This article is devoted to the implementation of the process approach in the OSH at a machine building enterprises. The approaches to the construction of process system have been considered, taking into account the open nature of certain system and methodological recommendations developed for QMS processes. Processes of OSH are a part of the general processes system of the machine-building enterprise. However, there is no clear a division of the necessary processes into managerial and main production, in any existing standards, supporting and auxiliary processes. In the article, known schemes of OSH processes are considered and a variant of the scheme is developed which meets all the requirements of the interested parties, influence of the external and internal environment of the enterprise, risks and opportunities. A variant of the decomposition of the process of system functioning with the allocation of subprocesses of the first, second and third levels
The article compares various hypotheses that explain the mechanisms of the influence of the magnetic field with different characteristics on liquids, physico-chemical and biological systems. Physical effects that cause specific biological activity of water (magnetic treatment of water, production of thawed water, degassing, etc.) make water be metastable or non-equilibrium states. Water attracts the attention of researchers as a likely universal mediator in the transmission of electromagnetic field signals to the biological level. Water is involved in a variety of chemical and metabolic reactions, so the question about the ability to change the properties of water and solutions under the influence of fields of different nature: an electromagnetic field with different frequencies, with different combinations of field orientations (parallel constant and variable magnetic field, slope fields, rotating magnetic fields, magnetic fields close to zero and electric fields) arises. At the heart of existing methods for treating liquids lie methods that use the energy of the acoustic and magnetic fields, as well as complex methods of influencing the electromagnetic field in combination with thermal heating, pressure change, etc. The analysis of existing hypotheses about the mechanisms of the influences of fields of a different nature on the treated liquid makes it possible to put forward a hypothesis about the possibility of the joint influence of the acoustic and magnetic fields on the liquid by means of the acoustic and magnetic device
We have presented technical solutions of an energy
supplying complex of apiary based on a solar plant,
which ensure its functioning in the winter. Various
aspects of the influence of the snow cover on the
functioning of the complex are considered in the
article. The favorable effect of the snow cover includes
increasing the diffuse insolation, improving the
thermal insulation of the building for placement of
bees, which protects bee families from fluctuating
external temperature. The negative effect of the snow
cover includes adherence of snow to the receiving
surfaces of solar energy converters, which can lead to
decreasing the efficiency of using of photovoltaic
modules and solar collectors. Both active and passive
methods of combating snow sticking are suggested in
article. Passive methods include installation of solar
energy converters at an angle close to 90°, as well as
their placement on the windward side. The simulation
of the functioning of the complex based on a solar
plant was conducted for climatic conditions of the
Republic of Mari El (the time interval – from 14
October to 14 April, a photovoltaic module area – 1,3
m
2
with installation angles of 72˚ and 88˚). Because of
the simulation, we obtained graphs of the changing the
power of the photovoltaic module. Active methods
include air injection onto the receiving surfaces of
solar energy converters and using of heating elements
This article is devoted to the review of existing
separation equipment. The principle of operation and
advantages of a modern design of a centrifugal-vortex
separator is described. The technique of repairing and
modernization of obsolete separation equipment is
described
TO THE APPLICATION OF THE SEVEN TOOLS OF QUALITY CONTROL IN HIGHER MILITARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
The article notes the importance of identifying and
taking into account factors affecting the quality of the
educational process. To solve these problems the
collection, processing and analysis of various data are
required. In higher educational institutions, it can be
achieved reasonably and conveniently using the
application of "seven tools of quality control".
Differences between civil and military institutions of
higher learning determine not only the features of the
educational process, methods for achieving quality of
teaching, but also the specificity of the "quality"
understanding. This article discusses and explains the
use of three of the seven tools of quality education
control in the higher military educational institutions.
