The creation of machines and tools of new generation,
which represent high-efficiency, highperformance
and take less energy and metal is a
global challenge for the modern science. In this article,
based on numerous studies, it is proposed to use
the effect of oscillatory motion in the working body
of tillage, improving the design of tillage machines
that aims to reduce metal consumption, energy intensity
and improve quality of work. A new tillage
working body, running in a horizontal plane and having
special tabs (blades) allowing it to make a reciprocating
rotational motion has been presented. The
application of this working body provides agronomic,
environmental, energetic and economic efficiency
by trimming the layer of the soil and root system
of weeds, crumbling soil layer during its interaction
with the working surfaces of the blades. Due to
the reciprocating rotational motion, the cleaning of
the working body is observed. The constructive and
technological scheme of the working body and the
scheme of forces acting on the proposed working
body at the moment of penetration and the rotation of
the working body at a certain angle are offered. The
conditions for the reciprocating rotational motion of
the working body are obtained as well as differential
equations allowing considering the process of
movement of the working body. The article also reveals
expressions for the elementary forces acting on
the surface of the blade from the moving layer of soil
Fracture geometry depends on stresses and rock
properties in hydraulic fracturing operation. Poisson’s
ratio imports directly in the calculations related to
formation stresses. The most important reason for
limiting fracture height is the natural stresses contrast
resulting from the differences with Poisson ratios.
Without this difference, fracture would have largely
uncontrolled height. The goal of this study is
mathematical investigation of the effect of Poisson’s
ratio on the formation stresses that is necessary to select
value of breakdown pressure in hydraulic fracturing
operation. In this article, a mathematical model has been
coded using “MATLAB” software for prediction of
stresses in the various layers. This designed program is
able to present both digital and graphical output results
for different values of Poisson’s ratio. At the end,
stresses exerted on the different layers of the several real
oil reservoirs have simulated and breakdown pressures
have determined
The article deals with the problem of efficiency increase
of the control of the information with limited
distribution, which circulates in general purpose
information networks, by means of working out an
automated identification system of data with limited
distribution. The purpose of working out the system is
timely identification and prevention of leakage of
information with limited distribution. There is a
technique to construct a dictionary as a phase of working
out an automated identification system of data with
limited distribution suggested. It describes: 1) an order of
association of the word forms having one semantic value
in concepts which are designated by simple numbers; 2)
the order of association of concepts in the data
designated by natural numbers, thus the data identifier is
a product of concept identifiers; 3) an order of
representation of word forms their graphic bases; 4)
designation of intraphrase connectors in concepts
presented by word-combinations; 5) an order of
representation of word forms in the form of abstract type
of data - prefix tree; 6) an order of association of
concepts of the formalizable document in the general
prefix tree of graphic bases of word forms; 7) an order of
identification of graphic bases in the tree. It defines:
1) restrictions on the size of the dictionary at the use of
64-digit processors, in a case if the operational system
does not support arithmetics of repeated accuracy; 2) a
maximum quantity of concepts of an analyzed fragment
of the text; 3) the maximum value of the identifier of
concepts and a maximum quantity of concepts of the
dictionary. There is a table presented, illustrating the
correlation between these three values
We have provided technical solutions to improve performance
of technological systems for the preparation
of solutions and concrete based on the use of screw
rotors in the form of drums with helix lines formed on
the perimeter as interconnect lines of his spiral surfaces.
We discuss the six varieties of devices and installations
for mixing, including concrete mixers, reels
which are of a complicated geometric body formed by
helical surfaces with variable or constant pitch and
which creates screw lines in the places of their connection.
In the form of screw drums, they may be conical,
concave, convex, cylindrical. The experimental test
was conducted on the concrete mixer drums, which are
arranged one in the other. The implementation of the
mixer in the form of coaxially edited two barrels provides
not only a reduction in size in length, but a significant
reduction in energy consumption due to the
use of heat, released during the activation process of
inert heating of the concrete mix as when re-mixing
and concrete mix when mixing it with water and transportation.
The drums of such systems is made of flat
elements with the formation of the helical lines discretely
spaced around the perimeter of different pitch
and with different numbers directed towards each other
helical surfaces. In the process of transporting the
components of concrete in the internal screw drum
there is active mixture of sand, gravel and cement.
Thus, there is not only the destruction of lumpy, sticky
components of the raw materials, but also active uniform
distribution of particles of cement, sand and
gravel into a homogenous mass. The implementation
of the proposed technology and equipment ensures not
only reduction of the dimensions of the mixer length,
but also improving the quality of finished products, as
well as potential cement savings of 3-5%
The article studies dynamics of losses and the change
of composition of essential oil from split coriander
fruits. It is found, that in the fractions of split fruits,
extracted from long-stored commercial lots of raw
materials, mass fraction of essential oil is two or three
times lower than in whole fruits. In the composition of
essential oil from split fruits the content of valuable
components - linalool, geraniol, geranyl acetate is
slightly higher, and the content of undesirable
hydrocarbons and camphor is lower. It is shown that
from freshly split fruits, which were stored in a thin
layer in the open air, the oil was intensively lost in the
first three days, the losses reached 86 %. At the same
time, the composition of the oil changed: the content
of most volatile components - hydrocarbons decreased
several times and the content of high-boiling linalool,
geraniol, geranyl acetate significantly increased, which
increased the quality of the oil smell. The change of
composition is determined not only by the ratio of
components volatility. The content of relatively high
boiling camphor almost half decreased. This could be
associated with less ability of fruit tissue to sorb and
the ability of camphor to be easily sublimated.
