Name
Uspensky Ivan Alekseevich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev
Web site url
—
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Articles count: 52
The results of theoretical studies presented in this article is intended to familiarize with perspective direction of improving quality of work potato harvesters by improving the working bodies of separation
One can see some density irregularity within the roll
in the baler with a chamber of constant volume. We
have found out that the maximum density of hay roll
width (the baler width) is observed in the middle part.
This is due to the shape of the hay roll entering the
baler. To even the hay rolls they have mounted some
rotating disks having some inclined spring pins above
the baler. To improve the roller distribution the disks
above the baler have been pushed forward forming a
tapering gap. The evening discs rotating above the
moving roll will cause some relative motion of hay
particles. The interaction of the evening disks with
the hay roll in the vertical plane will be determined
by the elasticity of the hay roll and the weight of the
frame with the disks. We have studied the trajectories
of hay particles motion with the help of MathCad
program. We have had the following initial
parameters: the degree of compaction (decrease of the
roll height when evening), the friction coefficient, the
angle rate of the evening disks, the number of pins and the speed of the hay roll. As a result we have got
the trajectories of the hay particles motion when the
evening disks functioning. The analysis of the
trajectories has allowed to establish some basic
parameters of the evening device such as the distance
of 0.15…0.2 m between the pins; the degree of
compression while evening 20...25 %, the angle rate
of the evening discs 23...30 rad / s and the diameter
of the evening disc 0.74 m. The application of the
evening device in the form of the disks with pins
provides a uniform distribution of hay particles
edgewise of the baler ensuring preliminary hay roll
seal press before passing to the baler pressure
chamber that contributes to getting the rolls with
larger mass and a uniform distribution of hay density
inside the roll
An integral part of technological process for the cultivation of agricultural crop is the transportation. It requires significant energy and labor costs. The statistics show that the proportion of expenses for transportation of goods in agriculture reaches 25-40% of the total costs for the production made, when the proportion of farm tractor transportations reaches 60% of the total. Thus there are considerable losses of production, reaching in separate cases up to 50%. They are especially high in the harvesting and post-harvest cycles of crop production which is connected with crop damage during transportation. The quality of fruits and vegetables during the harvest depends on the technology of its collection and transportation. Due to the rapid deterioration of most agricultural products, agricultural producers have the task in careful transportation of the fruit. A huge role in the preservation of the product is its harvesting and packing into containers. In Russia we use wooden boxes, and foreign farmers use containers, whereby they have higher productivity and preservation of fruits. The type of vehicle, the time of a day and the air temperature also have a large impact on crop damage. In Soviet times, various technologies have been developed for harvesting and transportation of the harvest to consumers using various types of forklifts, harvesters and vehicles. In our time, it requires the development of new technologies for harvesting and transportation of agricultural products to achieve a higher level of automation and high profitability of agricultural production
Potato is cultivated in 130 countries on an area of over
18 million hectares; it annually gives more than 300
million tons of tubers. The share of the Russian
Federation accounts is about 11% ... 14% of total
production. The resulting potatoes consumed in food, animal feed, technical purposes, seed fund. According
to the Ministry of agriculture of Russia, the largest
number of potatoes in our country (89 %) is produced in
peasant farms and personal farms of citizens, the area of
cultivation of which make up about 2.7 million hectares.
At such farms for the harvest, they use mainly potatodiggers,
followed by selection of crops manually. The
use of diggers in small areas of planting is more costefficiently
in relation to the harvesting combine. In
addition, the parameters requested for ATT to damage
potatoes when harvesting with the diggers (3%) are
higher than during harvesting by combine harvester
(5%). As practice shows, for the use of cleaning units,
even under optimal harvesting conditions in the hopper
of the combine, there are soil and vegetable impurities.
There are many different devices intended to localize
the problem. Based on the foregoing, we can conclude
that it is necessary to pay considerable attention to the
quality of work of excavating working bodies, because
it affects the productivity of the functioning of the
whole machine. Currently, there are widespread potato
aggregates with the receiving part, equipped with side
disks, spaced along the edges of the plowshares. The
disks cut off the raised layer of soil from between the
rows. This entails improving the performance of the
potato harvester. The most efficient and economical
from the point of view of energy consumption, is the
work of passive disks with hooks. The quality of potato
harvesters depends on the design and performance of
excavating bodies. The proposed design solution for an
excavating body increases the productivity of harvesting
machines
The article presents native and foreign bench-top
and board methods to test the automobile break
systems. One can find information about some
native trailer-break stands. We have analyzed their
advantages and drawbacks such as low information
capacity, high diagnostics processing time, low
quality of regulation and maintenance operations
due to big influence of the operator’s experience,
his knowledge and individual characteristics, and
great instability of manual test modes on the results
of the investigations. To remove these shortcomings
they have had some experiments at MADI in order
to develop the module to the brake qualities stand.
