Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article presents the methods of efficient monitoring rate of the mobile agricultural equipment brake system based on the usage of methods of the theory of relativity. We have considered the methods of the brake gear monitoring rate according to the acceptable level of reliability, to the technical index and change logic of the technical parameters state and economic-probabilistic method. From the above-stated one can see, first, that diagnosing usage is the development of maintenance preventive strategy. Second, its practicability and the ways of realization are determined by technical and economic calculations

The article presents the way to identify the mobile agricultural equipment technical status control perio-dicity based on the comparison of its defect-free per-formance given probability with its calculated value in order to decrease significantly the efforts to estimate control periodicity and increase the results authenticity at the expense of mobile agricultural equipment prob-able characteristics calculation

Potato is cultivated in 130 countries on an area of over 18 million hectares; it annually gives more than 300 million tons of tubers. The share of the Russian Federation accounts is about 11% ... 14% of total production. The resulting potatoes consumed in food, animal feed, technical purposes, seed fund. According to the Ministry of agriculture of Russia, the largest number of potatoes in our country (89 %) is produced in peasant farms and personal farms of citizens, the area of cultivation of which make up about 2.7 million hectares. At such farms for the harvest, they use mainly potatodiggers, followed by selection of crops manually. The use of diggers in small areas of planting is more costefficiently in relation to the harvesting combine. In addition, the parameters requested for ATT to damage potatoes when harvesting with the diggers (3%) are higher than during harvesting by combine harvester (5%). As practice shows, for the use of cleaning units, even under optimal harvesting conditions in the hopper of the combine, there are soil and vegetable impurities. There are many different devices intended to localize the problem. Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that it is necessary to pay considerable attention to the quality of work of excavating working bodies, because it affects the productivity of the functioning of the whole machine. Currently, there are widespread potato aggregates with the receiving part, equipped with side disks, spaced along the edges of the plowshares. The disks cut off the raised layer of soil from between the rows. This entails improving the performance of the potato harvester. The most efficient and economical from the point of view of energy consumption, is the work of passive disks with hooks. The quality of potato harvesters depends on the design and performance of excavating bodies. The proposed design solution for an excavating body increases the productivity of harvesting machines

Gardening is one of the high-value and highly profitable branches of agriculture. However, the level of fruit production in Russia still lags far behind the needs of the population: 20-25 kg of fruits and berries per year are grown per capita, which is a quarter of the minimum consumption rate. Currently, domestic gardening has a low efficiency due to non-compliance with the criteria of world production of fruits. The production of gardens is not competitive enough and does not meet the requirements of the highest quality categories of domestic standards. To increase fruit production, it is necessary to increase the level of intensification of fruit growing using the most valuable varieties and progressive technologies of cultivation. In this article, we consider devices for soil content in orchards, as well as for pruning trees - the main agrotechnical techniques in the technology of growing pomegranate crops that promote the production of stable, optimal harvests of fruit crops. The universal device of fruits is also covered, which makes it possible to reduce labor costs during the laying, care and harvesting of the fruit garden. The wide development of intensive technologies for growing fruits adapted to specific climatic conditions and ensuring a high level of competitiveness and profitability of production is one of the necessary conditions for the further development of gardening in Russia

The role of transport in agricultural production is considerable. It is a connecting link in a single technological chain of agroindustrial complex of the country. The successful production activity of agricultural enterprises depends largely on the proper use of available forces and means. One of such means is machine-tractor fleet relating to technical basis of agricultural production. Its functioning is reflected in the whole cycle of production, from planting and ending with cleaning. Therefore, the use of the machine and tractor must ensure receipt of the highest possible efficiency at the lowest cost, as production cost agricultural production includes in its membership the costs of mechanized and transport works, which should be kept to a minimum. In this regard, transport processes should be carried out the most rational means. Rational application of those or other vehicles is based on ratios of basic load ratings, adaptability to the changing road conditions, terrain, improving functionality, improved adaptation to technical operation in the conditions of agricultural production. When choosing a vehicle, special attention must be paid to the size of the economy, the direction of its activities, the structure of commodity products, and the degree of its centralization. For successful economic activities of the agricultural enterprise it requires a different carrying capacity and terrain vehicles. At present, the majority of the automobile park of agricultural enterprises is cars and trains of general purpose, which have large load capacity and low permeability. In the agricultural enterprises of the Ryazan region today there are about 4.5 thousand commercial vehicles, mostly models of GAZ, KAMAZ and ZIL. The issue of reducing the cost of transport operation should be individualized for each sector because of its distinctive features (activity, volume of traffic, the structure of commodity production, the state of farm roads, etc.)

