The historical review of productive and economic position in grain and beet-root branches of agrarian and industrial complex of the Russian Federation from 1990 for 2008 is carried out. Methodological and productive and economic aspects of the developed system of the organization and management of harvest-procuring of a grain yield and sugar beet, and a problem of interdepartmental interaction are analyzed. The innovative approach to increase of efficiency of harvest-procuring in plant growing in modern conditions is offered
The modern cattle breeding in Russia is
characterized by dynamic development, development
of intensive technologies, increase in production, but
at the same time, there are problems of increase in
production of milk due to increase of dairy efficiency
of cows at the most effective manifestation of the
available level of their genetic potential. For the
solution of this problem, i.e. for genetic
improvement of dairy cattle, creation of new breeds,
intra pedigree or zone types, more than 100 thousand
of bulls with high genetics, and also 430 thousand
heifers were delivered to Russia for the last 10 years.
In this regard, the purpose of our researches was to
study the level of genetic potential of dairy cows in
breeding farms of "Nasha Rodina" of Gulkevichsky
region, Vasyurinsky milk farm of Dinsky region, the
Firm «Agrocomplex» of Vyselkovskiy region
(Gazyrskoye enterprise), "Urozhay" of Kanevskoy
region from 2000 to 2014, by using bulls of
Golshtinsky breed. Researches have shown that in
farms of the Krasnodar region producers with the
high level of potential from 10791,0 kg to 12045 kg
on milk were yield used on a breeding uterine
livestock; from 4,22 to 4,40% of fat; from 3,32 to
3,49% of protein in milk. As a result the level of
potential of daughters of bulls and cows in herds of
farms was from 7774 to 9144 kg of milk; from 3,89
to 4,05% of fat; from 3,26 to 3,67% of protein in
milk. However, genetic potential of new generation
of animals is shown not completely. It is influenced
by partial compliance of the created technological
conditions of biology of animals, and indicators of
breeding value of producers, with their prepatent
indicators. Calculations of breeding value indexes of
bulls – fathers of cows in the herd of "Urozhay" have
shown that each bull has its breeding value, an
ability to transfer the qualities to posterity. Bulls of
Golshtinsky breed of red – motley color ( Pan 2037
and Tulup 78160689), by results of comparison of
milk yields of daughters, mothers and
contemporaries, had negative prepatent indexes of
milk yield and milk protein content (according to
F.F. Eysper and V. Sidorova). The data confirm the
need of carrying out an obligatory index assessment
of bulls before their use on the farm in order to avoid receiving descendants with low dairy efficiency
The article presents the data of 40-year-old variety-trial
cultivation of hybrid black poplar and balsamic sections,
as a result of which addressed issues of selection range
of appropriate varieties, their cultivation technology,
aspects of agrotechnology and protection against pests.
At the same time, it absorbed and non-forest land
reclamation funds, in particular sandy and shell, lowhumus,
floodplain soils. As a result, the five-year variety
trials found that under the conditions of the Eastern
Azov on humus shell rock underlain by low-mineralized
groundwater on accessible depth for roots (up to 150
cm), the most highly productive and are stable clones of
Euro-American poplar: Brabantika-175, Sanrau-59, a
Moshnyi-236 and 195 , Bahel, ZS-33 Vernirubens,
60001/1, Caroline-162. In terms of growth, they are
superior to the local Canadian poplar and other varieties
of poplars. Resistance to environmental and biological
factors of the environment most highly productive
species and varieties of poplars are much higher than the
low productivity. Culture of poplar planting might create
unrooted plants directly on the silvicultural area, which
reduces the cost of rooting plants at the nursery, their
digging and transportation and provides a high survival
rate. Culture of poplar are used for the afforestation of
poor sandy forest-steppe zone arrays, often introduced as
the main breed at shelterbelt afforestation
As a result of the research conducted there have been brought forward new sorts clones having advantages over the original sorts
Vitis vinifera subsp. silvestris Gmel. is the wild subspecies of Vitis vinifera L. and an important source of genetic resources for grapes breeding. Currently, this form is very rare in the world. In this paper, conducted the first study of wild grapes which was found in the North Caucasus with the use of two microsatellite markers. The study have shown a high level of genetic diversity: intrapopulation variability was 75,2%, the interpopulation variability accounts was 24,8%. All populations are characterized by certain unique genetic structure and may be as donor of resistance genes which have a long-term evolutionary selection
In the article we have studied 55 aboriginal varieties,
collected in the North Caucasus. We have described
allelic diversity and identified four haplotypes. All the
populations were closely related while being examined
using a factor of Nei's genetic distance (Dn), with the
exception of indigenous varieties of Armenia.
