The wide variety of microorganisms has been identified in many wine-making countries on the berries of grapes. These are yeasts of different families, forms and kinds, bacterium, mold fungi. In the article, we present the results of investigating species composition of microflora of berries of white and red types of grape, which grows in different economies of the Krasnodar region and the republic of Abkhaziya. The sowings onto the elective media were conducted for the development of entire spectrum of yeast. The grown colonies after preliminary microscoping were separated into the cultures and subjected to testing according to the culturalmorphological signs, being guided by determinants and benefits. It was established the specific variety of microflora on the surface of the berries of grapes of all investigated types, without dependence on the place of their growth. Obtained data showed that the group of yeast, which constantly is present in the complex of the epiphytic microorganisms of grapes of Saccharomyces, Pichia, Hansenula, Hanseniaspora was characteristic for all types of grapes in all investigated regions. The heterogeneity of the taxonometric composition of microflora is shown. Prevailed yeasts were of family Saccharomycetaceae, form Saccharomyces vini. A quantity of yeast of Saccharomyces vini decreases in a number of Myskhako-Caucasus-Fanagoriya, that as a whole will be coordinated with the climatic conditions. Only the type of Pinot nuar grapes had yeasts of Brettanomyces Dekkera. On the berries of Cabernets and Karaburnu we have discovered yeasts of Schisosaccharomyces acidodevoratus, causing acid-reduction. On the berries of the grapes, which grew in joint stock company APF “Fanagoriya” we haven’t revealed the presence of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus brevis and yeasts of the form of Schisosaccharomyces acidodevoratus. In the same farm the smallest quantity of yeastswreckers is noted, which we the forms of Pichia and Candida. In the microflora of Cabernets, Risling and, especially, Karaburnu grapes, we have found lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis. Lactobacillus plantarum. Among the bacteria the total quantity of coccic flora composes - 56 %, the rod-shaped - 44 %. Two types of active acetous bacteria are identified – Acetobacter aceti and Acetobacter xelinum. Especially high was their surface concentration on the berries of Kachich type of grapes
The article presents the results obtained in the
process of two scientific-practical experiments
carried jut on two milk cows (Shvitskay breed)
aimed at the antioxidants detoxication properties and
mould inhibitor revealing. This factor is actual in the
Republic of North Ossetia-Alania as the intensive
technologies of the fodder crops cultivation using the
nitrate fertilizers are widely applied in the region
leading to the excess nitrates and nitrite penetration
into the animals’ organism. During the first
experiment, the antioxidants of epophen and vitamin
C were added into the ration of the lactating cows
with the subtoxic dosage of nitrates both separately
and in complex. The complex feeding proved to
increase the milk productivity, the fat mass and
protein mass in milk while reducing the fodder
expenditure per product unit. Beside, the lactating
cows revealed the digestive and intermediate
exchange betterment and the reduction of nitrates
and nitrites level in blood. The second experiment
helped to study Khadoks antioxidant and mould
inhibitor called Mold-Zap efficiency use for the
nitrates and aflotoxicin B1 detoxication. The
researches showed that the complex admixtures of
the said preparations introduction into the rations of
the animals increased the milk productivity, fat and
protein content and reduced aflatoxineM1 content.
The cows activated the digestive and intermediate
exchange, accompanied with the nitrates and nitrites
level reduction in the organism
The article deals with the historical aspect of the formation of microbial-plant relationships. We study the details of the way the separate form components of the system "Microorganisms-plant" in the course of evolution. The research is based on the historical analysis of the interactions between microorganisms and plants. As a result of interactions a microbial-plant complex is formed. The article describes some types of interactions between microorganisms and plants. In general, various forms of symbiosis are components of a single evolutionary continuum
The article presents the results of the research of microflora composition of the leaf surface, the surface of fruit and flowers of Ribes nigrum, R. niveum, R . rubrum and Grossularia reclinata. The research was carried out in the seasonal dynamics from 2007 to 2014. The authors used the method of print for isolating microorganisms from plants. For convenience of calculations and contamination comparison of different environmental niches of plants the number of selected microorganisms was counted on the surface of 1 cm2. It was found out in the article that microorganisms on the surface of lamina are distributed unequally. The number of microorganisms on the bottom surface of the foliage in all periods turned out to be higher. The greatest number of microorganisms was recorded in autumn and reaches the highest value in October. The number of microorganisms on fruit surface increased with ripening and was the highest in July. The quantity on the flowers varies considerably throughout the flowering and is represented minimally compared to other plants niches. The study revealed species-specificity of microorganisms and the host plants. At the same time, long-term study of the microflora of plants belonging to one family made it possible to reveal species that are typical epiphytes
Soil degradation (erodere – eat away, lat.) - a process
when pieces of rocks and soil are separated from their
initial location. Then transferred and deposited in
some new place. The factors of erosion are water,
wind, landslides, rock particles and etc. Erosion is the
process of destruction and demolition of the soil cover
(or parent rocks) by flows of water or wind which
causes depletion of fertile top soil layer. The destruction
of this layer occurs quickly, and for its restoration
thousand years are required. Reduction of soil fertility
is one of the main problems that are associated with
its pollution. Erosion is a natural process that occurs
very slowly ever since the Earth was formed (about
45-50 billion years ago). Realistically, mountains,
valleys, plains and deltas on the Earth's surface have
been created by water and wind erosion as a result of
their joint action over a long period of time. Geological
erosion was acted at a slow pace for hundreds of
years. When humans appeared it occurred to be an
invasion of species which could transform their natural