According to the authors, the specificity of these
institutions is more close collaboration between the
processes of the quality management system (QMS) in
comparison with civilian educational institutions. In
military academies when the causes of
nonconformities in the educational process are
eliminated, the processes of the cadets’ "second half of
the day" are simultaneously improving. In this regard,
the scheme of processes, process maps and other
documents of the QMS of the military institution will
be significantly different from similar documents of
the civil. The forms of checklists proposed in the
article, the methods of applying the Pareto and
Ishikawa diagrams are of an applied nature
In the article, we give examples of practical realization of the implementation of industrial environmental control for service centers. In order to conduct environmental activities at production environmental control there was developed appropriate documentation, with instructions of the list and timing of the events. Due to the organization of production environmental control at the enterprise of the service center there was a timely opportunity to implement environmental activities, and solve problems in the field of ecology detectable in the control period. To solve problems identified in the implementation of industrial environmental control, the car service enterprise took measures to ensure efficient wastewater treatment, equipped closed places and recycling. The article provides general insights about the necessity and appropriateness of the organization of industrial environmental control. Principles of organization and implementation of industrial environmental monitoring outlined in this article can be applied by enterprises of various economic activities
To date, a necessary condition for progress in the field
of information technology is wide adoption of
standards and technologies of information systems
used for hardware and software products. Building
software of computing and information systems, based
on the ideology of open systems, allows to solve
successfully the problem of software portability on
platforms of various manufacturers, the problem of
interchangeability of components and, most
importantly, ensures the integration of devices and
users in a variety of computing and telecommunication
networks. It should be emphasized the fact that to date
the successful implementation of any significant
projects in the field of information and computer
technology, management of information and
telecommunications is not possible without
coordination of development with existing standards in
the field of information systems and, in some cases,
the development of new standards. In the transition to
a unified computing telecommunications systems
principles of information systems form the basis of
technology integration, the establishment of sectoral,
regional and national information infrastructures and
their interactions on a global scale. Therefore, we can
conclude that the technology of information systems
today is the working environment in which there is a
development priority
It is known, that the voltage deviation from the
nominal value leads to a change in the technical
characteristics of the equipment and may cause a
violation of their working ability, including leading to
an emergency. The article deals with the known
structural diagram of single-phase voltage stabilizers
of AC power, the peculiarities of their work and their
disadvantages. To improve the performance
characteristics of single-phase AC voltage stabilizers,
we have proposed a functional scheme of the
stabilizers performed on transformers,
autotransformers and optosymistors. The article
considers features of the proposed circuit voltage
stabilizers. To stabilize three-phase voltage we have
proposed using a three-phase stabilizer. In this case, to
improve the reliability of the reserve there may be a
single-phase stabilizer, which automatically connects
to the appropriate phase at malfunction of one of the
working electronic voltage stabilizers. To stabilize
three-phase voltage, a stabilizer can be made based on
the three-phase transformer. In comparison with the
use of a single-phase stabilizer in a three-phase
system, the voltage stabilizer will have improved
weight and overall dimensions. To significantly
improve the technical characteristics of voltage
stabilizers, working in the autonomous power supply
systems, it is possible only through the use of modern
mathematical apparatus, allowing to simulate the
physical processes in power circuits of stabilizers in
nominal and emergency modes of operation
The article provides an overview of Express-methods
of quality evaluation and identification of lipidcontaining
plant raw materials (oil seeds) and its
processed products (oil cakes, oilseed meals, vegetable
oils, lecithins) using pulse method of nuclear magnetic
resonance. Development of express methods of quality
evaluation and identification of lipid-containing plant
raw materials and products of its processing is a
priority, as these methods are environmentally safe and
also allow us to regulate technological conditions of
refining processes, are characterized by low error of
determination, i.e., high precision, and, in some cases,
it is only possible to use because of its non-destructive
effects on the analyzed sample. Currently, we can
distinguish the following main directions of quality
evaluation and identification of lipid-containing plant
raw materials and products of its processing on the
basis of the pulse method of nuclear magnetic
resonance: assessment of quality and identification of
oilseeds (sunflower, canola, flax, soybeans);
evaluation of quality of products of processing of oil raw materials (cake and meal); the quality evaluation
and identification of vegetable oils; assessment of the
quality of the lecithins obtained from vegetable oils.
The methods of quality evaluation and identification of
lipid-containing plant raw materials and its products
are patented and have several advantages: short time (5
minutes) spent on the implementation of the single
analysis; eliminates the use of toxic chemicals; does
not require special training of laboratory personnel;
non-destructive character, which is especially
important for oilseeds from the point of view of
breeding work. On the basis of the conducted survey
we can conclude that the pulse method of nuclear
magnetic resonance has found wide application for
assessment of quality and identification of lipidcontaining
plant raw materials and products of its
processing, through rapid capabilities, high accuracy
and ease of analysis
In this article, we consider approaches to the transfer
of knowledge to students and an objective
semiautomatic assessment of knowledge. The
characteristic features of the application and the
possibility of using cognitive training methodologies
and complex systems for testing skills and the
theoretical base of trainees are analyzed. The
problems of development of this direction and
possible ways of their solution are described. The
basic concepts are introduced and the existing
methods of calculating the average score for
checking the student's knowledge are considered,
and a new approach to solving this problem is
proposed. Based on the conducted researches it is
offered to use the complex system of testing of end
users, which includes testing, monitoring, collecting,
analyzing and displaying the results of
students/groups/ course. The main requirements for
the creation of such a complex and the rules to be
followed are formulated for a more objective
assessment of knowledge. A model of an integrated
modular system for objective semi-automatic testing
of knowledge through testing is described