In their previous works, the authors solved the problem of cognitive structuring and formalization of the subject area, as well as the synthesis and verification of system-cognitive models. This work is devoted to the problem of forecasting the impact of the nomenclature and sales volumes on the profit and profitability of a trading company
Progress in crop production depends on many factors; including the important measure is the protection from pathogenic microorganisms. Various chemicals are used to control phytopathogens, such as natural and artificially synthesized ones. Natural compounds are more environmentally friendly, in most cases less toxic and quickly destroyed. The purpose of this work was to find strains of actinobacteria that have antifungal activity and are considered by us as possible sources of antifungal compounds for agricultural purposes. We selected 10 strains of actinobacteria that were isolated from typical regions of Russia. These strains were active against the fungal test strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae RIA 259 and Aspergillus niger INA 00760 when deep cultured. To determine the activity of selected actinobacteria against phytopathogenic fungi, 6 strains isolated from affected plants were used as tests. Morphological and genetic analysis methods have shown that the selected actinobacteria strains belong to two genera and are represented by the following species: Nocardia soli, Streptomyces antibioticus, S. bottropensis, S. chartreusis, S. chromofuscus, S. hydrogenans (2 isolates), S. lusitanus, S. netropsis, S. peucetius. Phytopathogenic fungi are represented by the following species: Fusarium armeniacum (2 isolates), Fusarium culmorum, Alternaria tenuissima (2 isolates), Bipolaris sorokiniana. As a result, it was found that under conditions of submerged cultivation on nutrient media, actibacteria form substances that inhibit the growth of all phytopathogenic tests used in the experiment. The representatives of species N. soli INA 01217, S.chromofuscus INA 01211, S. lusitanus INA 01218, S. netropsis INA 01190 and S. peucetius INA 01255 have not been described as having antifungal activity previously, so we consider them to be the most promising for chemical research to identify new antifungal antibiotics
This article is devoted to a problem of effective management of a financial and economic condition of companies on the example of the enterprises of oil products supply. We consider questions of support of adoption of management decisions which concern stabilization of a financial condition of the company and as a result of decrease in financial risks. The article also provides a description of the program complex called FESP_ON developed by the authors allowing to carry out the profound complex assessment of a financial and economic condition of Societies of oil products supply
Production and processing of grains formed in the national economic system of the country a number of cereals-governmental sectors, such as grain production, grain elevator industry, flour, cereals and mixed fodder production, which constitute the grain complex country. The significance and role of the grain as a commodity in the state economy can not be overestimated. This product is totally liquid, which has a constant, steady demand at any time of the year, in any region. Ongoing measures to increase grain production and improve its implementation did not have a complex character, therefore, insignificant effect on the efficiency of the industry and the competitiveness of grain production. The shortage was covered by imports. According to the characteristics of management in agriculture, it should be emphasized that the absence of objective and timely information at all stages of production of the plant-breeding, and as a result, non-optimal choice of technology of cultivation of agricultural crops, might result in the fact that the cost of labor and material resources increases significantly, the company does not receive profits, and sometimes suffers losses. When selecting cultivation technology for agricultural crops, an agronomist has a database of more than a hundred times-personal of alternative technologies for each crop. It is up to the decision-maker (DMP) to find specific criteria to select the most suitable (for the owners and the climatic zone) technology of cultivating for the culture. These circumstances explain the relevance of in-depth research of economic and mathematical models and methods of analysis and evaluation of the economic efficiency of technologies of cultivation agricultural crops. The article deals with the process of developing a complex of mathematical models and methods for evaluating alternative technologies for agricultural production (using the example of crop production), their software implementation, and the main scientific results of the project
The main component of agricultural production is machinery, which is a complex technical system (harvesters, agricultural machines, tractors, cars, etc.). The practice of operation of technically complex machines shows that, in general, the process of replacing worn parts and working devices of agricultural machinery with new ones prevails, and the number of restored products is small. However, experience shows that the technological process of restoration of machine parts allows you to get high quality surfaces of such parts and reduce the cost of repair. One of effective methods of restoration of surface layers of details is gas-flame spraying with the subsequent laser reflow. The article presents the results of the study of the zone of thermal influence in steels U8A and St3, as well as the influence of laser reflow regimes on its microhardness in these steels. It is established that the higher the laser power and the lower the speed of movement of the optical head, the larger the size of the thermal influence zone. Conversely, the lower the power of the laser and the higher the speed of movement of the head, the smaller the size of the zone of thermal influence. The power of the laser and the speed of movement of the optical head slightly affect the value of microhardness. It was also noted that promising areas in the field of restoration of parts of agricultural machines laser welding are: a scientific rationale for the selection of powders; the study of regularities of changes of the microstructure parts, regularities of formation of layers; development of modes and justification of regimes of welding; and, ultimately, the development process of restoring the specific parts
