The creation of high-quality grape varieties of domestic breeding is relevant in order to successfully import substitution. The purpose of these studies was to isolate and study the hybrid forms of the technical direction for the creation of promising high-quality grape varieties of domestic breeding, tolerant to phylloxera and with high quality wine-making products. The objects of research were the breeding forms of grapes of the technical direction, growing in on the hybrid section AZOSViW - a branch of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW. The studies were performed using modern and generally accepted programs and techniques. The selection of elite forms according to a complex of attributes based on many years of field and laboratory research is one of the main stages of the selection process. As a result of studying the potential of hybrid forms of grapes, the selection of AZOSViW of the technical direction highlighted the hybrid forms of grapes to the elite: III -59-21, III - 62-9, with good quality of final products and tolerance to phylloxera. The article presents a brief description of selected elite forms of grapes. The selected hybrid forms belong to the early-medium term of ripening, accumulate a high concentration of sugars and have an average cluster weight greater than that of the control variety called Krasnostop Anapa
A number of authors (Milaeva I. V., Zaitsev S. Yu., Dovzhenko N. A., Tsarkov D. V., Tsarkova M. S., 2015) have proposed a regression model and a method for indirect measurement of fat and protein content in cow's milk by its dynamic surface tension, which has a number of advantages over the traditional approach. The model reflects the objectively existing relations between the content of fat and protein in cow's milk and parameters of centigrams of dynamic surface tension at the interface of the milk/air. These relationships are revealed by the authors of the method wit mathematical processing of 112 empirical samples. For this purpose, they have applied regression and correlation analysis (in MS Excel). Since the content of fat and proteins in milk largely determines its quality, this problem refers to the problems of qualimetry. However, this problem of qualimetry also refers to typical problems of pattern recognition (multi-parameter typing and system identification), and therefore it is possible that the quality of its solution can be improved by the use of artificial intelligence methods, in particular cognitive and information technologies. Moreover, these relationships are quite complex. The use of intelligent technologies also creates additional opportunities for the study of the simulated subject area by studying its model. All this is of great scientific and practical interest for both researchers and practitioners. To solve all these problems in the work we have applied Automated System-Cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its software tool which is an intelligent system called "Eidos". A numerical example based on real data has been considered in detail as well
The article presents organoleptic and physicochemical characteristic of baking wheat bread with 25% addition of flour of sorghum, and also wheat flour
The article discusses the need to control the technological parameters of wheat germination. A method of intensification of this process is proposed by pretreatment of grain with ultrasonic effect using the ULTA-0.63 / 22-OL apparatus UZTA-0.63 / 22-OL, Biysk. We have evaluated various modes of ultrasonic processing of the grain and their effect on the germination energy and the total number of nested and sprouted grains. We have also conducted optimization of grain processing conditions during germination. Based on the technological capabilities of the device and the optimal modes of ultrasonic exposure, the following exposure parameters were determined: 340 W and 5 minutes of exposure (soft wheat grain) and 397 W and 6 minutes of exposure (grain of durum wheat). The authors note that the intensification of this process significantly depends on varieties and qualities of wheat grain, since the process is complex and depends on many parameters. The use of ultrasonic treatment allows intensifying the soaking process and reducing the duration of this technological operation up to 6 hours for both samples of grain of soft and durum wheat. At the same time, for the necessary moistening of the grain, a ratio of water and grain for 1: 1 is sufficient, since there were no significant differences in the intensity of grain moistening
ASSESSMENT OF THE GREENERY CONDITION AND VOLUME-SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF PETROVSKII PARK OF PETROZAVODSK
The article covers the results of the greenery inventory and landscape-planning structure analysis of Petrovskii park of Petrozavodsk. The features of modern park planning and positional application of trees and shrubs in various types of park and garden stands are described. In the park there were found 47 species of arboreal plants, their distribution by quantity and by different categories of viability was presented. The result of the trees and shrubs condition assessment in this park stated that 63,6% of plants are in good condition, 33,2% of arboreal plants are weakened and seriously weakened, and 3,2% are in unsatisfactory condition and appear to be shrinkable and dead standing. The analysis of the park structure and stand condition allows to offer plant renovation activities
The purpose of this research is to increase the production of concentrated (protein) feed in agricultural enterprises through the use of electronic equipment or robotics and precise precision livestock technology, which will reduce the unit cost of their production. According to the academician L. P. Kormakovsky, accurate, precision technology enables economical use of material resources, which are feeds and their ingredients in the feed, and to obtain optimum results at the highest cost. The most important direction of development of accurate technologies in animal husbandry is the preparation of complete feed mixtures and normalized feeding of groups of animals formed by its productivity. One of the key conditions of efficiency of precise breeding and the use of sophisticated electronic means of control of technological processes is the quality of the feed. Over the past 15 years, concentrated feed forms have been the basis of the diet of most types of farm animals and is the main reserve for increasing their productivity. The article considers models of robotic means of different countries of producers, used in agricultural enterprises for the preparation and distribution of protein feed. The use of robotics currently makes it possible to facilitate human work, and in some cases to replace it. Replacement of a human in all the spheres of activity, for example in preparation of protein forages, at agricultural companies will allow to increase productivity of forage preparation equipment, quality of forages and to provide agriculture of the country with the domestic forages. However, the production of domestic robotics, which are designed for the preparation of protein feed on the basis of oilseeds (sunflower meal, soybean, etc.) is absent, which is a scientific problem. The production of robotics is most developed in European countries. Robotic means which carry out distribution of protein forages, are applied to a lesser extent at the domestic agricultural enterprises, in connection with their features
