The modern level of cultivation of agricultural animals requires new approaches to the processing and disposal of manure. To do this, it is necessary to develop effective ways of converting waste into organic fertilizers, which, in the form of liquid effluents, make it possible to enhance and preserve the soil fertility of agricultural landscapes. This is especially necessary to be carried out on black soils, where irrigation of crops with prepared and diluted drains has a positive effect on the harvest. Therefore, the creation of manure processing systems by technological sequentially related operations is an urgent problem. Cattle manure is considered as a poly-dispersed system with sedimentation and physical and chemical properties. In this case, the system requires the sequential solution of a number of complex tasks: removal of various inclusions from manure, especially colloidal and fibrous particles; prevention of premature separation of manure during homogenization; preparation of manure for separation into liquid and solid fractions is a basic technological scheme that is universal and applicable to all types of livestock-raising complexes. A feature of the integrated cattle manure disposal line is a lagoon for year-round storage of a certain amount of manure drains prepared for irrigation during the growing season. For the creation of the lagoon, a film coating is used - it works as an anti-filtration screen
The authors of this article have developed a questionnaire for pet owners and conducted a research on the nutrition and health of domestic dogs and cats in the urban environment. By results of researches, it is concluded that in the conditions of the city, cats are a preferable type of pets. The preferred type of food is mixed one, with using dry, natural and wet food. Food standards are followed by 46% of owners of 100% participants of the survey and only 43.3% from consulters with veterinary specialists in the field of feeding of a pet. Among non-communicable diseases, urological diseases are more common: urolithiasis, cystitis, endometritis and ovarian cyst
An integral assessment of the resource intensity of production and technological processes in industrial fruit growing is given. The limits of the stability of fruit agrocenoses under technogenic impacts are substantiated. Regressive dependencies were established for technological processes in the context of certain types of resources used: capital (depreciation), working capital (consumption of materials and the coefficient of consolidation) and labor (wage intensity). The optimal parameters of resource-intensiveness of production and technological processes in industrial fruit growing are substantiated
This article reviews the results of studies on the impact of the nutrition background and the use of the Bereke GN growth stimulator on the yield and quality of early ripe potato variety Marabell in southern Kyrgyzstan. Early potato yields were largely dependent on the use of the Bereke GN growth stimulant. The highest yield was identified with the integrated use of a growth stimulator provided the planned yield, and averaged 29.97 t/ha. Also, in the experiments conducted, the yield of early potatoes was largely dependent on the climatic conditions of the year under study. The structure of the crop of early potatoes has been analyzed. In case of complex application of growth stimulator, also in case of treatment of seed tubers with growth stimulant, thickness of early potato plants is increased and on average in three years there was an increase by 0.32 and 0.52 thousand bushes per 1 ha.
The structure and marketability of the early potato harvest were analyzed in detail, depending on the background of nutrition and the method of application of the Bereke GN growth stimulator
The growth-regulating activity of naphthalenesulfonylamide and pyrazolopyridines derivatives was studied under laboratory and field tests on tomato plants. We have found substances with high growth-regulating effect. The vegetative mass of plants, the number of ovaries in the hand, the size of the fruit, the yield and the sugar content of the fruits increased under the influence of the growth regulators
The purpose of the study was to substantiate the rigid parameters of tyres in propulsion units for the combine harvesters of high performance. A research method is analytical with the use of a mathematical model of the combine harvester in which damping and rigidity of the drive axle tyres in circumferential and radial directions are taken into account. Values of the rational rigid characteristics of the pneumatic tyre have been generally determined by the ability of the tyre to be deformed so that to reduce the angular, vertical and horizontal skeleton oscillations of a combine harvester to ensure the high-quality technological process of the threshing and harvesting. The specified circumstance gains the special importance at the development and introduction of the new tyre modes for the combine harvesters of high performance. The analysis of the conducted analytical researches has been showed the expediency of using the threads of a cord in the propulsion unit of combine harvesters instead of diagonal or radial tyres of the same standard size with an original position of them. The offered pneumatic tyre of 30.5E-32 used as the leading one, and promotes the reduction of the angular oscillation amplitude and operating speed of a combine and also angular and vertical accelerations up to 1.42 times