The content of volatile n-cymene over time increased
with a simultaneous decrease in the content of γ–
terpinene, which confirmed predominantly chemical
way of n-cymene accumulation in coriander essential
oil in conditions conducive to oxidation. It is
recommended to separate the split fruits as soon as the
raw materials come to the plant and to process
immediately. Essential oil from split fruits can be used
to adjust the composition of individual lots of oil in
order to improve their quality, and to provide
extraction of valuable components – linalool and geraniol by vacuum rectification method
The deformation model of sand soil that takes into
account the formation of clusters of particles, and
method of measuring its characteristics is suggested.
The physical basis of the method is the effect of the
stepwise increasing of the sand probe at the odometer
pressure by the constant rate of loading and the
continuous measuring of deformation. The analysis of
settlement and its rate has been allowed to determine
the microstructural characteristics of the two-order
deformation model of sand. According to the proposed
model, with compression of the probe in odometer
compaction of the sand takes place due to local strains
on the sliding surfaces. The sliding surfaces allocate
clusters of sand, and the separated layers of clusters
are registered by device in the form of steps of
deformation. Layer formation of clusters is initiated by
the rigid stamps through the largest mineral grains.
Cluster layers create the asymmetric microstructure of
the sand probe, its compaction is non uniform but also
anisotropic. At the initial interval value of the pressure,
the formation of primary clusters occurs, and once they
cover the entire probe volume, the compaction of the
sand is by crushing them on the secondary smaller
cluster sizes. The change of mechanism of the
compaction is manifested in the sharp decrease of the
settlement rate. The compaction process continues
while a larger increment of pressure at each step. The
deformation model allows compute the pressure value
at which the compaction of the sand reaches the
theoretical limit
The article is devoted to the development of
high-tech metal-working industry, as well as to
the use of unmanned technology. We
recommended measures to improve the
accuracy and quality of manufacturing of
complex and large workpieces weighing up to
100 tons. To date, the technical level of many
economy sectors is largely determined by the
level of the production means. Based on the
engineering development there is an overall
automation and mechanization of production
and industry processes, construction,
agriculture, transport and other industries. We
analyzed forms of slide sections, of errors
affecting the accuracy of the workpieces
manufacturing. We made simulation of the
cutting forces and sliders deformations. Solved
measures increase manufacturing accuracy
based on multi-purpose machine tool systems of
VM series. We held the analysis of the
dependence of cutting forces, a slider form on
its strain in different types of processing. We
obtained a graph of cutting force and precision
manufacturing. We defined the optimal shape of
the slider cross section to increase the rigidity
and reduce the slide deformation in metal
cutting
The article is devoted to actual problems of ecological
monitoring of conditions of small rivers in the North
Caucasus and southern Russia. We are giving here the
results of researches of natural and economic
conditions and the current state of the river Nalchik
near the city of Nalchik, which is typical for many
small rivers. The materials of engineering researches
and inspections of the territory of the urbanized areas of
the river are brought with the detailed analysis of the
results of the destroyed and broken areas. We describe
the causes of the destruction of man-made protective
and regulatory structures and the factors of their impact
on the water protecting coastal zone and the
hydrological regime of rivers. The effective method of
regulation of short sites of the small rivers with use of
groins and flexible biopositive nature protection
technologies is offered. According to the complex
research effective measures to improve the ecological
state of the rivers on the example of Nalchik are
offered. The rationale for the development of
environmental monitoring in all urbanized coastal
zones of small rivers and their cadastral registration is
made. The main findings of the analytical and
experimental research on different areas specific to the
small rivers of the North Caucasus and southern Russia
are brought here
The article reveals main reasons for developing
tendencies to the using of new types of energy, which
are limited supply of traditional fuels and
environmental problems associated with its
processing. It is shown that new forms of energy
plays an important role in the energy supply of many
countries of the world, and in the future they can
become the main sources of energy to meet the
growing needs of the global economy. We reveal
main reasons of the increasing interest in renewable
energy, and we show the obvious prospects of their
use, due to two factors. First, according to experts,
the global reserves of traditional fuels are limited, and
secondly, this was evidenced by the investments of
leading countries in this promising industry. The
article lists reasons for the need for the use of
renewable energy sources in Russia. Increased
consumption of natural resources has become a real
threat to the security of the life of human society. The
basis of solving modern social and environmental
problems is a transition to a regulated process of safe
use of natural energy potential to meet the vital needs
of people not only in the coming decades, but in the
long run. It is concluded, that the determining
condition for the development of the human
civilization at present and in the future would be the
level of natural resources which ensures the needs of
the population without making harm to the
environment
The article presents a technical diagnostics of a car as a complex of goals and tasks connected with
trouble-shooting of mechanisms and systems in
order to eliminate them. We have considered the
stages of computer diagnostics of different
automobile systems such as diagnosing the engine,
the brake system, steering and suspension. We have
analyzed their components, the ways of troubleshooting
and elimination recommendations. The
article presents the main troubles transferred from
the electronic control unit. The article also presents
the stages of diagnosing the engine including
external examination, listening to abnormal noises,
checking the operating fluids and the engine
management system, diagnosing the basic engine
systems and checking the cylinders being filled.
The article contains the list of main troubles and
their reasons. One can also see diagnosing the brake
system, its defects and remedies. The article
presents diagnostics and repair of the suspender and
graphics describing the check of the dismantled
shock strut at the stand and tests of the shock strut
without being dismantled. We have analyzed
computer diagnostics and the problems it solves