Maximum differences have been found between the
Uzbek population and Astrakhan, Turkmenian,
Armenian populations. The most genetically rich were
the population of Don area and Krasnodar region
The article presents the materials of research on
studying of influence of various levels of crude fat in
the complete feed (CF) for the young geese of
Lindovskaya breed on chemical composition and
organoleptic quality of goose meat. In the
experimental groups we increased the concentration of
crude fat in the start and finish of the CF to 7.4 % and
6,85 %, respectively. As the lipid supplement, we used
sunflower oil. It is established that muscle tissue of
geese, consuming finishing CF with sunflower oil, has
a more pronounced taste, odour, tenderness and
juiciness. We may highlight the tendency to increase
the proportion of monounsaturated oleic acid, in the
background of the decrease of specific weight of
palmitic acid in the fat muscle 60 day goslings who
received the start and finish of CFs with the addition
of sunflower oil
The article reviews the results of studying the influence
of mineral fertilizers on the qualitative indices of the
Merlot grape variety in the Anapo-Taman zone of the
Krasnodar region. The technology of cultivation of
grapes on the experimental plot was in accordance with
the accepted for the given zone and culture.
Agrobiological work was carried out at the optimal
time and had a high quality of execution. Grape bushes
are laid in a 3.0 x 2.0 m pattern. Formation - a twoshoulder
horizontal cordon. On the bushes we formed
the same load of shoots and bunches. Scheme of the
experiment: option 1 – no fertilizers (control); option
2-superphosphate with a mixture of potassium salt
(P90K90) from the autumn; option 3 –nitroammofoska
(N120P120K120) from autumn; option 4 – ammonium
nitrate (N60) in early spring. Analysis of the results of
studies on the study of biological features of growth,
fruiting, yield and quality of Merlot grape varieties on the background of the use of mineral fertilizers shows
their high efficiency in the conditions of the AnapoTamanskaya
zone of the Krasnodar region and can be
recommended for use in production conditions.
Mineral fertilizers ensures the receipt of dry bulk wine
of superior quality control sample (without fertilizers)
the concentration of tartaric acid 17.3 25.1 percent,
phenolic compounds 17.1 – 40.0 %, and alcohol
content of 7.2 and 9.3 %, titratable acids 11.8 and 13.7
%, given extract by 17.4 %, with a decrease of the
mass concentration of total sulfur dioxide and pH. The
most effective is the introduction of NPK
(N120P120K120)
The study was conducted in a stationary multivariate experiment at the experimental station of Kuban State Agrarian University during eighteen years. The technology of growing winter wheat was improved by the optimization of norms of fertilizers and plant protection systems for different levels of soil fertility. Totally there were 48 technologies for growing winter wheat after and grain: corn, sunflower, sugar beet, where studied in the experiment. The best combination of high yield (77.2 t / ha) with high quality grain (nature - 789 g / l, the total vitreousness - 60%, -14.2% protein content, gluten content - 29.0%) was found under intense technology. The grain quality meets the requirements for the 2nd class. Similar productivity (yield - 76.4 t / ha, the total vitreousness - 55% protein content - 13.4% gluten content - 27.2%) was obtained in and when grown for its resource-saving technology also. All kinds of technologies for growing winter wheat studied in the experiment were profitable, but resource-saving technology was the most efficient. Net income per hectare under this technology was 31,745 rubles, and a cost of 1 quintal of grain - 284 rubles
The article is devoted to the estimation of the
dependence of perennial grass herbage’s productivity
on the dose and distribution of nitrogen fertilizers
during the vegetation, as well as from the dynamics of
the species composition by years of use. It was
revealed that for cocksfoot-timothy grass mixture an
increase in the rate of nitrogen fertilizer for every 10
kg of active ingredient leads to an increase of yield by
0.27 tons/ha. The selection of components of grass
mixtures and rational fertilizer doses forms the herbage
which provides a yield of about 7,0-12,0 tons/ha of dry
mass and 58,1-99,6 GJ of energy exchange. It is
established that competitive relations in grass mixtures
are exacerbated with increasing doses of fertilizers.
The timothy grass develops successfully in a mixture
with the cocksfoot with a low level of mineral nutrition
(N80). A high level of mineral nutrition speeds up the
formation of single-species herbage - the cocksfoot.
Meadow fescue grass provides sustainable yields on
medium and high backgrounds of mineral fertilizers in
combination with the cocksfoot. Recommendations for
a nitrogen dose of more than 200 kg per hectare for
fertilizing mixed grass crops with the cocksfoot and
about 100 kg per hectare for clover-cereals mixtures
without cocksfoot are suggested