Pneumatic grain seeders with a central dosing system have high productivity due to the presence of a large centralized hopper, as well as a large width of capture. However, they cannot always ensure an even distribution of seeds between coulters. The article performs an analysis of designs of sowing machines. The influence of the angle of rotation of the air mixture in the tap on the drop in seed speed is studied. We also obtained the equation of seed velocity at turns of pneumatic lines of pneumatic seeders. Branches were analytically studied, the outer walls of which were described by various equations in a rectangular coordinate system. Optimal are bends, the contour of the outer wall of which is outlined by the curves of the power function. Analysis of such curves indicates that the optimal curve that provides the smallest meeting angles is a cubic parabola. Based on the considered analytical materials, we found that when developing a pneumatic scheme for transporting seeds of grain crops to the distributor, it is necessary to avoid using taps with horizontal to vertical and from vertical to horizontal
High-strength steels are used to increase the reliability of potato harvesters. With the advent of new materials and new technologies in agricultural engineering, it is possible to significantly reduce the mass of working bodies, to reduce energy costs. The elastic system of the composite elevator bar, unbalanced by the impact of the component of the potato heap, is in oscillatory motion. An increase in the height of the fall, and hence the speed of collision with the bar of the component of the potato heap, determines the amount of deflection of the composite bar. During vibrations, in addition to static deformations, dynamic ones are added, depending on the magnitude of the impact force. It was established that a bar made of composite material should have the following parameters: elastic modulus E = 55000 MPa; the diameter of the composite bar d = 0,012 m
A mathematical description of the potentials of mass-transfer of hygroscopic materials is possible on the basis of analytical expressions describing sorption and desorption isotherms. Because of the complex nature of the interaction of colloidal capillary-porous materials with moisture, determined by the action other than sorption forces (physical sorption, absorption, chemisorption), capillary condensation forces and osmotic forces, which for different materials are specific and quantitatively different, to date There is no single universal dependence for the analytical description of isotherms of sorption and desorption. Accordingly, there is a wide variety of analytical expressions for the description of isotherms of sorption and desorption. There are many different methods of analytical description of the sorption properties of colloidal capillary-porous materials. All known methods can be divided into two groups: the first should include analytical expressions derived theoretically on the basis of various hypotheses and assumptions, while the second - purely empirical based on the expansion or change in the forms of models of the first group. A large number of equations of equilibrium isotherms are mathematically equivalent. Thus, the method of determining the transport potential based on position allows us to take as a basis for calculation the experimental data on the hygroscopic properties of certain materials and to use the phenomenological approach for the engineering calculation of complex technical devices
To create the collection of Syringa vulgaris L. cultivars, the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CSBG SB RAS) has received from Dr. Z.I. Luchnik green cuttings of 30 cultivars of domestic and foreign selection from the collection of the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia named after M.A. Lisavenko, Barnaul (Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology – FASCA now). Currently, the collection of Syringa vulgaris in CSBG SB RAS has 26 cultivars of 116 tested ones, most resistant to the conditions of Novosibirsk city. The base of CSBG SB RAS’ collection forms 22 cultivars got from Z. I. Luchnik. Descriptions of 3 rare of common lilac cultivars ‘Altaiyskaya rozovaja’, ‘Dafna’ and ‘Kruzhevnitsa’ by Siberian selection of the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia named after M.A. Lisavenko from the collection of CSBS SB RAS are given. Lilac's cultivars from the collection of the CSBG were transferred in the collections of the "Kuzbass Botanical Garden", of the Human Ecology Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kemerovo), to the Botanical Garden of Irkutsk State University, as well as to the Botanical Gardens of Greater Nansi and the University of Lorraine (France). Our introduced cultivars were planted in the Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk and Chaoyang (Liaoning Province, China)
Une enquête et une étude parasitaire des caprins ont été réalisées dans les trois provinces du Nord du Burundi appartenant aux régions naturelles de Bweru, Bugesera, Buyenzi et Mugamba. L’étude montre que le système extensif combinant le gardiennage et l’attachement au piquet vient en première positon (44%) par rapport au pâturage au piquet (28%).