When using it one can have automatic diagnoses
and flow chart is presented in the article. Due to the
existing vehicles’ state inspection mode and
diagnostic means in our country there appeared new
stands for brakes control. One can attribute to these
devices a range of brake qualities stands developed
and produced at Novgorod plant GARO. These are
STS-3, STS-10 and STO series stands for cars,
trucks, buses and micro-buses. The article also
presents some foreign stands used in Russia such as
universal brake stands STM by META firm, the
break stand IW7 Eurosystem by MAHARUSSIA
firm. We have presented in the article the results of
the analysis of simple and complicated board means
of diagnosis as “Eftor-2”, “Effect”
An integral part of technological process for the cultivation of agricultural crop is the transportation issues. For their execution, we require significant energy and labor costs. The statistics show that the proportion of expenses for transportation of goods in agriculture reaches 25-40% of the total costs for ready-to-sale production, when the proportion of farm tractor transportations reaches 60% of the total. Thus, there are considerable losses of production, reaching in separate cases up to 50%. They are especially great in the harvesting and post-harvest cycles of crop production which is connected with crop damage during transportation. Large losses of fruit and vegetable products when transporting might be connected with their mechanical damage level during loading, unloading and transportation. This causes the urgency of the problem of preservation when transporting fruit and vegetables. One of the prior national issues is "... the development of directions to improve road transport maintenance with the aim of improving the quality of the transport process, which includes increasing commercial speed of freight flows by 2-3 times, increase productivity and profitability of road transport systems by 2-3 times, reducing the environmental load on nature by 20% ... " and others mentioned in the "Transport Strategy of Russia until 2020"
The mathematical model presented in this article allows you to choose rational values and ranges of design and technological parameters of body separation, as well as their further optimization
Based on the previous investigations we have underlined the need to increase fruit and vegetables preservation quality while transporting them from the producer to the consumer at the expense of improving the road transport operation for its intended purpose. We have made a conclusion about the need to develop strategies for maintenance and repair as for the actual technical state at the expense of developing the diagnosis system based on the development of a math model of changing the technical state of the diagnosis object, developing a method of rational set of objects to be diagnosed and determining the technical state optimal control frequency. We have confirmed that the above mentioned is possible when considering the system of technical operation of road transport as an organization-production system and applying the engineering-cybernetic approach to improve this system. We have considered the basic requirements for the efficiency indexes when investigating and improving the operation system that will allow achieving the aim we have had and can be described mathematically. We have made a conclusion about the urgency of the issue we studied and the possibility to develop the efficient operation system of road transport based on the provided criteria
Material and technical resources form a large part of the
costs in agricultural production and determine the level
of intensity of agriculture, productivity and
competitiveness of the industry. The most important
role in agricultural production is played by transport
operation, from productivity and quality of which
directly depends the volume and the grade of final
products. More preferable is tractor transport,
particularly for on-farm transport, taking into account
the impact of navigation systems on the ground.
Continuous growth in the saturation of tractors carried
out around the world, improves the performance of
tractor transport aggregate by increasing their capacity and speed, either on the road or in the field. However, if
you increase the saturation of tractors, it encounters
problems related to the deterioration of the
controllability of the tractor and transport unit. The
reduced controllability leads to an increase of damage to
transported agricultural products owing to increased
oscillatory processes in the system of "road – trailer –
tractor – operator" when driving on-farm trails,
deteriorating the smoothness and braking properties.
Especially sharp these questions relate to transportation
of easy-to-damage agricultural products at farm
transportation. The feature of data traffic lies in the
sharp drop in grade products (products receive
numerous mechanical damages, deteriorating its quality,
and lose marketability and accordingly reduced its cost).
Influence on fruit and vegetable products of unfavorable
factors can lead not only to a dramatic loss of quality at
the time of transportation, but also reduce the resistance
during further storage. To solve the problems emerging
when increasing the saturation of tractors, we have
proposed devices, allowing reducing negative impact on
the production of elevated oscillatory processes, to
increase the permeability and straightness of movement
of tractor-transport unit
The article presents the scheme-constructive solution for the separating working organ of the potato harvester, that allows to improve separation efficiency of root crops off the stems tops of
vegetable and plant residues in difficult harvesting conditions, as well as reducing the amount of damage to tubers