Agricultural use leads to a significant transformation of soils. The first to use the soil for cultivation react most sensitive biological indicators. The purpose of the study - to establish the effect of using the brown forest soils for planting apple orchards for their biological activity, in particular on the humus content, enzyme activity (catalase and dehydrogenase). For the control, we have selected forest area adjacent to arable land. Because of violations of the natural vegetation, there are changes in hydrothermal conditions of the soil. Humidity soil plowed off under forest, while temperatures gets considerably higher. Plowing, compared with the control, revealed significant loss of humus (50%) in the upper most disturbed horizons. In the lower horizons of the values of this index were quite low (1.5%) on all sections of the test. The decline in humus content, as well as overheating and draining soil tillage results in a change of enzymatic activity not only in the surface layers, but also in the whole profile. Due to the movement of the most favorable hydrothermal conditions in the underlying horizons, an increase of enzyme activity over control values in the deeper layers of the soil. The article shows a possibility of the use of biological indicators as indicators of changes in the brown forest soils as a result of agricultural use
The article presents the results of laboratory
modeling of gleyisation and its effect on the
biological properties of soils with stagnant regime in
ordinary black soils. Gleyisation is a complex
biochemical process that occurs under oxygen
reduction conditions. Anaerobic microorganisms, the
presence of organic substances, and the constant or
prolonged waterlogging of individual horizons or the
entire soil profile promote gleyisation. Model
experiments revealed that gleyisation increase the
total number of bacteria and suppresses number of
actinomycetes, micromycetes and growth of fungal
mycelium. Gleyisation decreases the activity of
oxidoreductases and increases the hydrolases
activity. In addition, the second content of humus
slightly increases and active acidity (pH) changes to
neutral. Accumulation of large amounts of iron oxide
(II) in soil is revealed
There are changes in almost all the properties of
chernozems under locally overmoistening. In
general, changes in the properties and conditions of
chernozems under the development of local wetlands
went in a particular way, regardless of the
peculiarities of soil formation factors and causes
waterlogging. The most noticeable change is the
transformation of physical properties of soil and
organic matter status. According to our research,
more quickly and clearly excessive moisture causes a
change in the physical properties of the soil. There
are changes of the structural state, bulk density and
amount of water-stable aggregates. The significant
change is the transformation of soil organic matter.
There is increasing of total humus content. In a
group composition, the fraction of humic and fulvic
acids increases the share. The humus profile is
stretched. In the majority of cases in investigated
soils was diagnosed secondary salinization. The
periodic waterlogging of the soil also contributes to
the change in the amount of soil carbonates and their
distribution in the profile. Chernozems gradually lose
calcium, the main structurant and humates maker.
Among the most studied soil of Zernogradsky region
in the cationic part of the prevailing spot goes
sodium. In addition, the narrowing ratio of calcium
to magnesium was observed. That is the hallmark of
the aqueous extract of locally overmoistening soils
The researches of the influence of biotechnological processing on the microstructure of rumen are given in the article. Histological changes were detected after processing the prototypes of rumen with starter cultures of propionic acid bacteria and bifid bacteria, and fermental preparation such as pepsin and trypsin
The results of the study of amino acids of white table
wines depending on the yeast strain, continuous contact
of wine with yeast biomass and the presence of
lees stirring are presented. The dynamics of amino
acids, which affect wine organoleptic characteristics
and the formation of wine defects, specifically, tyrosine,
methionine, threonine and lysine is shown. Conducted
researches made it possible to divide the amino
acids into three groups depending on the carrying out
the batonnage or lack of it. The first group consisted of
amino acids, the concentration of which practically has
not changed in the presence or lack of stirring. The
second and third groups include amino acids, the concentration
of which increased and decreased, respectively
during batonnage. The stirring of the wine with
yeast biomass facilitated to the activation of mass
transfer processes between cell and medium, and the
access of air lead to oxidation of some amino acids and
the change of its concentration. The absence of stirring
influenced to a slight increase in the concentration of
such amino acids as cystine, cysteine,
β-phenylalanine, serine, α-alanine, leucine and glutamic
acid. The experimental data allowed to arrange amino
acids in a row depending on the speed of release
into the medium: ά-aminobutyric acid >
glutamic acid > α-alanine > leucine
Correlation and spectral methods were used to analyze changes in the regime of air temperature and precipitation rate in the Black Sea region in the 20th century. It was established that climatic tendencies on the regional scale differed from the global ones. In order to predict their consequences in the nearest 10 to 20 years it is necessary to concentrate efforts on studying and modeling natural climatic variability, which superimposes on the relatively slow global changes
In this article the changes of age and sexual structures of populations of a lake frog from ponds-evaporators of sugar factories are show. The are the low number of adult animals, the increase of frogs of morpha maculate and females
In this article the analysis of operating mode of irrigat-ing rice systems is presented; it shows that the main task of the management consists in formation and maintenance for a long time water regime on rice fields, in channels, and also levels of ground waters
This article presents the dispersal analysis of the effec-tive influence of dehydration’s correction on the func-tional condition and componential staff of the body weight of the road-bicyclists in an atmosphere of using of rehydrational drink
This article is devoted to the analysis of the historical
event which was signing the Manifesto of 15 March,
1917 about abdication by the Nicolas II. We have
considered the place, the role and the importance of
the Russian emperor abdication in the decline of the
Russian state system and the influence on declining of
morality of Russian society in connection with the
ensuing historical events. Using of the foundations of
the constitutional system allocated by modern science
of constitutional law, the authors conducted a
comparative analysis of changes in the constitutional
system of the Russian Empire, related to abdication of
Nicolas II. The authors deliberately equated the
concept of «the constitutional system» and «the state
system» for evidence of existing state. As a result of
the analysis, the authors concluded that the Russian
Empire was characterized by signs of the state system,
rather than the constitutional system in its modern
sense. The signs allocated by authors are important
for application of experience of the events occurring in
the state during the reign of Nicolas II for their use and
practical implementation at the present stage of
development of the state. The authors do not agree
with the point of view prevailing in historical science,
defining Nicolas II as emperor, who preserved the
remains of statehood in a difficult time for the Russian
Empire and saved society from destruction. On the
contrary, the authors consider that inconsistent
destructive actions of Nicolas II caused the collapse of
Russian Empire