Name
Uspensky Ivan Alekseevich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev
Web site url
—
—
Articles count: 52
The article contains analysis of consumption of
the main natural resources and their use in the
automotive industry. It is noted that during the
manufacture of the car pollution is obtained in 2
times more than in exploitation. It defines the
essence of recycling process (autorecycling) and
its ecological components. Activity on autorecycling
was expressed through the index of recycling
efficiency. We have analyzed the global car
fleet and average annual amount of automotive
waste, million tons per year. We point out that
one of the economic components of recycling is
the use of parts and mechanisms of machines
ready for further use, by qualitative technical diagnostics
with use of diagnostics devices. The
problem of utilization technological effectiveness
of cars as set of the properties characterizing fitness
of a design to utilization at the minimum
costs of time, work, means, providing the minimum
negative impact on environment and the
maximum involvement of components of the
written-off equipment in processing or a reuse is
considered. The main definitions and factors defining
utilization technological effectiveness and
its main indicators are given. The main ways of
increasing of utilization technological effectiveness
of cars are offered and the conclusion is
drawn that simplifying dismantling of the car on
automobile components, reducing dismantle time,
time of draining of everything, the liquids and oils
applied at operation, applying environmentally
friendly materials, etc., the designer can increase
technological effectiveness of the car at utilization.
As a result of the solved task we have got
ecological and economic effect of vehicle recycling
In the world, recycling processes have recently
become more common in order to save material and
energy resources. Currently, in connection with the
level of motorization, there grew a problem of
recycling waste tires and their elements which is of great importance for many regions of the country.
Decommissioning worn tires is a source of
environmental pollution, bearing the prolonged
character; they are not a subject to biological
destruction and require constant increase of storage
facilities. There is a continuous accumulation of used
tires and we can recycle only about 20% of their
amount. Worn tires represent very large-capacity
products of polymer-containing waste, virtually
resistant to natural degradation. Therefore, the
problem of processing and secondary use, emerged
from the operation of tires is of great economic and
environmental significance. However, the worn tires
are a source of valuable secondary raw materials:
rubber, soot (essentially pure carbon), metal and
synthetic cord. 90% of all waste of rubber are tires
and represent a vast reserve of raw materials. In the
emerging in the industry nonrenew- material
resources the efficient use of secondary raw materials
is of great importance. There are improved
technologies for processing rubber goods, and the
equipment used for it
In recent years, in many countries around the
world, much attention is paid to the issues of
ensuring of rational use of energy resources,
due to a number of objective factors, chief
among which are: the lack of own energy
resources to meet domestic energy needs; the
sharp increase in the cost of production and the
production of energy resources; further growth
in energy needs; the presence of large potential
opportunities to reduce unproductive losses of
fuel and energy. In the world, the challenge
now is to ensure a gradual but steady transfer of
the economy on energy saving way of
development. To achieve the goal of reducing
energy costs we might use two ways: firstly, the
widespread introduction of energy saving
technologies, and secondly, the reduction of
material production, improving its quality and
service. In agriculture, the improvement of the
technological process can be carried out using
new tillage methods, improving the
organization of production and tools. Further
development of mechanization in agriculture
will contribute to further growth of
electrification in the agricultural sector, which
will significantly reduce the use of the most
expensive and limited energy resources. The
article offers a technique of the estimation of
the efficiency of consumption of energy in
agricultural production. In order to compare the
efficiency of machines in the cultivation and
harvesting of potatoes, there was conducted an
energy assessment of the operations of modern
technology. As variables, there were
investigated different operation modes of the
machine: working speed and working width,
depth of stroke of the working bodies. In the
process of evaluating energy operations,
modern technology to prepare the soil for
planting potatoes was determined humidity,
mechanical composition and soil type. As a
main factor in the analysis of technological
methods, we have taken the overall specific
energy consumption and specific energy
consumption for the digging below tuber
formation. Analysis of theoretical researches of
agricultural machinery has led to the conclusion
that the energy cost of implementing the
technological process in the machines of
different designs varies
In the article we have analyzed the results of measurements of pressure of gases in the combustion chamber and the fuel pressure at the inlet injector diesel D-243 at a processing frequency (acoustic and electromagnetic) fuel 17 kHz
The transportation process plays an important role in the
delivery of agricultural products to the consumer. On
how well the fruits are preserved, their grade will
depend, and, consequently, the price of them. It is
known, that the annual damage from losses of
agricultural products in the agro-industrial complex
amounts to 8 billion rubles, according to various
estimates. A large number of different factors affect the
safety of fruits during transportation: temperature,
humidity, smoothness of the vehicle, type of container,
etc. The more factors will have a negative impact on
fruit and vegetable products, the more losses will
ultimately be. The appearance of dents and abrasions on
the fruits gives rise to the formation of foci of rot,
leading to damage to the transported products, and, as a
consequence, reducing the grade. In order to reduce the
losses of fruit and vegetable products in the process of
transportation, the USSR and the Russian Federation
have been and are working on the creation of containers
and ways of transporting pomegranates. All of them, according to the authors, are able to reduce the dynamic
loads that arise during the transportation process and
have a negative impact on the transported products.
