The article discusses and explains the similarity of organizational, structural and functional «solutions» at different system stages of the evolutionary development presented in nature and society. It is shown that at any level of biological organisation transition to a new stages of evolutionary development is implemented not only via «classical» individual changes (adaptations) of the particular organisms, but also by means of: 1) integration of organisms into the new systems of «superorganisms», 2) the differentiation of their functions or the division of labor, and 3) the development of internal and external communication, integrated into the overall communication system, ranging from single cells to ecological and social communication. The article argues that the distinctive characteristic of the present stage of evolution is cumulative cultural evolution of complex social systems that support (scaffold) the development of their individuals, through learning processes. It is shown that such social systems still have structural and functional isomorphism with biological systems; however, their reproduction and transmission implemented predominantly through more developed in the human community non-genetic inheritance systems, the advanced division of labour and distributed cognition.
The article considers the main point of liberal ideology, its spontaneous connection with ideas of Enlightenment, reasons of victory of liberalism over ideological competitors. The factors, which water down the integrity of liberalism in present conditions of the Enlightenment, are analyzed, the main trends of modern modification of liberalism (libertarianism, agonal liberalism, Kantian liberalism) are considered. There were determined the possible perspectives of liberalism as a world-view in limits of which there were stated the strong positions of liberalism as a practical rootedness as well as the high popularity of ideas of Enlightenment in scientific communities
In the article, we discuss a possible
institutionalization of postnonclassic ontology. It is
shown that the nonlinearity, deterministic chaos,
fractality phenomena change classic views on
possible forms of existence, cause of nature. The
work discusses conceptual foundations of the particle
physics. This theme is examined in connection with
problem of logical and philosophical analysis of
physical language and its usage in cognitive
procedures. The article refines the modern model of
three-component structure of the Universe on the
basis of post-nonclassical consideration of the
Universe. Features of synergetic as interdisciplinary
scientific direction, the concept of a universal
evolutionism, value of information in nature
development are discussed. Methodological basis of
the process of integration of scientific knowledge is
the interdisciplinary direction of the research which
important component is the synergetic. It plays an
important role in the concept of coevolution
realization which considers mutual relation of the
person and the nature, the micro- and the megaworld.
The article demonstrates that having
revealed the laws of functioning of complexly
evolutionizing, nonlinear systems, synergetic thus
posed the fundamental questions of both
epistemological and ideological and value nature.
Conceptual shifts occurring in cognition open up the
new sides in the interpretation of not just order and
disorder but also the categories they generate
THE PROBLEM OF READING AND WRITING IN THE CONTEXT OF A POETICS AND PRAGMATICS OF PHILOSOPHICAL TEXTS
The article considers the problem of reading and
writing that is topical for the modern philosophy of
the text. Philosophical text in modern humanitarian
science is considered from the perspective of two of
its functions – poetic and pragmatic. The poetic
function of the text related to the structure of the text
and the cultural and social role of the author in the
process of "production". The pragmatic function of
the text assumes its "consumption" by the reader, as
well as the process of communication between author
and reader. This article describes the results of
research "the author function" in the humanitarian
culture of the twentieth century. Modern analysts,
such as R. Barthes, M. Foucault and Eco are talking
about the "death of the author", so the term “letter”
replaces the concept of text in modern culture. In this
regard, the role of the reader increases, not only as a
"recipient" of the text, but also as his collaborator.
The reader interprets the text, providing the space of
its cultural consumption and reproduction in modern
society. The key mechanism for such reproduction
can be called "hypertext" because it corresponds to
the understanding of the text from the perspective of
structuralism, and from the perspective of modern
information society. In the article we make a
conclusion about the necessity of further research in
this direction
A clarification and interpretation of the philosophical
meaning of the "learned ignorance" doctrine, viewed
from an aspect of a history of philosophy, involves a
necessity to educe a genetic and essential relationship
between the "learned ignorance" principle and the
apophatic tradition of thought. The article describes
the genesis of the "docta ignorantia" principle: it
appeared in a context of theology as a method for
attaining of the knowledge of God. It is this concept
that often forces researchers to restrict the epistemic
potential of the "learned ignorance" principle, leaving
it in limits of negative theology and mystics. However
after investigating the difference between the
philosophical and the religious understanding of
theology the authors of the article interpret the
paradigm of the "learned ignorance" to be a
fundamental philosophic principle of thought and
cognition. Nowadays it is widely accepted, that the
paradigm of the "learned ignorance" in it's classical
form originates from the apophatic tradition. The
article points out, that the representative examples of
apophaticism, which could be found in the christian
theology, on the one hand, were based on a solid
philosophic tradition (predominantly platonic and
neoplatonic), and on the other hand, did not complete a
spread in a world philosophic thought of a definite
(apophatic) tradition, which had an intimate
connection with the paradigm of the "learned
ignorance", postulating as it's main intention a
seemingly paradoxical comprehension of the Absolute,
supposed to be absolutely incomprehensible.