Reserves of expansion of the areas under fruit plantings in the central part of the North Caucasus are limited, one of solutions of this problem is involvement in an agricultural turn and, in particular, under fruit plantings a little or the slope lands, absolutely inconvenient for one-year cultures, having optimum climatic conditions. Currently, scientifically based technologies of cultivation of gardens on slopes are developed for foothill and mountainous areas of the North Caucasus in relation to zones. Large corporations, as well as medium and small business are engaged in production of fruits in the North Caucasian Federal District. One of problems which vendors of fruits face it is the shortage of the equipment on care of trunk strips and row-spacings of fruit plantings. Mechanized technologies of flat gardening are a little effective in specific conditions of mountain and foothill agriculture where the main limiting factor is the soil fertility. At the same time, the question of the accelerated creation of a humic layer in the trunk strips, improvements of the water and food modes of fruit plantings on slope lands is particularly acute. The carried-out analysis of a system of maintenance of the soil in gardens showed that the most rational is the cespitose and humous system providing bevelling of vegetation with its leaving on the surface of the soil in the form of mulch. However, lots the mower-grinders produced by the industry have rather low rotating speed of a rotational operating part (540 … 840 min-1); they do not provide high-quality crushing of grass vegetation, are incapable to transport crushed grassy masses in trunk strips of fruit-trees. In this regard, we offer a construction of a unit for processing of row-spacings and the trunk strips of fruit plantings. As a result of the conducted theoretical researches, we have set rational values of key parameters of the offered unit
This article is devoted to the definition of criteria for the functioning of agrocenoses. It is determined that the functioning of agrocenoses largely depends on the resource potential: used ecological zones, applied technologies, technological operations and regulations. The basis of effective reproduction and sustainability of agrocenoses is the optimal balance of resources used. The work purpose is the substantiation of optimal parameters of resource intensity of the technological processes in horticulture and the determination of the limits of sustainability of agrocenoses under anthropogenic influences. The integrated assessment of resource intensity of production and technological processes in industrial fruit growing for optimization of its parameters of resource intensity is given. The optimum of reproduction possibilities and limits of stability of agroecosystem components in comparability with the level of technogenic load is achieved by means of regulation of permissible anthropogenic loads in separate elements of agroecosystem and resource balance of elements and processes. The limits of sustainability of fruit agrocenosis under anthropogenic influences are substantiated as well. Regression dependences on technological processes in the context of certain types of resources used are established: capital (depreciation), turnover (material consumption and coefficient of consolidation) and labor (wage). The complex coefficient of efficiency of the economic mechanism of resource saving is defined. The article substantiates optimal parameters of resource-intensive production and technological processes in industrial horticulture. We have also calculated the normative value of the total index of resource intensity of technological processes
The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the conditions of the foothill horticultural zone of the Krasnodar region and the crown shape on the agrobiological characteristics of the growth and fruiting of apple trees of the Idared and Renet Simirenko varieties. The objects of the study are Idared and Rennet Simirenko, trees of winter apple varieties, grafted on MM 106 rootstock. Trees were planted according to the 5 × 3 m scheme; crown width 2.0 ... 2.5 m. Orientation of rows from east to west. The garden is located on the northern slope with a slope of 3 degrees. The scheme of experience: option 1 - sparse-tiered crown (control); option 2 - flattened crown. In the experiment there were 2 options, in each option 10 typical trees were taken. Repetition: tree - plot. The location of the experiment is the Abinsky district of the Krasnodar region. Agricultural records of growth and fruiting of apple trees were carried out according to generally accepted methods, statistical processing of research results was performed by the method of variance analysis described by B. Dospekhov. The results of our studies showed that when flattening crowns, the variety Idared increases the average weight of apples by 22.9%, the yield of fruits of the highest and first grade by 43.6%, the intensity of integumentary coloring of fruits in the peripheral zones increases by 1.44, and in the center crowns 2.7 times, compared with sparse-tier crowns. In the variety Renet Simirenko, the fruit weight increases by 8.9%, the yield of the highest and first grade fruits by 14.6%, the number of fruits with color by 18.7%. Thus, in apple orchards with a 7 x 4 m planting pattern (on MM106 stock) under the conditions of the foothill horticultural zone of the Krasnodar region, flattened tree crowns should be formed for the Aydared variety (aged 14-15 years), which significantly improves the quality of the products
The article considers the possibility of reducing the cost of tillage in the production of grain crops. The most important economic characteristic of production is operating costs. In terms of agricultural production, they represent the amount of contributions to wages, depreciation, repairs, and the cost of fuel, lubricants and other consumables. In this regard, the aim of the research was to determine the dynamics of operating costs in the production of legumes. Determination of the dynamics of operating costs was carried out on the basis of the results of studies of energy-saving technologies in a stationary experience. Variants of processing of the soil on the conventional technology was layered subsurface tillage combined unit, UNS-3, the layered subsurface tillage unit CUO-2 and conventional tillage (PN-5-35). No provision was made for zero tillage technology. As a result of the research it was found that on pre-sowing tillage and sowing, the value of operating costs varies for the crops under consideration, but has almost the same values (within each crop) for the methods of the main tillage. More preferable for this type of work is zero tillage, as it provides 21-29% lower operating costs due to direct sowing of crops. The highest operating costs for all the crops under consideration are observed in the main tillage. In the same technological period of work operating costs are the most variable. Thus, depending on the technology of the tillage when growing winter wheat, they change within 117,2-5229,2, the production of spring barley - to 167,8-4517,4 and in the production of peas – to 136,6-4517,4 thousand rubles