The article presents the results of microclonal reproduction and recovery of native grape varieties, the creation of basic nursery. In addition to the culture of apical meristems, we have developed a chemotherapy using salicylic acid. A method of decontamination of plants from mycoplasma infection has also been developed, which includes the introduction of the antibiotic Cefotaxim in the nutrient environment at a concentration of 50 to 450 mg/L, depending on the degree of infection of plants. Adding to the nutrient medium of the drug Emistim reduces the death of meristems from infection by 3-5 times, improves their differentiation. The use of the drug Melafen helps to improve morphogenesis and quality characteristics of plants. The high survival rate of meristems during adaptation to non-sterile conditions has been noted. Biological testing on herbaceous indicators showed no chronic diseases. Plants after adapting to non-sterile conditions are planted, in the form of vegetative seedlings with a closed rootsystem, on the basic nursery. The survival rate of plants was 70-80%, in some varieties it is higher: 96.4% (Sypun black) - 98.6% (Krestovsky). It has been proved that in vitro clonal microbreeding there is no change at the genetic level even after 8 years of cultivation, which confirms the reliability of the developed technology of reproduction and recovery of native grape varieties in vitro
The article considers an approach to managing the production process in agriculture based on modeling and evaluation of added value chains. The work has proposed a scheme of links for the production chain of added value creation that contains source control and financing cash flow which comes first in the link of agricultural production, then produced products are supplied to the accumulator, and from there it sequentially passes through the links of the value chain of the cyclic processing facilities, from which finished products are marketed and the resulting revenue is directed to the source of funding and management. We have given mathematical descriptions of the movement of financial and material flows in the links of the developed value chain, and mathematical models for calculating the volume of material and financial flows are proposed. Financial flows were also investigated to compensate for the cost of converting material flows and their mathematical descriptions. The article obtains a mathematical model of the economic efficiency of the production process and proposes a mathematical model for calculating the minimum price for socially significant processing products
The article deals with the complexity of the construction of engineering theories in both scientific and practical direction based on the use of non-traditional approach to the problems of effective data monitoring, especially in the field of control systems of multicomponent representation of objects of system analysis. The study of the complexity of this issue involves a detailed consideration of the relationships of the elements of these objects on the basis of known methods, while the integration of heterogeneous knowledge obtained by such often independent methods becomes very time-consuming and poorly formalized. Currently, the processing of information and its subsequent presentation have changed significantly through the use of data mining (IAD), which includes not only the organization of the knowledge system in various missile defense, but also in the field of DSS. This, in turn, contributes to the effective formalization of fuzzy information and processing it in the form of fuzzy algorithms, which is an extension of the decision support system based on fuzzy logic – DSS NL. At the same time, it is necessary to emphasize the features of the proposed approach of the DSS NL, which is that it can be used in various missile defense systems, including for the effective analysis of statistical information of multicomponent representation of objects, which is used in determining statistical indicators to identify and assess existing and potential risks, adverse situations, as well as in the preparation of motivational grounds for managerial decision-making. For the purpose of more detailed establishment in real missile defense of the relations between objects it is offered to carry out by means of various degrees of dependence. For example, the types of graded connections are considered as fuzzy objective connections, and the use of expert systems and semantic links led to the construction of hypotheses analysis of situations and semantic relationship between them. A significant difference of the considered DSS NL is that each model is formed on the basis of a separate semantic network, and the system itself works with several models of Pro related or unrelated to each other. On the basis of the use of the concept of the relationship of proximity between concepts, belonging to the situation, its information part of the recommendations Are grouped according to the selected situation for their subsequent analysis and decision-making. On the basis of the principle of coordinating actions and construction of the function, taking into account the optimal time of the control action, the General algorithm of decision support for emergency production situations in the Pro low-rise construction, both in urban and rural areas
This work is devoted to revealing some opportunities of the research of a subject to modeling by a research of its model given by the ASC-analysis and the Eidos system
To assess the impact of investments on the results of the Agro-industrial complex, we use an adaptive management system for open systems