The results of the scientific research in a field, thus
defined, are presented briefly in this article
The article studies the works of the theorists of postindustrial
and information concepts of the society’s
development. The author thoroughly examines the role
of these paradigms in shaping perceptions of the
modern socio-cultural space. He notes the high
prognostic value of the studies for understanding the
phenomenon of the Network society. The author draws
attention to the fact that they cannot fully describe the
current state of social space and do not have the
required methodological diversity. It is noted that new
ways of thinking and organizing objects of the virtual
environment are required. According to the author, it is
important to designate the information as one of the
priority components of the transformation process in
society. Technology and the Internet mediated
communication creates a new type of social relations,
switching attention to the creation of social
communications as a play environment of interactions.
Compression of the space-time continuum described in
terms of information and global social space
redirection, helps to comprehend the locality, mosaic
and fragmentation of the occurring type of sociality.
This phenomenon appears due to the involvement of
individuals in the total communication system that
turns out to be the cultural manipulation, affecting the
needs and behavior in all spheres of life, as the
information acquires the ability to program. Internet
creates the illusion of fullness of socially demanded
actions and expectations. The article shows that the
interest in the phenomenon of image reality is
increasingly growing among the social thinkers, who
see it as the future state of the social space. The author
draws attention to the fact that the development of the
online world is defined by the main task of the modern
human sciences, the solution of which is carried out by
the ordering and value ranging the virtualization
phenomena, by the optimization of methods of control
over the interaction of real and virtual realities
The article aims to reveal general and specific features in the mentality of students of different nations. The author comes to the conclusion that knowledge of mentality of students of different nationalities is a precondition for their successful learning in the multicultural environment of the military institution, the effective interaction with the faculty
This article reviews interpretative position of
prominent German philosopher and psychologist Erich
Fromm on mass men destructiveness analysis. As a
rule, to reach a goal of well-balanced embedding into
consumer society structure, mass man passes through
stages of deindividualization and common averaging
by accepting prescribed general postulates of society’s
authorities. Nevertheless, own personality refusal and
‘rules of the game’ following adduct to moral
degradation, which causes destructiveness
phenomenon. Out of socio-political regimen,
destructiveness appears in attempts of ‘freedom
escape’ by any possible means. Totalitarian regimen
ideologically steers mass men through total subjection
to defined life track by agreement of individuality
sacrifice. Democratically-minded consumer societies
require deindividualization and partly rights pinching
in exchange of status consumption system integration.
Any patterns of counteraction to these system
processes are commenced by personal activity
manifestation and motivation in reaching own goals.
However, conformist majority is meant to live
according to ideologically defined society rules
The anthropologism is traditionally considered the
main feature of Russian philosophy. The article
reviews some anthropological ideas that have received
natural development in such direction of thought as
philosophical realism in the 2nd part of XIX century.
Philosophical realism is positioned as a trend that has
emerged within the mainstream of the basic traditions
of Russian philosophy. It is noted that this direction is
defined as an independent, in the wake of the
strengthening of Russian science as a new cognitive
paradigm. Substantively, philosophical realism is
presented with the theories and concepts of the natural
sciences developed in the 2nd part of XIX century.
The realistic outlook, ripening in the Science
environment, not only supported the anthropological
tradition of Russian thought but put them on a
scientific basis. It was dominated by the view that only
by using scientific methods can reveal the objective
laws of coexistence between man, nature and society.
The article deals with the anthropological theories of
Russian thinkers such as A.N. Radishchev,
A.I. Galich, N.G. Chernyshevsky. The anaysis shows
that realistic outlook in the natural sciences in the area
of human theory relies on the principles of integrity,
panmoralizm, cosmism. The conclusion is that the
philosophical concepts by realistic scientists are out of
attention of modern scholars. In the meantime, the
study of these theories can make a significant
contribution to the practical experience of
comprehension of reality, as well as help to discover
new sides of the domestic, national philosophy
The article solves a problem of correlation of different
forms of cognition such as philosophy and religion in
the ontological process, which is refers as a dialectical
unity of the becoming of being and thinking. The
definition of the logical form of the individual stages
of cognition appears possible only in
case that they are the special forms of determination of
the universal form of being, which for them is a
universal content. The special definition of the
universal form of being through certain forms of
cognition is a logical necessity ontological process. Its
subdividing into three stages is mediated by exact
historical incarnation of three logical forms, which in
the sphere of cognition correspond: art/myth;
religion/science; philosophy. On the basis of the
identity of the content of philosophy and religion,
which is the universal form of being, it is argued that
their identity is at the last stage of the becoming of
culture is the result of realization of this form in the
idea of concrete identity. Its concrete manifestation in
all aspects of being and thinking completes itself an
ontological process, turning it into the system, which is
infinitely determined by the logical form. The idea of
concrete identity, which is the ideal purpose and actual
result of a becoming of being, leaving nothing in it
abstract and indeterminate, fully expresses itself in
ideal by the form, the universal notion. Since in the
notion of the subject and object, thinking and being,
the spirit and the nature they completely coincide, then
the universal notion is a concrete manifestation of the
universal subject – the absolute person, eternally
united in all their attributes. The concept of the idea of
concrete identity, arising not only in philosophy, but
also in religion – in an image of the absolute person,
by means of their associations at the highest stage of
development, reaches the limit point of its definition