Les résultats montrent que 75,84% des éleveurs font l’élevage des caprins spécialement pour les vendre, 22,15 % pour la production du fumier et 2,01% pour l’autoconsommation. L’enquête sur 424 chèvres pendant la saison pluvieuse et sur 538 chèvres pendant la saison sèche effectuée sur 150 ménages montre une dominance des caprins de race locale (78,4%) par rapport aux races exotiques et croisées (21,6%). L’analyse coprologique a montré la présence des strongles gastro-intestinaux de genres Ostertagia, Chabertia, Haemoncus, Paramphistomum, Nematodirus, Bunostomum, Dictyocaulus, Oesophagostomum, Trichostrongulus, Cooperia, Diclocoelus et le genre Toxocola. Les genres Ostertagia et Chabertia étant dominants avec 20.10% et 18.76% respectivement. Les jeunes chèvres de moins d’une année étant significativement plus infestées par les strongles gastro-intestinaux que les chèvres adultes (p< 0.05). Ce parasitisme gastro-intestinal affecte négativement l’économie des éleveurs par des dépenses liées aux traitements. Il se traduit aussi par une réduction de leur croissance voire une mortalité lors d’infestation forte et influence négativement sur le gain du poids de l’animale et sa croissance en générale (p=0.001)
The article gives results of a comparative study of the growth and development of young cattle of Holstein breed belonging to the Reflection Sovering and Vis Baidial lines, born with the method of transplantation of embryos, and their coevals born with a standard method. Technology of growing of young cattle in both groups was identical, accepted in the economy. During suckling period, the heifers got 300 kg of full-milk. During a period from 3 to 8 months, they were contained in cages for small group maintenance, from an 8 month age, they were contained loose, on pasture grounds. Living mass and average daily increases of experimental heifers changed differently. The rates of height and average daily increases in an experimental group turned out to be higher, than for coevals of the control group. It is proved by the researches, that heifers born with the method of transplantation of embryos are equal to ones who were born with a traditional method in the rates of height and development and even excel coevals at the certain periods. In the age of the first insemination, living mass of heifers of the experimental group was 365 kg, which was 14 kg more compared to coevals of the control group. In all studied age-related periods, heifers of the experimental group excelled coevals of the control group in average daily increases. From their birth and up to 14-th month age, exceeding on increases was 37gr; to the age of the first insemination, heifers of the experimental group were more developed. Taking into account the genetic potential in heifer embryos and their best height and development, it proves the expediency of the use of transplantation of embryos
This article is devoted to the study of the species structure of helminths of the American mink, raccoon and wolf, conducted from 2006 to 2017. The study was subjected to 69 corpses of American mink - 30 of reed-bed, 22 flat, 17 of the Piedmont; 42 dead raccoon to 21 of the foothill and mountain; 24 corpse of the wolf - 8 from overflow land, foothill and mountain landscape-geographical zones of the Northwest Caucasus. The analysis of the results of the study showed that the determining factor in the formation of helminthocenoses of American mink, raccoon and wolf is the species structure of trophic-epizootic chains, the links of which are these predators, as well as species that act as intermediate, additional and reservoir hosts. Feature of helminthiases in carnivorous mammals is determined by a group of fodder. A dynamic increase in the number of species in the structure of helminthocenoses of American mink, raccoon and wolf was established, which is due to the anthropogenic transformation of natural ecosystems, violation of historical biotic relationships, including in the "parasite-host" system. The analyzed species of wild carnivores are involved in the support and formation of natural foci of such hazardous parasites as metros, Alaris, pseudamphistomum, mesocestoides, echinococcosis, trichinosis, dirofilariosis
The article presents the results of a study of the features of growth and development of young bulls in the conditions of Central Yakutia when mineral feed additives are included in their rations. The scientific experience was carried out on the basis of the cattle-breeding farm "Churapcha". For the experiment were selected bullhead Hereford breed at the age of 7 months. Experimental groups of animals were formed by the method of analogues. Such indicators as age, live weight, fatness, physiological state were taken into account. The control group of bulls received the main ration. In comparison with the control group, analogs with I experimental group, in addition to the basic ration, received zeolite 0.5 g / kg body weight, 150 g sapropel and 0.04 g potassium iodide. The animals of the II experimental group received, in addition to the basic ration of zeolite hongurin, at a dose of 0.7 g / kg body weight, 200 g of sapropel with 10 g of copper sulphate. The duration of scientific experience - 7 months. Studies have shown that the addition to the diet of mineral feed additives has influenced the growth and development of bulls. So, when the age of 15 months was reached, according to the compactness index, the bulls of the control group were slightly inferior to their peers by 0.9 % compared to the first experimental group and 5.8 % to the second experimental group. According to the massiveness index, gobies of the I and II experimental groups exceeded the gobies of the control group by 0.5 % and 0.3 %. Upon reaching the age of 15 months on the index of compactness, the bulls of the experimental groups had the best indicators
As the result of introduction research of Dagestan endemic Allium gunibicum under mountain conditions seed productivity variability data were obtained. An analysis of the data revealed significant difference in seed productivity performance of samples (inflorescence mass, seed mass, mass of 100 seeds, fruit number, ovules number, number of seeds, percentage of fruit bloom, seeds formation coefficient) among themselves both within one-year research and annually. The analysis showed that under the introduction with the same conditions the mean values of seed productivity characteristics decrease together with increasing of the sea level of collecting locations; at the same time, a mass of 100 seeds increases. The most variable factors were found out. They are seed mass in inflorescence, seed number in inflorescence, seeds formation coefficient. And the steadiest factors are a percentage of fruit bloom and mass of 100 seeds. As the result of the one-way analysis of variance a significant influence of the altitude above the sea level and slope disposition were discovered
The purpose of the study was to substantiate the rigid parameters of tyres in propulsion units for the combine harvesters of high performance. A research method is analytical with the use of a mathematical model of the combine harvester in which damping and rigidity of the drive axle tyres in circumferential and radial directions are taken into account. Values of the rational rigid characteristics of the pneumatic tyre have been generally determined by the ability of the tyre to be deformed so that to reduce the angular, vertical and horizontal skeleton oscillations of a combine harvester to ensure the high-quality technological process of the threshing and harvesting. The specified circumstance gains the special importance at the development and introduction of the new tyre modes for the combine harvesters of high performance. The analysis of the conducted analytical researches has been showed the expediency of using the threads of a cord in the propulsion unit of combine harvesters instead of diagonal or radial tyres of the same standard size with an original position of them. The offered pneumatic tyre of 30.5E-32 used as the leading one, and promotes the reduction of the angular oscillation amplitude and operating speed of a combine and also angular and vertical accelerations up to 1.42 times