One of the promising directions of development of agriculture of the Russian Federation is to increase the production, improve the quality and decrease the cost of potato cultivation. Annual cleaning is one of the most intense and costly in transport and technological processes. Potatoes - blending high culture and very picky about cleaning. The highest yields and income from potato production get where embedded technology to optimize energy and labor costs. The main (though not only) the special technical means used during machine harvesting potatoes, are potato harvesters. The main problem when cleaning is a problem of balancing conflicting requirements to the process and possibilities of agricultural machinery. Including increasing the purity of the tubers in the container with one hand, minimization of losses and damages of tubers on the other hand, when the performance of equipment. In this article we propose a circuit-design solution separating the working body of the potato harvester that allow for cleaning to significantly reduce the amount of traumatized potatoes in the process of separating soil and vegetable impurities, creating the preconditions for the elimination of damage to the tubers on the hard side of the working bodies of harvesting machines. Informed choice and timely use of plug-in modules (separating working bodies) in modern potato harvesting machines at work in specific climatic conditions allows them to fully match the list of regulated agronomic requirements. Thus, the creation of new science-based technical solutions for a separation of the organs of potato harvesters is an actual scientific-technical task, which makes a significant contribution to the development of the country

This article deals with the rules of observance of agriculture technology requirements for the production of potatoes in particular. On the example of the combine PDA 1.2, we have considered the places having the greatest damaging effect on roots. One can also find a summary procedure for calculating the probability of defective products

In the study of the processes of growing, harvesting, post-harvesting processing and delivery of fruit and vegetables it seems to be rational to have generalized control of the "product – environment – packaging – transport - storage" in general, as well as providing the possibility of creating optimal conditions for fruit and vegetable products depending on its condition. The basis of ensuring product integrity at all stages of production is a system approach with application of modern information technologies. Optimization of logistic processes in the agro-industrial complex (AIC), in addition to cost, market influences many important indicators of the final product of this complex: quality, timing and reliability of supply, the size of the delivered batches, etc. The quality of fruits and vegetables begins to change dramatically immediately after harvesting. Being in a stressful and unfavorable conditions, fruit, vegetables, root crops intensively lose moisture and consume nutrients, secrete aromatic substances, carry out the breathing process. These losses are caused by biological factors fit fruit and vegetable products to the changed conditions. Thus, the main indicators of the quality of products to control rationally in the process of harvesting and subsequent production phases take into account the data obtained to optimize process parameters to reduce losses and damage products. The article discusses the prospects of applying the system-information approach to the formation of quality of fruits and vegetables during transportation and storage. The proposed embodiment of a generalized control of the "product – environment – packaging – transport - storage", aimed at ensuring the possibility of creating optimal conditions for easy-to-sell agricultural products (fruits, vegetables, root crops) depending on its condition. We have established that rational technology of production and sales of products must have the ability to control and operational adjustments depending on the level of quality input products from the stage of harvest

The article deals with the questions of effective vehicles’ operation when in farm transportation of horticultural products. They have proposed the technical solutions to increase the productivity and safety of hauling units during their operation and to decrease the transported production damage

Modern condition agricultural transport (a significant part of it about 70%) is characterized by a strong deterioration of the rolling stock, the unsatisfactory state of the production base. More than 30% of vehicles operated outside the normative service life, the rest approaching to that state. In general, the provision of agrarian and industrial complex with agricultural vehicles is way below agrotechnical requirements. In the long term, farm machine engineering should focus on indicators of the technical level achieved by best samples of foreign agricultural machinery. Priority development is likely to receive the development of innovative technologies that provide a significant increase in productivity, efficiency and resource conservation in agriculture. To address the shortcomings of transport services agrarian and industrial complex we should improve transport technology with the use of transport logistics, expand and update the existing vehicle fleet, but due to the low solvency of agricultural companies and high prices for of automotive engineering, the problem of providing agricultural vehicles becomes most acute. Thus, the creation of new science-based solutions in technology and engineering for transportation farm produce in terms of Russia's AIC is the actual scientific and technical task that contributes significantly to the development of the country, as well as enhances the enjoyment of breakeven, competitive manufacturing