The in vitro
(ommp) system, which adequately characterizes the
relative mRNA stability in vivo was used for these
measurements. The effects of cooling and light on
mRNA stability were shown to be cultivar-specific.
The hardiness of winter wheat has a positive
relationship with the amount of RNA and DNA, and
a negative correlation with the amount of magnesium
cations in mature grain that can serve as a simple
marker of frost resistance. The main feature of the
variety Bezostaya 1 is high content of magnesium
ions (Mg++) in RNA molecules and relatively low
variation of Mg++-depending molecularphysiological
responses for different environmental
conditions. The knowledge gained in the study of
variety of Bezostaya 1 contributes to the
understanding of molecular biological processes that
underlie the selection and determining its future
success
The article studies the influence of polymeric in
the form of formers and growth regulators on the
growth and development of rice plants when
grown in saline conditions. We controlled the effect
of salinity on grows regulators and vigor, seed
germination, root and shoot weight, the content of
photosynthetic pigments parameters, induction
curves of delayed fluorescence, the indicators of
structure of harvest, grain yield. It was found, that
pre-sowing seed soaking in solutions of polymer
grows regulators has a stimulating effect on the
growth and development of rice plants in the early
stages: we significantly increased germination and
emergence, dry weight of root and shoot compared
to control. At different stages of ontogeny
rice, the absolute content of pigments in the leaves
and the relationship between the individual variants
change. The absolute content of pigments in
leaves and their relationship between experiences
at different stages of ontogeny change. In the period
of intensive vegetative growth from seedling
stage the content of total chlorophyll is maximum,
and by the end of the growing season it decreases.
It can be assumed that the salinity of the substrate
significantly reduces the productivity of photosynthesis
in young plants, possibly due to imbalance
of ions in the cell, the older it gets – the weaker
the phenomenon is and even becomes reversed.
The second maximum IR ZF increases during the
growing season from germination to flowering,
then decreases to the beginning of ripening in all
embodiments. The same dynamics is characteristic
of the magnitude of the proton gradient in the
membranes of chloroplasts tylakoids. Salt protection
effect of growth regulators on grain yield is
significant on both backgrounds of mineral nutrition
Humpback whitefish - Coregonus lavaretus pidschian
(Gmelin, 1788), is spread in Siberia, in the Kara,
Laptev and East Siberian seas and in the lakes of the
Arctic and Subarctic. Objective: To assess the status of
fish in the waters of Yakutia, to make ecological
forecasts and determine the possibility and prospect of
economic use of whitefish, as a fish-breeding material
in the present conditions. Methods: The analysis was
carried out on the fresh material as described
I.Pravdina (1966), taking into account the
recommendations of Y. Reshetnikov (1980).
Collection and processing of materials were carried out
in 1969-2015 by standard methods. Results. Reaching
sexual maturity at the sixth (in weight - the eighth and
ninth) year of life, whitefish begin to move to the main
breeding groundsin the early fall. Absolute fecundity
of eggs 2500-140000. Spawning is common in late
September-early October. The food spectrum usually
consists of the following objects: chironomid larvae,
plants, mollusks, fish eggs and copepods. By the
nature of power - benthophage, but often becomes
planktonic organisms. Conclusions. Important food
fish, but its reserves significantly reducedunder the
influence of anthropogenic factors in recent years. The
catch of whitefish can be increased as a result of the
development of aquaculture
Numerous revealed negative impacts of the diamond
industry and Vilyuiskaya HPP on the aquatic
environment and biological objects are more expressed
in the change of the hydrochemical regime in water
basin of Viluy and as its consequence - in violation of
the structural and functional nature of the components
of aquatic biota; in the change of he average biomass
and abundance of planktonic populations
(phytoplankton and zooplankton) and benthic
organisms, and in general - in the change of the flow
energy in an aquatic ecosystem
Tillage plays an important role in the production of
cereal and grains. The issues of improving the methods
applied for soil treatment aimed at improving its
quality significantly influencing crop yield have been
considered. Reducing of all types of costs: energy,
labor, money was also taken into consideration. In
this article, based on numerous studies we have proposed
to use the effect of oscillatory motion in the
working body of tillage, improving the design of
tillage machines, reducing the metal consumption of
the machine, the intensity of the process while increasing
quality of work. The article reveals issues
related to embedding of the new tillage of the working
body running in a horizontal plane and having
special tabs (blade), allowing it to make a reciprocating
rotational motion. This working body provides
the undercutting of a soil layer and root system of
weeds, the crumbling of the soil layer and its interaction
with the working surfaces of the blades. The
conditions of the sliding soil layer on the surface of
the working body and reducing the pressure of the
reservoir to the working body are proposed. It decreases
the compression of the reservoir and the tractive
resistance. We have substantiated the conditions
for reciprocating rotational motion of the proposed
disk of the working body in the working plane close
to the horizontal, when interacting with a layer of the
soil