environment. An artificial type of erosion, which
acts much faster than the natural erosion, was formed
because of human
At present, the cultivation of agricultural products is on a level where the growth of productivity and quality is only possible by using the latest achievements of science. Scientists have been developing elements of agro-technologies of complex applications of growth regulators, fungicides and fertilizers in growing winter wheat, providing a significant increase in productivity and quality of agricultural products, reduction of labor costs, energy and all kinds of resources, sustainable harvesting, even in the zone of risky agriculture. Plant growth regulators have multifunctional properties, which are expressed in the regulation of plant growth and development, and in increasing their resilience to adverse weather conditions and many diseases. However, despite the fact that there are many examples of extremely high economic efficiency of plant growth regulators, in terms of production and use of pesticides are much inferior. Retardants and defoliants are used more widely. However, low rates of regulators and elicitors, the ability to manage with their help the growth and development of plants; change the resistance of plants to various external factors determines their prospects. We propose to apply the "agrochemical cocktails." It will induce the systemic plant resistance to the whole growing season, which is not possible in the case of using only one of the fungicides and bactericides. It is necessary to take into account the features of the functioning of the immune system of plants and to develop technological methods of influence on the key stages of the immune response of plants
The article provides an overview of the phytosanitary condition of crops for 2011-2014 g in the Krasnodar region. In recent years, we can observe increasing of the crop losses from pests and diseases of plants. The using of different pesticides in intensive cultivation technologies of winter wheat can’t resist this. Pathogenic microorganisms acquire resistance to drugs used and become more aggressive. This creates a lot of environmental problems. Plants are almost always under environmental stress. However, it is impossible to refuse of pesticides. And they are not able to observe the immune system of the plant, and in some cases inhibit it. The present level of development of science has led to the emergence of new methods of plant protection, which is based on increasing of the capacity of the immune plants, rather than the destruction of pathogens, as in the case of the use of pesticides. We propose to apply so called "agrochemical cocktails"
Studying the situation and the impact on mountain landscapes of Caucasus allows by means of measurements to establish the most important sources of pollution, to identify the main forms of pressure (emissions, solid wastes, etc.) on the natural landscapes and agricultural systems, to develop a monitoring program with allocation the main objectives and most important tasks of its implementation. The main purpose of monitoring – is to collection of basic information, which will be aimed at addressing specific environmental problems for improvement soil cover on northern slopes of Caucasus and protect it from water erosion. The monitoring program allows getting information, which is due specific problem and conditions of certain area. The main tasks of monitoring the soil cover of northern slopes include concrete achievements in solving problems. At the beginning of monitoring follows determine the range of issues under study. More than often limited resources strictly dictate the need to reduce of measurement program, but always save quality of received material. For solving this problem we have to define the polygons of monitoring and select the objects that are affected by anthropogenic and natural factors. Considering defined technique, it is possible to evaluate the direction of development of particular ecosystem under the influence of a specific mode of action
The expression of nine candidate genes for
QTL abdominal fat weight and relative abdominal fat content was investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the liver, adipose tissue, colon, muscle, pituitary gland and brain of broilers. The high mobility group AT hook1 (HMG1A) gene was up-regulated in liver with aratio of means of 2,90 (P≤0,01) in the «fatty» group (relative abdominal fat content 3,5±0.18%, abdominal fat weight 35,4±6,09 g) relative to the «lean» group (relative abdominal fat content 1,9±0,56%, abdominal fat weight 19,2±5,06 g). Expression of this gene was highly correlated with the relative abdominal fat content (0,70, P≤0,01) and abdominal fat weight (0,70, P≤0,01). The peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) gene was also up-regulated in the liver with a ratio of means of 3,34(P≤0,01) in the «fatty» group relative to the «lean» group. Correlation of its expression was significant with both the relative abdominal fat content (0,55, P≤0,05) and the abdominal fat weight (0,57, P≤0,01). These data obtained and the data of references will allow the statement that the HMG1A, PPARG and FABP2 genes were candidate genes for abdominal fat deposition in chickens. Searching of rSNPs in regulatory regions of thesegenes could provide a tool for gene-assisted selection
The article describes the history of the institute called "Magarach" and the formation of the world's ampelographic collections in the Crimea and Kuban, provides data on the genetic diversity of the original parent Crimean collection of grape, carries out the impact of its long-term ampelo-breeding and genetic work. We have found the best ampelo-genetic rennets, both in the Crimea (zoned in Russia and abroad varieties of Academician Avidzba, Pervanets Magaracha, Jubilee Magarach, Antei magarachsky, Nimrang ustoichivii, Podarok Magaracha, Riesling Magaracha Novoukrainsky Rannii, Granatovii Magaracha, Krymchanin, Rkatsiteli Magaracha, Spartanets Magaracha, Tavkveri Magaracha, Citronnii Magaracha, promising varieties Livya, Solnetchnaja grozd, etc..) and in the Kuban region. Magarach ampelographic collection was and still is the parent of many national collections of gene pools of, the former Soviet republics, including the Russian Federation as well: Anapa ampelographic collection in the North Caucasus NIISiV has 3356 samples collected from 41 countries, including ones from the institute of "Magarach" (about 40%). Using its base we had a comprehensive biological and economic evaluation of the outstanding genotypes for ampelo-genetic and clonal selection – such as zoned Bogotyanovsky, Helios, Dolgogdannii, Kubattik, Libya K, Arathi, Preobragenie, Rochefort K, Chrizolit, Citrine, Anthracite, promising varieties Annie, Baikonur, Gourmet Kra, Memory Master Nesvet Gift, Jubilee Novocherkasska, etc.