However, due to various circumstances in commercial
gardening all these developments have not been
extended
Based on the previous investigations we have underlined the need to increase fruit and vegetables preservation quality while transporting them from the producer to the consumer at the expense of improving the road transport operation for its intended purpose. We have made a conclusion about the need to develop strategies for maintenance and repair as for the actual technical state at the expense of developing the diagnosis system based on the development of a math model of changing the technical state of the diagnosis object, developing a method of rational set of objects to be diagnosed and determining the technical state optimal control frequency. We have confirmed that the above mentioned is possible when considering the system of technical operation of road transport as an organization-production system and applying the engineering-cybernetic approach to improve this system. We have considered the basic requirements for the efficiency indexes when investigating and improving the operation system that will allow achieving the aim we have had and can be described mathematically. We have made a conclusion about the urgency of the issue we studied and the possibility to develop the efficient operation system of road transport based on the provided criteria
Fruit harvesting is the final and decisive
operation in the general work plan for growing
fruit, which largely determines the qualitative
and quantitative indicators of production and
economy of industry in general. Increasing
productivity by improving the safety of fruits
and vegetables is a priority and not an easy task.
For example, the use of cleaning technologies
with the use of machinery for harvesting of
apples by shaking can significantly reduce the
time of gathering fruit compared to hand
harvesting. This technology may be applicable,
if the fruit is grown for the manufacture of
juices, jams, etc. Currently, in several European
countries and in the USA, they widely use fruit
harvesting platforms and machines. The leader
in the production of fruit harvesting platforms is
Italy. To reduce the damage to fruit in
agriculture, the analysis of the traumatic factors
is of great importance, with the analysis of
available machines and their subsequent
modernization with the aim of improving the
reliability and quality of harvesting and
transport process, taking into account of the
algorithm for solving these problems, the
creation of new varieties of fruits and
vegetables suitable for machine processing,
strict compliance with deadlines and agronomic
requirements for the performed technological
operations, taking into account the savings of
energy and resources when using mobile
technology. In addition to the modernization of
the machines for efficient operation, it is
necessary to improve also the scheme of
planting of gardens and methods of cultivation,
transfer horticulture to intensive way of
development
This article discusses the results of the studies made by the faculty and the staff of Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev confirmed with RF patents
The article examines the issues of increasing the efficiency of the system of technical operation of mobile agricultural machinery by means of monitoring the state of units and aggregates of the latter through diagnostics. The problems of complex diagnostics of diesel fuel equipment are investigated. The urgency of diagnosing a fuel injection pump without dismantling from the engine is shown from technical, economic and environmental points of view. The effect of operational malfunctions of some devices of fuel equipment on parameters of its operation as a whole is analyzed. On the basis of the analysis of diagnostic devices application, their grouping is suggested. The parameters to be studied in connection with peculiarities to decide whether it is possible to estimate the technical state of the fuel injection pump without dismantling from the internal combustion engine are indicated. Based on peculiarities of the fuel injection pump technical state estimation, a research program is developed and the results of the research are presented. Specific features of testing the fuel injection pump are indicated. Analysis of the results of the research shows that a smaller error in the change of the cyclic fuel feed rates supplied by the fuel injection sections takes place at the engine speed corresponding to the indicated power. The conclusion is made that the presented research results can be used as a basis for developing a technique (technology) for diagnosing the fuel injection pump without dismantling from the internal combustion engine
The results of theoretical studies presented in this article is intended to familiarize with perspective direction of improving quality of work potato harvesters by improving the working bodies of separation