Pre-planting preparation of soil in the Central part of the North Caucasus according to the traditional technology of cultivation of crops involves the use of single-operation soil processing machines and aggregates. As a result, they have to make multiple passes, resulting in increased energy consumption, soil compaction, and the emergence and development of erosion processes. In addition, the agricultural machinery used is characterized by the low operability and reliability of the working elements and their joint assemblies, which leads to a decrease in productivity, so that the agricultural requirements for the process of pre-sowing soil preparation are often not met. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an arable milling unit for pre-sowing soil preparation is proposed. Its structural and technological scheme is justified. The distinctive features of the proposed design are the possibility of the main soil treatment with simultaneous grinding of large soil clumps, lumps, plant residues and levelling of the soil surface; possibility of changing the installation angle of the rotary grinder and depth of soil treatment depending on the type of treated soil; high quality of soil preparation for sowing; provision of energy consumption reduction due to combination of technological operations in preparation of soils for sowing; lack of expensive assemblies and parts; the need for less energy for aggregation when preparing soils for sowing. As a result of the theoretical studies carried out, rational values of the main parameters of the proposed arable milling unit have been established, which have a decisive influence on the process of its operation: speed of movement 1.5... 2.0 m/s; Angle of attack of working element 20... 300; Angular rotation speed of the working tool 20... 25 s-1
The article gives results of a comparative study of the growth and development of young cattle of Holstein breed belonging to the Reflection Sovering and Vis Baidial lines, born with the method of transplantation of embryos, and their coevals born with a standard method. Technology of growing of young cattle in both groups was identical, accepted in the economy. During suckling period, the heifers got 300 kg of full-milk. During a period from 3 to 8 months, they were contained in cages for small group maintenance, from an 8 month age, they were contained loose, on pasture grounds. Living mass and average daily increases of experimental heifers changed differently. The rates of height and average daily increases in an experimental group turned out to be higher, than for coevals of the control group. It is proved by the researches, that heifers born with the method of transplantation of embryos are equal to ones who were born with a traditional method in the rates of height and development and even excel coevals at the certain periods. In the age of the first insemination, living mass of heifers of the experimental group was 365 kg, which was 14 kg more compared to coevals of the control group. In all studied age-related periods, heifers of the experimental group excelled coevals of the control group in average daily increases. From their birth and up to 14-th month age, exceeding on increases was 37gr; to the age of the first insemination, heifers of the experimental group were more developed. Taking into account the genetic potential in heifer embryos and their best height and development, it proves the expediency of the use of transplantation of embryos
The article considers the introduction of organoleptic analysis of seeds into the line of first seed growing as a new method of increasing the consumer qualities of confectionary sunflower varieties. The carried-out researches allow making conclusions that it is necessary to use the nurseries of seed assessment not only for preservation and improvement of economically valuable signs of confectionary varieties but as well as for perfection of consumer qualities of manufactured raw materials in the process of selection-seed growing work with confectionary sunflower. The offered technology of organoleptic analysis was approbated in the department of science in Ltd Company SSE “Genofond” and is successfully used in the selection-seed growing program
The main subject spotted in this article is a calculation method which helps to depict optimal temperature conditions for seeds stimulation by infrared radiation useful for electromagnetic processing and seed-pelleting with perlit next. The analysis helped to depict that the convenient technical aspects of shortwave infrared radiation is in range 0,76-1,4 mcm. This kind of infrared radiation has the greatest penetrating power into the grain to stimulate. According to the methodology a rapid increase of the temperature of seeds after the critical point reaching during IR treatment leads to the properties deterioration of the of thermolabile materials. The temperature gradient during the IR treatment of seeds has the opposite direction of moisture content and depends on the preliminary humidity of the material. This affects the pre-planting cultivation quality of seeds. To avoid overheating and seeds damage there was a mathematical model of the optimal temperature of the IR radiation calculated. As the result of this method there was obtained the calculation of temperature conditions for IR treatment and heating rate depending on seeds humidity. This calculation method helps to define optimal temperature conditions to avoid harmful influence on seeds due to heating. There was data fitting during this method creation and evaluation which defines the effectiveness and perspective of this elaboration